Uploaded byDr Rohit Bhaskar, Physio
Stroke I Incidence, Types, Causes, Risk Factors & Management - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to sudden neurological impairments. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic (blockage) and hemorrhagic (bleeding), with various causes and risk factors involved. Prevention, timely treatment, and rehabilitation play crucial roles in managing stroke outcomes.
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Introduction to stroke, its definition, neurological impacts, death rates, and disability statistics.
Discussion on brain blood supply, types of strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic), and their causes.
Identification of non-treatable and treatable stroke risk factors, along with less documented factors.
Key warning signs of stroke, including symptoms like weakness, confusion, vision problems, and severe headaches.
Details of specific stroke types (ACAS, MCAS, PCAS) and their associated neurological effects.
Description of TIAs as warning strokes and the progression of motor deficits post-stroke.
Diagnostic methods for stroke and treatment options for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Prevention tips for stroke and an overview of rehabilitation, types of programs, and specialist roles.
Presentation conclusion and acknowledgment by the presenter.
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Stroke I Incidence, Types, Causes, Risk Factors & Management - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
- 1. STROKE TYPES & MANAGEMENT COPYRIGHTEDTO ROHIT BHASKAR 1
- 2. What Is Stroke? Astroke occurs when blood flowtothe brain is interrupted bya blocked or a burst bloodvessel. COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 2
- 3. STROKE O Sudden lossof neurological function caused by the interruptionof blood flowtobrain. O Focal neurological deficits due toischemia O For classical stroke itmust persist forat least 24 hours O Paralysis (Hemiplegia) O Weakness (Hemiparesis) O Impairments (reversible) within3 weeks O Residual impairment (longer than 3 weeks) COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 3
- 4. What Isthe Impactof Stroke? O Stroke is thethirdleading cause of death in the UnitedStates OOn average, someone suffers a stroke every 40 seconds O About 795,000 Americans suffer a stroke each year O About every 4minutes, someone dies of a stroke COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 4
- 5. What Isthe Impactof Stroke? (Continued) OStroke is a leading cause of serious, long disability O About 6.4 million Americans are stroke survivors COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 5
- 6. Blood Supply ofthe Brain • O Anterior: Carotid Arteries – middle & anterior cerebral arteries • frontal, parietal, temporal lobes; basal ganglion; part of the diencephalon (thalamus & hypothalamus) • O Posterior: Vertebral Arteries – basilar artery • Mid and lower temporary & occipital lobes, cerebellum, brainstem, & part of the diencephalon • O Circle of Willis – connects the anterior & posterior cerebral circulation COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 6
- 7. What Are theTypes of Stroke? O Ischemic Stroke(Blockage) O Caused bya blockage in blood vesselsin brain OHemorrhagic Stroke(Bleeding) O Caused byburst or leaking blood vesselsin brain COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 7
- 8. What Are theCausesof Ischemic Stroke? O Begins withthe development of fatty deposits lining the blood vesselwall O Thrombus: Development of blood clotat the fatty deposit O Embolus: Travelingparticle too large to pass through a smallvessel COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 8
- 9. EmbolicStroke Blood clottravels tothebrain ThromboticStroke Blood flowis blocked tothebrain COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 9
- 10. What Are theCausesof Hemorrhagic Stroke? O Occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures O Aneurysms: Ballooning of a weakened region of a bloodvessel O Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): abnormal bloodvessels COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 10
- 11. Stroke Risk FactorsThat Cannot BeTreated O Age O Sex O Race O Prior stroke O Familyhistory COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 11
- 12. Stroke Risk FactorsThat Can Be Treated O Hypertension/High BloodPressure O Heart Disease O CigaretteSmoking O Transient Ischemic Attacks O Diabetes O Elevated Blood Cholesterol/Lipids COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 12
- 13. Stroke Risk FactorsLess Well-Documented O Geographical Location O Socioeconomic Factors O Excessive AlcoholIntake O Certain Kinds of DrugAbuse COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 13
- 14. Stroke Warning Signs OSudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg,especially on one side of thebody O Sudden confusion, trouble speakingor understanding O Sudden trouble seeing in oneor both eyes O Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, lossof balance orcoordination O Sudden, severe headaches withnoknown cause (forhemorrhagicstroke) COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 14
- 15. ACAS O Contralateral hemiparesis(LE more thanUE) O Contralateral hemi sensory loss (LEmore than UE) O Incontinence O Apraxia COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 15
- 16. MCAS O Contralateral hemiparesis(UE & face more than LE) O Contralateral Hemi sensory loss (UE & face more than LE) O Aphasia OPerceptual deficits COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 16
- 17. PCAS O Contralateral homonymoushemianopsia OMemory defect O Hemiplegia O Eye movements COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 17
- 18. Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) O“Warning strokes” that can happen beforea majorstroke O Occur when blood flowthrough a brain artery is blocked or reduced forashort time O Symptoms are temporary but similar to those of a fullfledgedstroke O Aperson who has a TIAis 9.5 times more likely tohave a stroke COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 18
- 19. Motor deficits O Earlystages flaccidity,no voluntry movement and noreflexes O Cerebral shock lasts from 72 hours to2 weeks (can be longer) O This is replaced byspasticity, hyperreflexia and mass pattern (synergies) O Bobath divided stroke into 3stages O 1-The initialflaccid stages O 2-The stage ofspasticity O 3-The stage of relativerecovery COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 19
- 20. Diagnosis • CT Scan •MRI • Angiography • Lumbar Puncture • USD • Echocardiogram COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 20
- 21. How Are Strokes Treated? O• Ischemic Stroke O• Clot-busters e.g.,t-PA O• Anticoagulants – warfarin O• CarotidEndarterectomy O• Angioplasty/Stents O• Hemorrhagic Stroke O• SurgicalIntervention O• Endovascular Procedures,e.g.,coils COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 21
- 22. Prevention of Stroke OControl high bloodpressure O Prevent heartdisease O Stop cigarettesmoking O Recognize signs of TIAand tellphysician O Reduce blood cholesterollevels COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 22
- 23. Rehabilitation O Aftersuffering astroke, it’simportant tobegin a rehabilitation program as soon aspossible COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 23
- 24. Types of RehabilitationPrograms O Hospital programs O Nursing facilities O Outpatient programs O Home-based programs COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 24
- 25. Rehabilitation Specialists O Physician ORehabilitation nurse O Physical therapist O Speech therapist O Occupationaltherapist O Psychiatrist COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 25
- 26. THANK YOU Presented By RohitBhaskar Physiotherapy Student At Uttar Pradesh University Of Medical Sciences COPYRIGHTED TO ROHIT BHASKAR 26