Structured Query Language Manipulate database.ppt
- 1. 1 Copyright Mindware, Inc. SQL Structured Query Language
- 2. 2 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • It is a computer language aimed to store, manipulate, and retrieve data stored in relational databases • In1974, a group in IBM developed the first prototype of a relational database • SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard What is SQL?
- 3. 3 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • Execute queries against a database • Retrieve data from a database • Insert records in a database • Update records in a database • Delete records from a database • Create new databases • Create new tables in a database • Create stored procedures in a database • Create views in a database • Set permissions on tables, procedures, and views What Can SQL do?
- 4. 4 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • Although SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard, there are many different versions of the SQL language. • However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all support at least the major commands (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner. • Note: Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary extensions in addition to the SQL standard! SQL is a Standard, but....
- 5. 5 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. • RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access. • The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. • A table is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. What is RDBMS?
- 6. 6 Copyright Mindware, Inc. Data: • Information that is been stored and used in the computer system is called as data Data Base: • Collection of meaningful data stored in an organized manner Overview of RDBMS
- 7. 7 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • One to one: • In this a row in a Table A can have no more than one matching row In Table B one to many: this is the most common type of relationship. In this a row in a Table A can have many matching rows in Table B but row in table B will have only one matching row. Relations:
- 8. 8 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • In this a row in a Table A can have many matching rows In Table B and vice versa Many to Many:
- 9. 9 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • Database is a collection of tables that contain data and other objects such as views, indexes, stored procedures and triggers Data Bases
- 10. 10 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • The data in a database is organized into the logical components visible to users • A database is also physically implemented as two are more files on disk. • When using a database you need to work primarily with the logical components such as tables, views & stored procedures. • Physical implementation of files are transparent Data base Architecture
- 11. 11 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • Each instance of Sqlserver has 4 system DB They are……. 1 Master 2 TempDB 3 Model 4 Msdb System Databases
- 12. 12 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • It records all of the system level information for sql server system • It records all login accounts and all system config settings • It records the all existed databases including the location of database files Master
- 13. 13 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • It is used as the template for all databases created on system • The model database must always exist on a server system Model
- 14. 14 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • It is used by sql server agents for scheduling alerts and jobs msdb
- 15. 15 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • It holds the temporary tables and temporary stored procedures • It is recreated every time sqlserver started • Temporary tables and stored procedures dropped automatically tempdb
- 16. 16 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • The databases that are created by the user are called as User defined Data Bases User defined Databases
- 17. 17 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • All data and objects in the database, such as tables stored procedures views etc,.. • Primary data file(.mdf) : This file contains the startup information for the database and is used to store data • Secondary data file(.ndf) : It holds all of the data which does not fit in primary file Files and File Goups
- 18. 18 Copyright Mindware, Inc. • Transaction log file(.ldf): • It holds the information used to recover the database there must be at least one .ldf file for each database .