![References
References
[1] E. Rozière, A. Loukili and R. Hachem (2009), Durability of concrete exposed to leaching and
external sulphate attacks, Cement and Concrete Research, 39: 1188–1198.
[2] P. Faucon, F. Adenot, J.F. Jacquinot, J.C. Petit, R. Cabrillac and M. Jorda (1998), Long-term behavior
of cement pastes used for nuclear waste disposal: review of physico-chemical mechanisms of water
degradation, Cement and Concrete Research, 28, 847-857.
[3] N. Burlion, D. Bernard and D. Chen (2006), X-ray microtomography: Application to microstructure
analysis of a cementitious material during leaching process, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 346–
357.
[4] D. Planel, J. Sercombe, P.L. Bescop, F. Adenot and J.M. Torrenti (2006), Long-term performance
of cement paste during combined calcium leaching- sulfate attack: kinetics and size effect, Cement
and Concrete Research, 36, 137–143.
[5] F. Adenot and M. Buil (1992), Modelling of the corrosion of the cement paste by deionized water,
Cement and Concrete Research, 22, 489–496.
[6] J. Jain and N. Neithalath (2009), Analysis of calcium leaching behavior of plain and modified
cement pastes in pure water, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31, 176-185.
[7] Manju Pawar et.al (2014) Feasibility and need of use of waste marble powder in concrete
production. ISSN No. 2349-943435.PP 1-6.
[8] V.M. Sounthararajan and A. Sivakumar (2013) Effect of the lime content in marble powder for
producing high strength concrete. ISSN 1819-6608.PP 260-264.
[9] CorinaldesiV, Moriconi G, NaikTR, (2010), ―Characterization of marble powder for its use in
mortar and concrete‖, Const. Build. Mat.,24, pp 113-117.
[10]Vaidevi C (2013) Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in concrete. ISSN 2319 –
7757.PP14-16.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation1-191116195258/85/Study-of-packing-density-of-concrete-in-structural-concrete-using-different-secondary-raw-materials-29-320.jpg)
Study of packing density of concrete in structural concrete using different secondary raw materials.
- 1. FinalYear Project Group 14 Supervisor: Sir Umar Awan
- 2. Group Members Muhammad Hamza Malik Muhammad ShahzaibYusuf Muhammad Awais Naseer Habib Ullah
- 3. Study of packing density of concrete in structural concrete using different secondary raw materials.Title
- 4. Concrete Kaolin Clay Marble Powder Packing Density Introduction
- 5. Problem Statement The use of cement reasons air pollution so we can regulate it by replacing some amount of cement with marble dust. One ton of cement production consume about 1.6 MW energy and discharge about one tone of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere In Pakistan budget is the key problem. Marble powder and kaolin clay are inexpensive. Marble powder is a waste. Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. Leaving this waste material to the environment directly can cause environmental problem.
- 6. Aims and Objectives To calculate the optimum replacement of marble dust waste and kaolin clay in concrete. To obtain cost effective and environment friendly concrete. To investigate the effect of aggregate grading on particle packing of the cement based mixes and behavior of Mortar with and without mineral admixtures
- 7. Literature Review Researchers Study Conclusion A. Manju Pawar et.al (2014) Replaced Cement withWaste Marble Powder. Partial replacement of cement by varying percentage of marble powder reveals that increased waste marble powder (WMP) ratio result in increased strengths of the mortar and concrete They found out the optimum percentage for replacement of MDP with cement and it is almost 12.5 % cement for both compressive & tensile strength. Mr. Ranjan Kumar et. al Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% MDP as cement replacement by weight basis has been prepared.Water/cement ratio (0.43) was kept constant, in all the concrete mixes. The results of the laboratory work showed that replacement of cement with MDP increase, up to 10% for compressive strength, & up to 15% for split tensile strength & flexural strength of concrete. Sabir B.B. et. al (2014) Partial replacement of cement with the Metakaolin in concrete and mortar which cause great improvement in the pore structure and hence resistance of concrete to harmful solutions. It greatly improves the resistance to the transportation of water and diffusion ions which lead to degradation of matrix L.G. Li, A.K.H. Kwan Packing density of concrete mix under dry and wet conditions First, the presence of water could decrease the voids ratio by as much as 46%. Second, the compaction by tamping could decrease the voids ratio by 36% under dry condition and 17% under wet condition, indicating that dry packing is more sensitive to compaction than wet packing.Third, under wet condition, the compaction by vibration could decrease the voids ratio by 27%, showing that vibration is more effective than tamping for compaction.
- 8. Conclusion Tensile Strength Compressive strengthSlump test Experimental workLiterature Review Fine aggregate KC MP Collection of Materials Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate Cement Limestone Powder Field WorkData analysis Testing regime Material classifica tion Coarse aggregate Fresh concrete Harden Concrete Compacting factor test Sieve analysis Specific gravity Specific gravity Sieve analysis Specific gravity Sieve analysis Specific gravity Sieve analysis Research Methodology Water Absorption Marble Dust Design Expert
- 9. MaterialUsed Material Description Cement OPC confirming to ASTMC-150 Sand Locally available Coarse Aggregate Locally available from Margalla Hills Marble powder Locally available Kaolin clay Locally available from Swat Mixing water Tap water Mix propotion 1:2:4 to asses normal strength of concrete w/c 0.55 Curing 14 and 28 days No. of Specimen 77
- 10. CementOPC confirming ASTMC-150 Properties of Cement Sr.No characteristics values Standard values 1 Initial setting time 45 min Not less than 30 min 2 Final setting time 270 Not be greater than 600 min 3 Fineness 4.5% <10% 4 Specific Gravity 3.05% 3.15
- 11. Sand Sr.no Properties Values 1 Fineness Modulus 2.62 2 Specific Gravity 2.66 Reference Range Type of sand Fineness modulus range Fine sand 2.2-2.6 Medium sand 2.6-2.9 Coarse sand 2.9-3.2
- 12. Fine aggregate ( 2 kg ) Sieve No. Size in mm Retained wt. ( kg) Comm. retained wt. (kg) % Retained % Passing % Comm. Retained Limits of ASTM # 4 4.75 0.004 0.004 0.2 99.8 0.2 95-100 # 8 2.36 0.013 0.017 0.85 99.15 1.05 80-100 # 16 1.18 0.077 0.094 4.7 95.3 5.75 60-85 # 30 0.6 1.265 1.359 67.95 32.05 73.7 25-60 # 50 0.3 0.375 1.734 86.7 13.3 160.4 10--30 # 100 0.15 0.186 1.92 96 4 256.4 2--10 # 200 0.075 0.027 1.97 98.5 1.5 354.9 1--2 SieveAnalysis
- 13. 99.899.15 95.3 32.05 13.3 41.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.01 0.1 1 10 %passing sieve size Fine aggregate Gradation Curve (Sand)
- 14. Coarse Aggregate Properties of coarse aggregate Characteristics Value Specific gravity 2.8 Crushing value 28
- 17. Marble Powder (2000 g) Sieve No. Size in mm Retained wt. ( g) Comm. retained wt. (g) % % Passing % Comm. RetainedRetained # 4 4.75 0 0 0 100 0 # 8 2.36 0.8 0.8 0.04 99.96 0.04 # 16 1.18 79.2 80 4 96 4.04 # 30 0.6 755 835 41.75 58.35 45.79 # 50 0.3 500 1335 66.75 33.25 112.54 # 100 0.15 367 1702 85.1 14.675 197.64 # 200 0.075 184.5 1886.5 94.325 5.675 291.965 pan 113.5 2000 100 0 391.965
- 18. Marble Powder 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.01 0.1 1 10 %Passing Sieve Size Gradation Curve Marble
- 19. KaolinClay (2000 g) Sieve No. Size in mm Retained wt. ( g) Comm. retained wt. (g) % Passing % Comm. Retained% Retained # 4 4.75 383 383 19.15 80.85 19.15 # 8 2.36 300 683 34.15 65.85 53.3 # 16 1.18 470 1153 57.65 42.35 110.95 # 30 0.6 250 1403 70.15 29.85 181.1 # 50 0.3 144 1547 77.35 22.65 258.45 # 100 0.15 219 1766 88.3 11.7 346.75 # 200 0.075 152 1918 95.9 4.1 442.65 Pan 82 2000 100 0 542.65
- 20. KaolinClay 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.01 0.1 1 10 %Passing Sieve Size Gradation Curve Kaolin Clay
- 21. Mix Proportion Sr. No W/C Binder FineAggregate Coarse Aggregate OPC MP KC Sand Aggregate CM 0.5 100 % 0 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 6 MP 0.5 94 % 6 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 12 MP 0.5 88 % 12 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 18 MP 0.5 82 % 18 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 3 KC 0.5 97 % 0 % 3 % 100 % 100 % 6 KC 0.5 94 % 0 % 6 % 100 % 100 % 9 KC 0.5 93 % 0 % 9 % 100 % 100 %
- 22. Results Slump Mix W/C SlumpValue (mm) CM 0.55 125 6 MP 0.55 80 12 MP 0.55 60 18 MP 0.55 50
- 23. SlumpGraph 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 CM 6 MD 12 MD 18 MD ChartTitle Slump Value (mm)
- 24. Compressive Strength Marble Powder Mix Days Load Compressive strength KN Psi CM 14 240 1907.8 28 6 MD 14 239.04 1900 28 12 MD 14 251.62 2000 28 18 MD 14 28
- 25. Tensile Strength Marble Powder Mix Days Load Tensile strength KN Psi CM 14 62.9 500 28 6 MD 14 65 516.24 28 12 MD 14 78 619.97 28 18 MD 14 28
- 26. Work Schedule Program Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Auto Scheduled Topic Selection 1 wk. Wed 19-09-18 Tue 25-09-18 Auto Scheduled Literature Review 2 wks. Wed 26-09-18 Tue 09-10-18 1 Auto Scheduled Proposal 2 wks. Wed 10-10-18 Tue 23-10-18 2 Auto Scheduled MaterialCollection 4 wks. Wed 24-10-18 Tue 20-11-18 3 Auto Scheduled Casting 6 wks. Wed 21-11-18 Tue 01-01-19 4 Auto Scheduled Testing 4 wks. Wed 02-01-19 Tue 29-01-19 5 Auto Scheduled ThesisWrite-up 3 wks. Wed 30-01-19 Tue 19-02-19 6
- 28. Budget Sr. No. Activity Approximate Cost 1 Material Procurement 25000 2 Labor 2000 3 Miscellaneous 5000 Total 32000
- 29. References References [1] E. Rozière, A. Loukili and R. Hachem (2009), Durability of concrete exposed to leaching and external sulphate attacks, Cement and Concrete Research, 39: 1188–1198. [2] P. Faucon, F. Adenot, J.F. Jacquinot, J.C. Petit, R. Cabrillac and M. Jorda (1998), Long-term behavior of cement pastes used for nuclear waste disposal: review of physico-chemical mechanisms of water degradation, Cement and Concrete Research, 28, 847-857. [3] N. Burlion, D. Bernard and D. Chen (2006), X-ray microtomography: Application to microstructure analysis of a cementitious material during leaching process, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 346– 357. [4] D. Planel, J. Sercombe, P.L. Bescop, F. Adenot and J.M. Torrenti (2006), Long-term performance of cement paste during combined calcium leaching- sulfate attack: kinetics and size effect, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 137–143. [5] F. Adenot and M. Buil (1992), Modelling of the corrosion of the cement paste by deionized water, Cement and Concrete Research, 22, 489–496. [6] J. Jain and N. Neithalath (2009), Analysis of calcium leaching behavior of plain and modified cement pastes in pure water, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31, 176-185. [7] Manju Pawar et.al (2014) Feasibility and need of use of waste marble powder in concrete production. ISSN No. 2349-943435.PP 1-6. [8] V.M. Sounthararajan and A. Sivakumar (2013) Effect of the lime content in marble powder for producing high strength concrete. ISSN 1819-6608.PP 260-264. [9] CorinaldesiV, Moriconi G, NaikTR, (2010), ―Characterization of marble powder for its use in mortar and concrete‖, Const. Build. Mat.,24, pp 113-117. [10]Vaidevi C (2013) Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in concrete. ISSN 2319 – 7757.PP14-16.