Summary writing by (fatmah khan) (1)
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The document outlines the objectives and techniques of summary writing, emphasizing the importance of paraphrasing and identifying main ideas. It details the steps involved, including reading, understanding, and organizing information logically. Additionally, it highlights characteristics of a good summary, such as brevity and clarity, while specifying the need to avoid unnecessary details.
Summary writing by (fatmah khan) (1)
- 2. Group number 5 2 ZOHA NUR IQRA AKHTAR FATIMA HASSAN
- 4. Summary writing A WAY OF EXPRESSING ALL THE IMPORTANT INFORMATION IN A READING TEXT, IN A SHORT AND CLEAR MANNER. 4
- 5. Objectives ✘ Give the appropriate definition for summary. ✘ 2. Know the characteristics of a good summary. ✘ 3. Learn the techniques In summary writing. ✘ 4. Learn the steps in summary writing. ✘ 5. Practice 5
- 6. In summary writing, you are requires to display your ability to do the following: ✘ To understand the requirements of the task ✘ To understand large quantities of information ✘ To identify and select the important points ✘ To combine and organize the information in a logical order. ✘ To paraphrase or rewrite the ideas in your own words and to present them in short, clear sentences ✘ To use grammatically correct and appropriate language ✘ To use correct mechanics such as correct spelling and punctuations 6
- 7. Technique in summary writing ✘ Paraphrasinging ✘ Grasping the central ideas ✘ Ways of condensation ✘ Finding the topic sentence and making an outline 7
- 8. Steps in writing a summary ✘ Read the article ✘ To understand the article and find the general theme ✘ ■ Reread the article ✘ Divide the sections and label each section. ✘ Understand the important Parts ✘ ■ Expressed in your own words to avoid plagiarism ✘ ■ Occasional Supporting ideas if necessary 8
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- 10. IQRA AKHTAR 10
- 11. A paragraph is made up of related sentences that develop a MAIN IDEA. The sentences in a paragraph should provide evidence for the main idea of the paragraph. What are the SUPPORTING DETAILS? ✘ These are details or sentences that work together to communicate the main idea. They give information that supports the main idea. ✘ There should be at least three details to provide strong support for the main idea. Supporting details can be descriptions, definitions, examples, elaboration or exploration of the main idea. What is the MAIN IDEA of a paragraph? ✘ The central or main theme of a paragraph ✘ This is the overall point of the paragraph.. ✘ The main idea is the point of the paragraph. It is the most important thought about the topic. ... The author can locate the main idea in different places within a paragraph. 11
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- 13. Paraphrasing Restating in your own words what another person has said or written. In other words, paraphrasing is the ability to write your own version of the essential information without changing the meaning and facts of the original text. It is an essential skill for summarizing.
- 14. 14 How to paraphrase: Reread the sentence or section several times until you completely understand it.Then, “translate” it into your own words, making sure that you keep ALL of the original ideas.You may find it difficult to paraphrase word for words so you may want to rearrange sentence structures for greater clarity. EXAMPLES Original Version: American Greeting Corporation is the largest public listed greeting card company in the world. Paraphrased Version: American Greeting Corporation is the world’s biggest public listed greeting card company.
- 15. GUIDELINES IN WRITING A SUMMARY You must first read the passage once to get a general idea of what the passage is about. Then study the question carefully to make sure you understand the task at hand. Underline the key words in the question to keep focused so that you do not deviate from the task at hand. Then read the passage and jot down or underline the main points and other relevant information. 15
- 16. Leave out irrelevant examples, illustrations: Leave out irrelevant examples, illustrations, explanations, repetitions, direct speech, quotations, and figurative expressions. then based on your main points, write out your first draft. Try to use your own words as far as possible by paraphrasing words used by the writer. DO NOT add your own information or opinions that are not found in the passage. Use linkers such as 'first', 'next', ‘then’, ‘whereas’, ‘furthermore’, ‘moreover’ and 'finally' to show logical sequence and cohesion in your summary.
- 17. ZOHA NUR 17
- 18. Examples : Skipping breakfast might seem like an easy way for dieters to cut calories. However, new research finds that the majority of people who are successful at losing weight and keeping it off eat breakfast every day.(36 words) Summarized paragraph : Research shows that people who wish to lose weight do not skip breakfast.(12 words)
- 19. Examples : Eating breakfast helps you spread out your hunger and manage your food intake better throughout the day. If you start out the day by eating something, you don’t get this burning hunger later that causes you to overeat.(38 words) Summarized paragraph: Eating breakfast keeps you feeling full and prevents you from overeating.(11 words)
- 20. ✘ Can be understand without Refrence to the orignal. ✘ Is brief without Any unnecessary details. ✘ Is a faithful reproduction ✘ contains only the ideas ✘ information of the original. ✘ Is a readable unified whole 20 Characteristics of a good summary
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Editor's Notes
- #22: Made by fatima hassan