Surgical Procedures

Surgical Procedures

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  Surgical ProceduresAdam RoweMedicalTerminologyBios 12017 February 2010
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  Cardiovascular Surgical ProceduresEarliestopen heart surgery performed in 19th centuryRobot-assisted heart surgery becoming more commonMajor complications are neurological
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  Heart TransplantationSurgery toremove damaged or diseased heart and replace it with a healthy donor heartHeart is removed in patient and blood is circulated through heart-lung bypass machineKeeps blood oxygen rich during procedureDonor heart is stitched in placeTubes are inserted to remove air, fluid and blood out of chest for several days
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  Heart TransplantationRecommended for:Coronaryartery diseaseSevere heart failureHeart defects present at birthOnly when medication won’t workNot recommended for patients with:Recent cancerInsulin-dependent diabetesKidney, lung, nerve or liver diseaseSmoking addiction
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  Heart TransplantationRisksDeep venousthrombosisDamage to organs from anti-rejection medicationHeart attack or strokeFactsAbout 3,500 performed each yearFirst one performed in 1968
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  Heart TransplantOutlookFirst 24-48hours are spent in ICUTypical hospital stay is 4-21 daysRecovery time is about 6 monthsMain concern is rejection80% success rate for first 2 yearsPost operation survival rate is 15 years
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  EmbolectomyEmergency surgical removalof an emboli which is blocking blood circulationCatheter EmbolectomyInserting a catheter with an inflatable balloon attached to tipPassing catheter beyond tip of clotInflating the balloon and pulling out the clotSurgical EmbolectomySimple surgical removal of clot by incision into the vessel
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  EmbolectomyIndicationSurgical and catheterembolectomy is preferred for patients with pulmonary embolismAcute limb ischemiaRemoval of blood clot Stroke
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  EmbolectomyRisk and outcomerecover80%success rateVessel wall damage, heart attackGood outcome, unless necrosis before the procedure was extensiveRelatively quickLeave from work may be necessaryNo heavy lifting
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  Valve ReplacementOne ormore heart valves are replaced with a healthy valveMechanical Valves - Man made valve - Lifetime anticoagulant is neededBiological Valves - Taken from cow, pig or human donors - Don’t last as long as mechanical valves
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  Valve ReplacementProcedureMultiple incisionsmade in chestHeart is stopped and passed through heart-lung machine to keep blood oxygenatedIncision is made in heart or aorta to reach valveCorrect size valve is selected and stitched into place
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  Valve ReplacementRisksMortality rateof 1-5%Infection, bleeding, stroke, heart attackRecoveryICU for 12-36 hours immediately following surgeryTypical stay is 4-10 daysFull recovery is 1-3 months, depending on healthNo heavy lifting for 3-6 months
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  Valve ReplacementFactsAbout 225,000performed each yearMechanical valves often make a faint clicking noise as they open and closeAortic Stenosis is the most common reason for valve replacement