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Sustainability in farming system
- 2. SUSTAINABILITY IN farming SYSTEM Koushalya TN PALB 6193
- 3. Crops/item Requirement (gm/capita/day) Requirement in milliontons 2010 2020 Cereals and millets 420 237.4 280.99 Pulses and legumes 70 22.61 26.76 Fats and oils 40 12.44 14.72 Vegetables 125 109.52 129.62 Roots and tubers 75 42.39 50.18 Fruits 50 43.81 51.85 Milk 150 84.79 100.35 Sugar 30 16.96 20.07 Egg 45 25.44 30.11 Fish 25 14.13 16.73 Requirement by 2020 to meet the balanced diet as per norms prescribed by ICMR (The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, 2006)
- 4. Problems of presentday agriculture • Decline in agriculture growth rate • Decline in factor productivity • Static or decline in food production • Increasing malnutrition • Shrinkage in net cultivable area • increasing environmental pollution • Depleting ground water table • Increasing cost of production • Low farm income • Increasing unemployment What is the solution?
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- 6. Farming system Farmingsystem is the scientific integration of different interdependent and interacting farm enterprises for the efficient use of land, labour and other resources of a farm family which provide year round income to the farmers.
- 7. "sustain" from theLatin sustinere sus- from below tenere-to hold Avoidance of the depletion of naturalresources in order to maintainan ecological balance. The Ability To Be Maintained At A Certain Rate Or Level
- 11. Role of FarmingSystem Food security Provide balanced food Quality food basket High productivity and enhanced farm income Effective recycling of resources Minimizing environmental pollution Employment generation
- 12. Farming system keyaspects Integrated Crop- Livestock Farming System
- 14. Farming System ForDifferent Agro Climatic Zones In India • Pastures with forestry, goats, rabbits, and settled agricultural crops like millets, wheat, barley, and fodders. High altitude cold deserts • Animal husbandry with the camels, sheep and goats, and growing with fodder and field crops. Arid and desert region • Horticultural crops as a major component and agriculture mainly on the hill terraces and slopes with maize, rice, wheat, pulses and fodder crops. Western and central Himalayas
- 15. • Primitive crophusbandry with rice, millets, pulses etc. Agro forestry system are also common. Piggery and poultry are the chief livestock activity. Eastern Himalayas • Intensive crop husbandry like rice- wheat-maize/mustard/pulses and livestock, dairy, cattle and buffaloes. Indo-Gangetic Plains • Cotton-sorghum-millets/pulses with dairy cattle, sheep and goats and poultry are the secondary livestock and animal husbandry enterprises. Central And Southern Highlands
- 16. • Major activityon plantation crops, cultivating rice and pulses are the secondary agricultural activity. Cattle, sheep and goats are the livestock components which in most parts, are maintained as large herds. Western Ghats • Rice cultivation with other enterprises like fishery, poultry and piggery, etc., capture fisheries of marine ecosystem is a specialized enterprise. Delta And Coastal Plains
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- 19. Poultry and fishin lowland of Tamil Nadu
- 20. Economics of rice-poultry-fish-mushroomsystem of Integrated Farming System Component Integrated farming system (0.40 ha) Conventional cropping system (0.40 ha) Additional net income from IFS over CCS (Rs)Gross income (Rs) Cost of production (Rs) Net income (Rs) Gross income (Rs) Cost of production (Rs) Net income (Rs) Crop 19076 11398 7678 13536 7202 6334 1344 Poultry 2861 1944 917 - - - 917 Fisheries 3568 1486 2082 - - - 2082 mushroom 6156 5078 1078 - - - 1078 Total 31661 19906 11755 13536 7202 6334 5421 Rangasamy et al. 1996Tamil Nadu
- 21. Productivity of Rice-basedFS Farming system Component productivity (Kg/ha) Rice-grain equivalent yield (Kg/ha) Crop Poultry Mushroom Rice – fallow (Existing system) 4311 - - 4311 Rice-Groundnut + Mushroom+ poultry 6557 6,060 4,305 16,922 Rice-Cowpea+ Mushroom+ poultry 7,662 6,060 4,305 18,027 Rice-Brinjal+ Mushroom+ poultry 11,122 6,060 4,305 21,487 Rice-Sunnhemp+ Mushroom+ poultry 4,993 6,060 4,305 15,358 (Manjunath , 2003)
- 22. Farming system RGEY (kg/ha) Costof production (Rs/ha) Gross return (Rs/ha) Net return (Rs/ha) Per day Return (Rs/ha) Cropping alone 12,222 24,922 61,112 36,190 167 Crop +fish + poultry 31,858 44,627 159,292 114,665 436 Crop + fish + pigeon 32,554 43,310 161,772 118,462 443 Crop + fish + goat 39,610 51,483 178,047 12,564 493 Productivity and economic analysis of different integrated farming systems (Jayanthi et al., 2003) Experiment undertaken at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu (low land)
- 23. Farming system CropPoultry Pigeon Fish Goat Total system employment generation Cropping alone 369 - - - - 369 Crop +fish + poultry 420 61 - 34 - 515 Crop + fish + pigeon 420 - 61 34 - 515 Crop + fish + goat 420 - - 34 122 575 Employment generation (man-days) (Jayanthi et al., 2003) Experiment undertaken at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu (low land)
- 24. crop+dairy+biogas+spawn+siliviculture in integratedfarming system
- 26. Income and expenditureof different integrated farming modules for small farmers S no . Treatment Expenditur e (Rs.) Gross income (Rs.) Net income (Rs.) B:C ratio Employme nt days 1 Crop (1.4 ha) 28925 47225 18300 1.63 385 2 Crop + 2 bullocks+3cows 39755 70800 31044 1.78 528 3 Crop +2 bullocks + 3 buffaloes 40559 83833 43273 2.07 528 4 Crop +2 bullocks + 1 cow + 2 buffaloes + 15 goats 43221 94325 51104 2.18 554 5 Crop +2 bullocks+ 1 cow + 2 buffaloes + 15 goats + 20 poultry + 20 ducks 46430 104887 58456 2.25 571 (Ramrao et al.,2005) Chhattisgarh plains
- 27. Cost return andemployment potential under different mixed farming (MF) system Farming system Expenditure Gross income (Rs. ha-1) Net returns (Rs. ha-1) Employment man days year-1 Arable MF with 2 cows MF with 2 buffalo MF with 2 cow + fish MF with 2 buffaloes +fish MF with 2 cows + 15 goats +10 poultry + 10 ducks + fish MF with 2 buffaloes +15 goats + 10 poultry + 10 ducks + fish 14,171 34,972 47,257 35,170 47,455 43,311 55,596 38,264 72,640 71,545 76,064 74,969 88,222 87,127 24,093 37,668 24,288 40,894 27,514 44,911 31,531 257 374 390 374 390 380 396 Tiwari et al. 1998MF= Mixed FarmingMadhya Pradesh
- 28. Income and employmentgeneration under different farming systems Farming system Human labour (MWDs) Net returns (Rs.) Additional employment over agriculture (MWDs) Additional net returns over agriculture (Rs.) Agriculture + dairy 521 35293 359 27842 Agriculture + poultry 528 26830 366 19379 Agriculture+ sheep rearing 486 14665 324 7214 Agriculture alone 162 7451 - - Radha et al. ( 2000)MWD: man working dayTelengana
- 29. Conclusion Efficient utilization ofscarce and costly resources is the need of the hour to make crop production a viable proposition in the present day competitive scenario. Following the concept of Integrated farming systems through supplementation of allied agro-enterprises by recycling the waste of one enterprise in another is a right step in this direction. It provides alternate and sustainable avocation to marginal and sub-marginal farmers. Fruit, mushroom, apiary, animal production and poultry have been more viable with them.
- 30. The crop residuesand biomass available in plenty in the crop production system need to be properly managed to harness full benefits. Improving the integrated approach not only enhances farm income but also overcomes environmental pollution. A better planning and utilization of the available resources will usher in bright prospects for the farm economy as a whole.