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Sustainable Building: EARTH 1
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The document discusses sustainable building practices, particularly focusing on using earth as a building material, including its various applications like rammed earth and adobe. It highlights the advantages of using loam, such as its energy efficiency and environmental benefits, while also acknowledging its disadvantages compared to industrial materials. Additionally, it addresses the importance of using appropriate stabilizers and methods for construction to enhance performance and sustainability.
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Sustainable Building: EARTH 1
- 1.
- 2. Qty Unit ItemParticulars 30sacks Screened High Clay Earth red 30sacks Screened High Clay Earth brown 10sacks plastering sand 3sacks whole straw 1sacks chopped straw 2sacks rice hull 2sacks CRH-carbonized rice hull 2sacks Portland Cement 1sack Ag. Lime 1sack builders lime hydrated-slaked 200liters water drum 2020 liter pails 22liter scoops 24liter pails 2pcs float plastic 2pcs Hawk wood 1pc brick form adobe 1pc Larry hoe with holes 3pcs trowel various 2pcs mixing tubs plastic 1liter tung oil 1liter slate sealant 2bowls ferrocement practice 1pc English hiking stick wood 4pcs sealed rock 2pcs 2'x4' forms 6pcs dowels/clamps/nuts 2pcs ends/keys 2pcs rams wood 1pc ram steel 2pcs bamboo 1set Strapping set stainless
- 3. Aloha Ranch and OrganicFarm An Eco Village Half way to the Underground River Aloha House An Orphanage on an Organic Farm Aloha Kitchen Artisan Farmstead Cheeses, Salsas, Jams and more 2 hectares 5 acres 13 rai 31 dou 7 hectares 17 acres 43 rai 108 dou
- 4. Aloha House Inc. Registeredwith SEC Non-profit, non-stock NGO Accredited by the DSWD Orphanage Christian Ministry Mother’s Program Train Progressive Organic Farmers
- 6. Earth as abuilding material comes in a thousand different compositions, and can be variously processed. Loam, or clayey soil, as it is referred to scientifically, has different names when used in various applications, for instance rammed earth, soil blocks, mud bricks or adobe.
- 7.
- 8. Mushroom Culture House Bench EH 3 TheNebraska House Tool shed Retaining walls EH 2 Charcoal kilns EH 1 Cow shed
- 9. Workshop 3-2-1 Hull/sand/stabilizer Native finish Acid Stainfinish 88watt bottle lights
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- 13. Sustainable Building: Rammed Earth The“secret” of loam lies in the lamellar structure of the various clay minerals and their internal electrical attraction, which is activated only by water and movement. This means that by kneading loam in a plastic state, the clay minerals are able to come together in a denser, parallel layered packing, achieving greater binding force, and when dry, higher tensile and compressive strength.
- 14. Thermal Bridging Heat sinkwalls Small overhang shade Inedible landscape Impermeable surfaces Venting ineffective
- 16. Benefits of SustainabilityPrinciples Reduced Energy Requirements Improved Indoor Environment Minimized Impact Of Material Use Reduced Water Requirements Reduced Impact On Site Improved Cycle Cost Improved Health, Performance And Productivity
- 17. LEED certification providesindependent verification of a building or neighborhood’s green features, allowing for the design, construction, operations and maintenance of resource-efficient, high-performing, healthy, cost-effective buildings. LEED is the triple bottom line in action, benefiting people, planet and profit. LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
- 18. Energy Design Strategies OptimizeSiting/Orientation East-West Access For Passive Solar Access Airflow Corridor Microclimates- berms, swales, extend season, watch thermal mass Reduce Size Insulation/Envelope Design Landscape Shade Minimize Plug Load
- 20. Part of yoursector analysis: PCMDP
- 22. Macarascas, Palawan Soil Audit:10% clay clay silt sand
- 23. In late 2013,the International Code Council (ICC) approved two new appendixes: one for straw bale construction (Appendix S) and one for light straw-clay construction (Appendix R). These appendixes are included in the 2015 Residential Code for one- and two-family dwellings. http://codes.iccsafe.org/app/book/content/2015-I-Codes/2015%20IRC%20HTML/Appendix%20S.html
- 25. Energy Audit Onsite materials Portland reduction Labor efficiency Fuel spent Resources wasted Trees eliminated Wildlife destroyed Electricity used Kilometers traveled
- 26. Sod House Onsite materials Portland reduction Labor efficiency Fuel spent Resources wasted Trees eliminated Wildlife destroyed Electricity used Kilometers traveled
- 31. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Willingness to ShareKnowledge Willingness to Share Knowledge Zero Knowledge Little Knowledge Some Knowledge Growing Knowledge “Advocacy” Mount Stupid Actual Experience and growing success
- 32.
- 33. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Willingness to ShareKnowledge Willingness to Share Knowledge Mount Stupid Actual Experience and growing success
- 34. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Willingness to ShareKnowledge Willingness to Share Knowledge Mount Stupid Actual Experience and growing success
- 35. Aloha Ranch Loam hasthree disadvantages when compared to common industrialized building materials: 1. Loam is not a standardized building material 2. Loam mixtures shrink when drying 3. Loam is not water- resistant Loam has many advantages in comparison to common industrial building materials: 1. Loam balances air humidity 2. Loam stores heat (or cold) 3. Loam saves energy and reduces environ- mental pollution 4. Loam is always reusable 5. Loam saves material and transportation costs 6. Loam is ideal for do-it- yourself construction 7. Loam preserves timber and other organic materials 8. Loam absorbs pollutants
- 36. Aloha Ranch Loam hasthree disadvantages when compared to common industrialized building materials: 1. Loam is not a standardized building material 2. Loam mixtures shrink when drying 3. Loam is not water- resistant Loam has many advantages in comparison to common industrial building materials: 1. Loam balances air humidity 2. Loam stores heat (or cold) 3. Loam saves energy and reduces environ- mental pollution 4. Loam is always reusable 5. Loam saves material and transportation costs 6. Loam is ideal for do-it- yourself construction 7. Loam preserves timber and other organic materials 8. Loam absorbs pollutants 4. Production order requires proper planning a. Curing/shrinkage/moisture b. Protection of surfaces c. Wall/column/roof assembly
- 37. “Plaster finish Normal limeplaster usually consists of 1 part hydraulic lime and 3 to 4 parts sand. Since it is commonly used in construction worldwide, it is not discussed further in this book.” Dr. Minke Gernot
- 39. Neil and Suhave so many projects going on right now. Neil calls it "project creep," where you start something small and end up with something unmanageable. They bought their house a few years ago and are doing massive renovations.
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- 43. Rammed earthen floor EH3 Troweled Oiled Waxed
- 44. Choosing the rightsteel for you depends on your purpose： Jigane is unfired forged iron. Whereas a hard carbon steel tends to slide over a plaster, "soft" jigane iron will push and pull material, making it excellent at distributing plaster on wall. By "soft", we refer to the quality of the steel, not the flexibility of the trowel. Because Jigane is a soft steel, Jigane trowels tend to be thick, stiff and heavy. Jigane is suitable for scratch and brown coats of earthen or lime plaster. Hanyaki is fired once after forging. Hanyaki is suitable for all coats, and can also be used for cement based plasters as well. Abarayaki is steel that is forged, coated with oil, and then fired twice. It is harder than hanyaki and suitable for compressing plaster for a glossy finish. Honyaki is made in a similar fashion to abarayaki, but is fired at a higher temperature. Being a very hard carbon steel, it is suitable for earthen or lime finish coats and cement based plasters. Stainless steel is the hardest steel but can be produced so thin as to be flexible as well. It is used to apply thin coats and to smooth trowels marks.
- 45. 3-2-1 3 rice hull 2sand 1 stabilizer
- 47. Gernot Minke Building withEarth Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf
- 51. Gernot Minke Building withEarth Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture
- 52. “With the technology,an average Nigerian can afford to build a house with 10 bags of cement, and with just 10 bags of cement, you easily get three-bedroom bungalows. “You use the old maiden earth, that is, the soil; you use a proportion of the soil with the cement, adding little amount of water under a prefabricated form. “With some timing and technical concentration, you erect a wall and after 24 hours, you remove the form and go to the next wall and do the same,’’ he said.
- 53. Dango: hikaru dorodango by Kyle Holzhueter The art of polished clay balls, known as hikaru nendo dango or hikaru doro dango in Japanese, first began in Japan in the 1980’s. Shinkichi Enomoto-san, a renowned plasterer in Tokyo famous for his modern Otsu finish (polished earth-lime plaster), is held as the originator of polished clay balls. Due to its simple and beautiful nature, the art of polishing clay balls is becoming popular throughout the world.
- 54. Dango: hikaru dorodango
- 55. Dango: hikaru dorodango
- 56. Dango: hikaru dorodango 1 6 8 2 3 1. Hydrate 2. Form 3. Rest 4. Reshape 5. Rest 6. Compress 7. Rest 8. Polish 4
- 58. Tadelakt, freely translated,means "to rub in". The specific Stone-effect is attained by polishing the lime plaster with a stone.
- 59. Earth Terms Loam asit is referred to scientifically, (clayey soil) has different names when used in various applications, for instance rammed earth, soil blocks, mud bricks or adobe.
- 60. Macarascas, Palawan Soil Audit:10% clay clay silt sand
- 61.
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- 65. The results showthat over 90 % of the variation in stabilised strength and density of the samples is due to variation in soil properties, with differences in stabiliser type or stabiliser quantity being relatively minor. The most important soil properties explaining stabilised strength are linear shrinkage and plasticity index. These properties have been used to categorise the soils into three groups on the basis of their suitability for stabilisation as measured against a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa. Favourable soils have shrinkages of < 7.1 % and plasticities of < 16 %, and 90 % of these samples passed the 2 MPa criterion. Satisfactory soils have shrinkages of 7.1-13.0 % and plasticities of 16-30 %, and 65 % of these samples had strengths in excess of 2 MPa. Unfavourable soils have shrinkages of > 13 % and plasticities of > 30 %, and only 10 % of these samples exceeded the 2 MPa value. https://sites.google.com/site/researchterra/research/australia Quantitative criteria for the selection and stabilisation of soils for rammed earth wall construction A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of the Built Environment University of New South Wales by Van Stephan Burroughs https://sites.google.com/site/researchterra/research/australia
- 66. Stabilisation techniques canbe categorised into three main groups: compaction (densification), granular stabilisation, and chemical stabilisation. 1. Compaction, or densification, involves compacting the soil either manually or mechanically to increase its density and strength. Compaction may be the single stabilisation method, or used with either granular and/or chemical stabilisation. 2. Granular stabilisation is the mechanical combination of two or more materials (or soils) possessing complementary physical characteristics (e.g. particle size distribution) in order to produce a material that is more favourable for construction. 3. Chemical stabilisation is the addition of a chemical, such as lime or portland cement, to a soil in small quantities and the resulting chemical reactions produce a material with increased strength and improvements in other properties such as plasticity and shrinkage (e.g. Croft, 1968).
- 67. Quantitative criteria forthe selection and stabilisation of soils for rammed earth wall construction A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of the Built Environment University of New South Wales by Van Stephan Burroughs https://sites.google.com/site/researchterra/research/australia
- 68. 3-2-1 Road 3 ricehull 2 sand 1 stabilizer
- 69. Non-structural infill walls 3-2-1 3rice hull 2 sand 1 stabilizer
- 71. Non-structural High Rliving roof 3-2-1 3 rice hull 2 sandy clay 1 stabilizer
- 73.
- 74. PTO drive producingstored air at 150 psi Backfill Tamper: American Pneumatic model #131 38 CFM @ 90psi
- 75.
- 76. Earth Terms Adobe Blocks of earth(loam) produced manually by throwing wet earth into a formwork are called adobes or mud bricks or sun- dried earth blocks. Also can be used to plaster or Wattle and daub
- 77.
- 79. Cob: Chopped strawand earth “The word cob comes from an old English root meaning a lump or rounded mass. Cob building uses hands and feet to form lumps of earth mixed with sand and straw.”
- 80. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 81.
- 82. Earth Terms Soil Blocks arecompressed unbaked bricks Gernot Minke Building with Earth Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture https://ia700503.us.archive.org/11/items/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth/Gernot_Minke-Building_With_Earth.pdf
- 83. Earth Terms Stabilized Soil Blocks are compressed unbakedbricks w/ Portland etc.
- 84.
- 85. Compressed stabilized soilblocks Sand, Portland and limestone
- 86. Compressed stabilized soilblocks Sand, Portland and limestone
- 87. Compressed stabilized soilblocks Sand, Portland and limestone
- 88. Compressed stabilized soilblocks Sand, Portland and limestone
- 89. Compressed stabilized soilblocks Sand, Portland and limestone
- 90. Earth Terms Stabilized Rammed Soil Blocks arecompressed unbaked bricks that use a stabilizer (hydrated lime, Portland etc.)
- 91. Rammed Earth inthe UK
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- 100.
- 101. Earth Terms Stabilized RammedEarth Walls are compressed walls that use loam and a stabilizer (hydrated lime, Portland etc.) The French call rammed earth construction pisé de terre.
- 102. High labor costs Multiplehandling of materials High material costs Trucked into site from quarry High embedded energy Carbon intensive production High heat gain High U value Rammed Earth Vs. Hollow block Lower labor costs Efficient use of materials Lower material costs Local materials, on site Low embedded energy Stores more carbon than produced No solar gain High R value
- 103. High labor costs Multiplehandling of materials Foot mixing Material is blended manually Advanced lead time Bricks must be cured and load bearing Additional grout required for building Rammed Earth Vs. Adobe Brick Lower labor costs Efficient use of materials Single handling Mixer is used No lead time for curing Forms are moved immediately Stronger/longer lasting Monolithic pour
- 105. The laundry listof volatile chemicals used in tires is alarming: · Benzene inhalation causes cancer · Toluene inhalation causes cognitive disfunction · Arsenic inhalation causes organ failure · Acetone inhalation causes irritation of the throat and lung plus heavy metals that include · Nickel inhalation causes sinusitis and cancer · Copper inhalation causes nausea and suppressed liver function · Cadmium inhalation causes kidney disease and an increased frequency of kidney stone formation Organic compounds in tires break down more quickly than the vulcanized rubber. Criteria which determine breakdown rate include: heating, friction (from movement), water trapping and freezing, and evaporation of plasticizers.
- 106. STABILIZED RAMMED EARTH Alightweight husk loam for Rural Housing With a high Insulative rating for tropical conditions
- 107.
- 108. Earth Terms Rammed “Tamped”Earth walls - compacted within a formwork
- 109. 1 Binder 2 sandysoil 3 Ricehull 5-10 liters water Or 2 sand (stronger)
- 110. Australia has thepotential to produce over a million tons of rice annually, and our rice farmers have shown themselves to be very efficient in its cultivation, using 50 per cent less water for the crop than the global average. Rice needs to be hulled to remove the outer husk from the eatable inner grain. The waste generated in the process is significant - it has been calculated that in excess of 100,000,000 metric tons of rice hulls are created globally.
- 111. These little shells,which make up approximately 20 per cent of the weight of harvested rice, have shown themselves to have rather remarkable properties. They are considered to be naturally flame retardant, requiring no chemical additives to provide their self extinguishing characteristics, partly due to their high silica content. They resist the growth of fungi and mould. In the USA, rice husks have been classified as Class A insulation material for their high thermal resistance value.
- 112. Binder - termitebarrier 10 liters CRH/RHA 10 liters agri lime stone 20 liters Portland cement
- 113. Binder - termitebarrier 10 liters CRH/RHA/ STICKYRICE 10 liters agri lime stone 20 liters Portland cement 'The inorganic component is calcium carbonate, and the organic component is amylopectin, which comes from the sticky rice soup added to the mortar. Moreover, we found that amylopectin in the mortar acted as an inhibitor: The growth of the calcium carbonate crystal was controlled, and a compact microstructure was produced, which should be the cause of the good performance of this kind of organic-organic mortar.' https://home-building.wonderhowto.com/news/secret-ingredient-indestructible-1-500-year-old-chinese-architecture-0116678/
- 114. Binder - termitebarrier 10 liters CRH/RHA/ STICKYRICE 10 liters agri lime stone 20 liters Portland cement 'The inorganic component is calcium carbonate, and the organic component is amylopectin, which comes from the sticky rice soup added to the mortar. Moreover, we found that amylopectin in the mortar acted as an inhibitor: The growth of the calcium carbonate crystal was controlled, and a compact microstructure was produced, which should be the cause of the good performance of this kind of organic-organic mortar.' https://home-building.wonderhowto.com/news/secret-ingredient-indestructible-1-500-year-old-chinese-architecture-0116678/ amylopectin, a type of polysaccharide http://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2050-7445-1-26
- 115. Excavated on sitesandy soil Local Rice hull Carbonized Rice hull /ASH Stabilized Rammed Earth wall materials Light weight loam <600 kg/m3
- 116. Hybrid Earthen Homes SoilAudit: 10% clay EH 3 clay silt sand Experimental Mix 2 parts subsoil
- 119. Local Rice hull Lightweight loam <600 kg/m3 RHA: Rice Hull ASH
- 120. Spanish barro apisonadoor tapial German Stampflehmbau French terre pisé Rammed Earth-Minke Moist soil is poured into formwork in layers up to 15 cm thick and then compacted by ramming
- 121. Loam is amixture of clay, silt and sand, and sometimes contains larger aggregates like gravel and stones.
- 122. A solid wallof rammed earth without straw or other light aggregates has nearly the same insulating effect as a solid wall of baked bricks.
- 123. A solid wallof rammed earth without straw or other light aggregates has nearly the same insulating effect as a solid wall of baked bricks. -Minke The lighter the material, the higher its thermal insulation. The greater its humidity level, the lower its insulating effect. -Minke
- 124. In comparison withwet loam techniques (see chapter 9), the shrinkage ratio of rammed earth is much lower, and strength much higher. In comparison with adobe masonry (see chapter 6), rammed earth – since it is monolithic – provides the advantage of longer life. -Minke
- 125. Earth, when usedas a building material, is often given different names. Referred to in scientific terms as loam, it is a mixture of clay, silt (very fine sand), sand, and occasionally larger aggregates such as gravel or stones. -Minke
- 126. When speaking ofhandmade unbaked bricks, the terms ”mud bricks” or “adobes” are usually employed for earth; when speaking of compressed unbaked bricks, the term ”soil blocks” is used. When compacted within a formwork, it is called ”rammed earth”. -Minke
- 127. Some Earth BuildingOptions Wattle and daub Rammed Earth Adobe Cob Soil blocks
- 128. 2 Basic RammedEarth Types Light weight loam • Manually tamped • Contains organic matter (Hull) • Usually stabilized • Usually plaster finished Simulated Sandstone • Machine tamped • Stabilizer optional • Usually unfinished
- 129. Rammed cow shedwith ends protected by wood
- 130. Is this wallFinished? How? Rammed earth? Is this wall Structural?
- 131.
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- 134. Rammed stabilized lightweightloam wall
- 135. Rammed Earth Next HybridEarthen Home Building Course January 2015 Aloha Ranch Earthquake and typhoon resistant Homes
- 136. Rammed Earth Hybrid EarthenHome Building Course November 2014 Aloha Ranch
- 137. Rammed Earth Hybrid EarthenHome Building Course November 2014 Aloha Ranch
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- 150. High R valueinsulation [Low U value] R value measures thermal resistance
- 151.
- 152. Mushroom Culture House Bench EH 3 TheNebraska House Tool shed Retaining walls EH 2 Charcoal kilns EH 1
- 154. In late 2013,the International Code Council (ICC) approved two new appendixes: one for straw bale construction (Appendix S) and one for light straw-clay construction (Appendix R). These appendixes are included in the 2015 Residential Code for one- and two-family dwellings. http://codes.iccsafe.org/app/book/content/2015-I-Codes/2015%20IRC%20HTML/Appendix%20S.html
- 155. The Keyline Scaleof Permanence: 1. Climate 2. Land Shape 3. Water 4. Roads 5. Trees 6. Buildings 7. Subdivision 8. Soil KEYLINE DESIGN Mark IV ‘Soil, Water & Carbon for Every Farm’ Building Soils, Harvesting Rainwater, Storing Carbon Abe Collins & Darren J. Doherty
- 156.
- 157. Rammed stabilized lightweightloam wall
- 158. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 159. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 160. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 161. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 162. Cob: Chopped strawand earth
- 163.
- 164. The anxiety thatmice or insects might live in earth walls is unfounded when these are solid. Insects can survive only provided there are gaps, as in “wattle-and-daub” walls. In South America, the Chagas disease, which leads to blindness, comes from insects that live in wattle-and-daub walls. Gaps can be avoided by constructing walls of rammed earth or mud bricks with totally filled mud mortar joints. Moreover, if the earth contains too many organic additives, as in the case of lightweight straw clay, with a density of less than 600 kg/m3, small insects such as wood lice can live in the straw and attack it. Common perceptions that loam surfaces are difficult to clean (especially in kitchens and bathrooms) can be dealt with by painting them with casein/lime, linseed oil or other coatings, which makes them non- abrasive. As explained on p. 132, bathrooms with earth walls are more hygienic than those with glazed tiles, since earth absorbs high humidity quickly, thereby inhibiting fungus growth. Gernot Minke Building with Earth Pg 16
- 165. The anxiety thatmice or insects might live in earth walls is unfounded when these are solid. Insects can survive only provided there are gaps, as in “wattle-and-daub” walls. In South America, the Chagas disease, which leads to blindness, comes from insects that live in wattle-and-daub walls. Gaps can be avoided by constructing walls of rammed earth or mud bricks with totally filled mud mortar joints. Gernot Minke Building with Earth Pg 16 Martin Shkreli, the hedge-fund manager who became notorious for buying the rights to critical anti-parasite drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS patients and then jacking up the price by 5000% (from $13.50 to $750!) has found himself himself arrested by federal authorities for securities fraud. He recently acquired KaloBios Pharmaceuticals and is planning to raise the price of courses of benznidazole, used to treat a disease in Latin America known as “Chagas,” from $100 to $100,000
- 166. Sicsican mud house MarcusSwanepole Wattle and daub
- 167. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 168. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 169. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 170. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 171. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 172. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 173. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 174. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 175. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 176. Sicsican mud house Wattleand daub
- 177. Evaluating Earthen Structures Wattleand daub Score card- critical and financial considerations Material sources _______________ On-site – labor cost Local – delivery cost Trucked – delivery cost Plinth height __________________ Plinth width__________________ Lintel height __________________ Window Tie beam Wall thickness width____________ Wall height ____________________ Structural support Wall only h:w _____________ Columns Material Clay Sand Lignin Stabilizer Finish Plaster Painted clay Raw Roof material____________________ Roof overhang _______ Roof overhang ratio RO:WH _______ Roof slope ____________
- 178. Stacked shuttering U-shaped wallin greenhouse
- 179. Hybrid Earthen Homes U-shapedwall in greenhouse Ring beam next
- 180. U-shaped wall ingreenhouse
- 181. U-shaped wall ingreenhouse
- 182. Formwork slides upfor Second layer on First layer
- 183.
- 185. 7m 5.2m 2.4m 2.7m h = (√3)s4.6m d = 2s 5.2m a = (1.5√3)s² 19m2 206 sq ft. p = 6s Similarly, s = h/(√3) d = 2h/(√3) 19m2
- 186. Hybrid Earthen Homes Masterpattern 6 Columns 1 meter floor extention
- 187. 20cm 86 cm Hybrid EarthenHomes Master pattern Column detailColumn strap detail 30cm 3 straps Below floor Dowels connect Below floor
- 188. Hybrid Earthen Homes Markingfootings
- 189. Hybrid Earthen Homes Oneman bagging with tubular bag holder
- 190. Two men baggingwith human bag holder
- 191. Hybrid Earthen Homes Readyfor footings Hybrid Earthen Homes Holes 80cm x 80cm x 25cm steel 80cm x 80cm x 10mm
- 192. Hybrid Earthen Homes Diggingfootings Bagging excavated loam for rammed earth wall One man bagging with tubular bag holder
- 193.
- 194. Hybrid Earthen Homes Footingpad, dowels and column ready Footing hole 80cm x 80cm x 25cm 8mm 70cm x 70cm steel bar
- 195. Hybrid Earthen Homes Footingpad poured and plinth next, column ready
- 196. Plinth w/concrete, steeland rock infill
- 197. Hybrid Earthen Homes Columnform detail 20cm 30cm Steel strap Wood form with key 30cm 40cm 2”x4” key Finished column Ready for ramming
- 198. Hybrid Earthen Homes Columnform detail Wood form with key 2”x4” dovetail key Wing nut
- 200. Hybrid Earthen Homes Columnform detail Column and rammed wall locked with key
- 201. First layer onplinth
- 202. First layer onplinth Slotted angle bar guides
- 203. Column key First layeron plinth Slotted angle bar guides
- 204. Column key First layeron plinth Slotted angle bar guides Formwork slides up for Second layer on First layer
- 205. Formwork slides upfor Second layer on First layer
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- 209. Hybrid Earthen Homes Improvedformwork w/backsplash
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- 213. Hybrid Earthen Homes Mustroof after final ram
- 214. Hybrid Earthen Homes Rainyseason may require temporary roof
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- 217. Hybrid Earthen Homes TheMiller Bench
- 218.
- 219. Hybrid Earthen Home and AquaponicGreenhouse
- 220. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Jalousie window Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 221. Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 222. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 223. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 224. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 225. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 226. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Removed Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 227. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Removed Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 228. Hybrid Earthen Homes Window Mold Removed Lentil / tiebeam considerations
- 229.
- 230. Hybrid Earthen Homes 1/2 height 14cmthick wall 6 mixers rammed lightweight loam Lentil / tie beam considerations
- 231.
- 232. Interior wall 1 lime 3fine sand ½ clay
- 233. Stay within apallet range you like Finishing Options Raw Plaster Clay paints Binders
- 234.
- 235. Raw poured earth FinishingOptions Raw Plaster Clay paints Binders
- 236.
- 237.
- 238. Earth Paint 1. Bring20 liters water to boil before mixing starch 2. Mix/dissolve 1 kg. Cassava starch w/ 1 liter cool water 3. Pour #1 into #2 and then remove from heat 3. Mix 1 part Clay and 3 parts Sand then add #3 ThaiMudBrick.DAT 11:57
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- 241. Hydrated or ‘bag’lime This is the lime generally available in agricultural and builders merchants. It is a non-hydraulic lime produced by slaking Quicklime with a shortfall of water which results in a powder. It is generally considered to be an inferior product to the fat lime putty described above for a number of reasons but primarily because it starts to degrade from the moment it is made and can actually fully carbonate in the bag before use. Widespread use of ‘bag’ lime has given ‘lime’ a poor name because of the instances where it simply has none of its original properties left by the time the end-user works with it, hence it fails, dusts etc. If ‘bag’ lime is the only option, then it should be purchased as fresh as possible and left to soak for two days in clean water. Although the resulting product is chemically the same as ‘fat’ lime putty, it is physically different, in particular, it is less ‘sticky’. A cement mix with a shovel of hydrated/bag lime in it is not a lime mortar, in this instance, the lime is simply being used as a plasticiser. https://www.lime.org.uk/community/types-of-lime/types-of-lime.html
- 242. Slaked/High Calcium/Putty/Air/‘Fat’ orNon-Hydraulic Lime This lime is produced by slaking fresh Quicklime in an excess of water. It is also known as non-hydraulic lime because it requires exposure to air in order to carbonate and does not set under water. This lime is regarded as the most appropriate lime for old buildings or ‘softer’ substrates where maximum permeability, capillarity and flexibility is required. Premixed ‘wet’ products are made from lime putty with the addition of an aggregate (or alternative) and/or fibre https://www.lime.org.uk/community/types-of-lime/types-of-lime.html
- 243. Natural Hydraulic Lime(NHL) This ‘hydrated’ lime is different to the ‘bag’ lime as it is produced from limestone naturally containing clay and other impurities which enable it to set without exposure to air; it is therefore used for providing a faster initial set in more extreme conditions including under water. There are many types of hydraulic lime and they are categorised according to the following (NHL - Naturally Hydraulic Lime): Feebly hydraulic lime (NHL 2) – contains less than 12% clay which means it is slower to set (about 20 days in water); Moderately hydraulic lime (NHL3.5) – contains 12%-18% clay which gives a slightly faster set (15-20 days in water); Eminently hydraulic lime (NHL5) – has up to 25% clay content which means that a much faster set is achieved (hours/days). These limes have become increasingly popular over the last decade because of their comparative ‘ease of use’ and ‘strength’, compared to fat lime products, but see Choosing Lime for ‘trade-off’ chart. It is important to understand the building, Its location and construction materials to provide an informed specification for which lime to choose. https://www.lime.org.uk/community/types-of-lime/types-of-lime.html
- 244. https://www.lime.org.uk/community/types-of-lime/types-of-lime.html Hydraulic Lime (HL) Thesecontain lime and other materials such as cement, blast-furnace slag, fly ash and limestone filler. Manufacturers are not required to state the composition of hydraulic lime. Formulated Lime (FL) These contain lime with hydraulic properties comprising air lime and/or NHL with added hydraulic and/or pozzolanic material – classified according to its compressive strength. Natural/Roman cement Natural or ‘Roman’ cement was extensively used in the 19th century (nothing to do with the Romans). It is based on a naturally occurring limestone containing clay and unlike the fat lime products above, was not slaked, just ground. This product comes from a single, naturally occurring mineral, unlike Portland cement which consists of ingredients blended together. It was appreciated for four main reasons: fast set, strength, aesthetics and durability. It was patented in 1796 and used for run moulding, precast moulds, artificial stone, stonework joints (especially canals), floors (terrazzo) and fresh plaster sculpting. It is still available today, ‘Prompt’ is an example. Pozzolans Pozzolans are ‘heated’ materials such as brickdust, GGBFS (Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag), Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), Calcined Clay; that contain silica, alumina and iron which become reactive towards alkalis including lime. They help to give a fat lime mortar a ‘faster’ set (essentially creating an ‘artificial’ hydraulic lime) and are therefore helpful in many situations to broaden the applications for fat limes. It is believed that many historic mortars were ‘fat’ or ‘non-hydraulic’ as those that have been analysed contained these ‘heated material’ which changed the performance of the mortar.
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- 246. Hybrid Earthen Homes Breathable? Plaster Primer 1part whey or powdered milk and 1 part hydrated lime Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes then add 2 parts water run for 2 more minutes Lime, together with casein, forms a chemical waterproofing agent called calcium ALBUMINATE.
- 247. Hybrid Earthen Homes Plaster Preparation Whey, limeand sand The lime has to be first intensively mixed into the whey to form a creamy paste without adding any water. After allowing the mix to rest for a while, water and sand should be added. For a thinner plaster that can be brushed on, with the proportion 1:6:25 In warm climates, some kitchen salt should be added to keep the lime plaster moist for a longer period, which improves curing.
- 248. Water Proof BreathableColored Plaster 1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts hydrated lime Machine Mix Set drill press to Lowest speed with 5 ½ ” boat prop 1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes
- 249. Hybrid Earthen Homes Water Proof BreathableColored Plaster 1 part whey to 1 part hydrated lime Machine Mix 2 minutes then stand 5 minutes then add 1 part clay for color, 3 parts sand for texture and 4 parts water
- 250. Full height 14cm thickwall 12 mixers rammed lightweight loam Whey/ lime primer
- 251. ½ height 14cm thickwall 6 mixers rammed lightweight loam Whey/ lime clay and sand finish Coat 1
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- 264. ALOHA RANCH Score card-critical and financial considerations Material sources _______________ On-site – labor cost Local – delivery cost Trucked – delivery cost Plinth height __________________ Plinth width__________________ Lintel height __________________ Window Tie beam Wall thickness width____________ Wall height ____________________ Structural support Wall only h:w _____________ Columns h:w _____________ Material Clay Sand Lignin Stabilizer Finish Plaster Painted clay Raw Roof material____________________ Roof overhang _______ Roof overhang ratio RO:WH _______ Roof slope ____________
- 265. 🇵🇭 4 1 2 35 Zone planning forefficient use
- 266. 🇵🇭 4 1 2 3 5 Zone planning forefficient use
- 267. 🇵🇭 4 1 2 5 Zone planning forefficient use 3
- 268. 4 5 Zone planning forefficient use 2 3 1 🇵🇭
- 269. 🐆 🐃 🐌 🌳 🌱 🌴 🌼 🍍 🌷 🇵🇭 🐜 🌵 🐈 🐿 🐂🐐 🌿 🌲🍒 🍓🌾 🐟🐓 🐛 🐝 🐞 🐿 🍁🍂 🐿 🐿 🐓 🍋 🌾 🌾 🌾 🌾 Zone planning for efficient use