Sustainable transport development_hk
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Hong Kong has developed a highly efficient and sustainable multi-modal transport system through private sector participation, user-pay principles, and inter-modal coordination. Key aspects include heavy investment in rail infrastructure, an extensive franchised bus network, congestion control measures like road pricing, and promotion of public transit through the Octopus card system. However, with rapid motorization, Hong Kong faces ongoing challenges in managing congestion, improving air quality, and accommodating additional transport needs in its compact, dense urban environment.
Sustainable transport development_hk
- 1. Sustainable Transport Development Hong Kong Experience Dr Dorothy Chan, FCILT President The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport
- 2. The Chartered Institutes of Logistics and Transport First choice of professional body 32 countries/regions Over 32,000 members Professional training Experience sharing Advance & promote the Art and Science of Supply Chain, Logistics and Transport 2
- 3. Hong Kong SAR Area: 1 104 km2 Population: 7.2 million 6,540 people per km 3
- 4. Some Statistics (as at the end of 2013) 4 Population (million) 7.2 Rail Length (km) 218 Road Length (km) 2,093 Total Vehicle Fleet 680,914 Private Car Fleet 475,752 Private Car per 1,000 population 66 Vehicle Density (vehicle/km) 325
- 5. 5 Transport Policy “Keeping Hong Kong Moving” May 1979 • Improvement of the road system; • Expansion and improvement of public transport; and • More economic use of the road system
- 6. Hong Kong’s Experience Private sector participation No direct subsidy User pay Compete for market share Reasonable return Inter-modal co-ordination 6
- 7. Multi-Modal Transport System 7 Mass Transit Railway Kowloon Canton Railway Light Rail Transit Franchised Bus (5700+) Tram (161 tram cars) Ferry Taxi (18000+) Public Light Bus (4350) Merged in 2007 as MTRCL
- 8. Market Share of Public Transport System (as at the end of 2013) 8 Franchised Bus 31.6% Others 3% Taxi 8.2% Peak Tram 0.1% Tram 1.6% PLB 15.1% Ferry 1.1% Railway 39.3% Total daily ridership: 12 million trips
- 9. Increase market share 39% to 43% Expanding Railway Network Make railways as the backbone of passenger transport system 9
- 10. 10 Rail Projects under Planning
- 11. Bus Franchise • No. of franchise operators : 4 • No. of franchised buses : 5,791 • Daily passengers : 3.9 million • 10 year franchise, extended every 5 years 11
- 12. 12 • Constitute over 90% of passenger trips • R+P model • An efficient system without direct subsidy (except ferry) • Over 12 million trips a day Importance of Public Transport
- 13. 13 Octopus • 22 millions cards in circulation • 12 million transactions a day
- 14. 14 Private Car Control Measures • Taxation • Annual license fees • 66 private cars per thousand population
- 15. 15 Urban Mobility Ranking – UITP 2014 2014 Ranking Cities 1 Hong Kong 2 Stockholm 3 Amsterdam 4 Copenhagen 5 Vienna 6 Singapore 7 Paris 8 Zurich 9 London 9 Helsinki 11 Munich Source: The Future of Urban Mobility 2.0, January 2014, pp. 16
- 16. Total Greenhouse Gas Emission in Hong Kong 2011 18% Transport 16% Waste and Others 66% Electricity 16
- 17. To improve roadside emissions • Switching diesel taxis to LPG • EURO V for diesel buses • Financial assistance to phase out Pre-EURO IV commercial vehicles 17
- 18. Pilot Green Transport Fund • Green Transport Fund: HK$300 million budget • Supports the testing of green and innovative technologies for better air quality • Eligibility : existing transport operators • Only subsidizes the capital cost of the hardware of the trial products 18
- 19. Cities in China • Rapid urban growth • 1 million cars in 1994 to 33 million in 2008 • Serious traffic conjestion • Bus speeds fell by 60% • Bus punctuality fell by 88% 19
- 20. Challenges • Increase in private vehicles • Incomplete transport network • Congestion • Developing an integrated transport system • Accessibility • Urban mobility 20
- 21. Hong Kong Urban Environment • Compact building • High urban density • Narrow streets 21
- 22. Sub-Tropical Climate Zone • Hong Kong is situated in the sub- tropical climatic zone with hot and humid summers • Maximum day time temperature greater than 33°C • Minimum night time temperature greater than 28°C • Hong Kong is suffering from Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect 22
- 23. Strategic Planning Actions • Air paths/breezeways and low rise • Greenery, tree planting on streets and open areas • Additional development not allowed unless with mitigation measures Reducing ground coverage Maintain existing air path, introduce new ones Position buildings to align with prevailing wind directions Maximizing greening 23
- 24. 24 Electric Vehicles • 309 electric private cars • 28 electric motorcycles • 24 electric light goods vehicles • 4 electric light buses • 3 electric buses • 2 electric medium goods vehicles • 14 electric taxi Total : 384 EVs
- 25. HOW LOW CAN WE GO?
- 26. Our Common Goal: SMILE 26 Sustainable Development Mobility Innovation Lifestyle Environment