Tangram: Distributed Scheduling Framework for Apache Spark at Facebook
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Tangram is a distributed scheduling framework developed by Facebook for managing various batch workloads in Apache Spark, emphasizing efficient resource management and scalability. It supports diverse scheduling policies for different job types, focusing on hierarchical queue structures and resource allocation constraints. Future enhancements include integrating mixed workloads under a single resource manager and optimizing resource utilization through automatic tuning.
![Resource Allocation
• Fine-grained resource specification:
– {cpuMilliCores: 3000, memoryBytes: 200GB}
• Constraints:
– “dataCenter = dc1 & type in [1,2] & kernelVersion > 4.10”
• Job Affinity:
– inSameDatacenter
14#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/023016ruijianhaolin-190509172856/85/Tangram-Distributed-Scheduling-Framework-for-Apache-Spark-at-Facebook-14-320.jpg)
Tangram: Distributed Scheduling Framework for Apache Spark at Facebook
- 1. WIFI SSID:SparkAISummit | Password: UnifiedAnalytics
- 2. Rui Jian, Hao Lin, Facebook Inc. [email protected], [email protected] Tangram: Distributed Scheduling Framework for Apache Spark at Facebook #UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 3. About Us • Rui Jian – Software Engineer at Facebook (Data Warehouse & Graph Indexing) – Master of Computer Science (Shanghai Jiao Tong university) • Hao Lin – Research scientist at Facebook (Data Warehouse Batch Scheduling) – PhD in Parallel Computing (Purdue ECE) 3#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 4. Agenda • Overview • Tangram Architecture • Scheduling Policies & Resource Allocation • Future work 4#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 5. What is Tangram? The scheduling platform for • reliably running various batch workloads • with efficient heterogenous resource management • at scale 5#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 6. Tangram Scheduling Targets • Single jobs: adhoc/periodic • Batch jobs: adhoc/periodic, malleable • Gang jobs: adhoc/periodic, rigid • Long-running jobs: steady and regular; e.g. online training 6#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 7. Why Tangram? • Various workload characteristics – ML – Apache Spark – Apache Giraph – Single jobs • Customized scheduling policies • Scalability – Fleet size: hundreds of thousands worker nodes – Job scheduling throughput: hundreds of millions jobs per day 7#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 8. Overview • What is Tangram? 8#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Admin Job Manager DB ML Resource Manager Master Agent AgentAgent Single Job Gang Job ML Elastic Scheduler 1 2 3 4 5 6 SQL query Giraph Spark
- 9. Client Library 9#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit • Job management • Request/Release resources • Resource grant • Preemption notification • Launch containers • Container status change event Tangram client Resource Manager Agent Application 1 2 3 4 5 6
- 10. Agent • Report schedulable resources and runtime usage • Health check reports • Detect labels • Launch/Kill Containers • Container recovery • Resource isolation with cgroup v2 10#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 11. Failure Recovery • Agent failure – Scan the recovery directory and recover the running containers • RM failure – Both agent and client hold off communication to the RM until the new master shows up – Client sync session info to the new master to help it build the states – Agents add them to the new master 11#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 12. Scheduling Policies • Hierarchical queue structure • Jobs to be queued on leaves • Queue configs: – min/max resources – Policy: • FIFO • Dominant Resource Fairness (DRF) • User fairness • Global • … 12#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit / ads feed pipelines interactive Job DRF DRF DRF User FairnessFIFO 20%80% 50% 50% user1 user2 50% 50% FIFO FIFO Job Job Job
- 13. Scheduling Policies • Jobs ordered by priority, submission time within queue • Gang job as first class in scheduling and resource allocation • Lookahead scheduling for better throughput and utilization • Job starvation prevention 13#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Gang 200 Gang 20 Single Gang 4 Single
- 14. Resource Allocation • Fine-grained resource specification: – {cpuMilliCores: 3000, memoryBytes: 200GB} • Constraints: – “dataCenter = dc1 & type in [1,2] & kernelVersion > 4.10” • Job Affinity: – inSameDatacenter 14#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 15. Resource Allocation 15#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Prefetched Host Cache • Bypass the steps of host filtering and scoring • Speedup allocation process Host Filtering • Hard & Soft constraints • Resource constraint • Label constraint • Job affinity Host Scoring and Ordering • Packing efficiency • Host healthiness • Data locality Commit Allocation • Book keeping resources • Update cluster & queue parameters
- 16. Constraint-based Scheduling • Machine type • Datacenter • Region • CPU architecture • Host prefix • … 16#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Merged host pool - type 1 & 2 Job Job Job Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 Labeled with {”type”:”2”} Labeled with {”type”:”1”} Job Job Job constraint: type=2 Job constraint: type=1 Queue
- 17. Preemption • Guarantee resource availability SLO within and across queues • Identify the starving jobs and overallocated jobs • Minimize preemption cost: two-phase protocol – Only candidates appearing in both phases will be preempted – Resource Manager notifies client with preemption intent s.t. necessary action can be taken, e.g. checkpointing 17#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 18. Cross Datacenter Scheduling • The growing demand of computation and storage for Hive tables spans across data centers • Stranded capacity with imbalanced load • Poor data locality and waste of network bandwidth • Slow reaction to recover from crisis and disaster 18#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
- 19. Cross Datacenter Scheduling • Dispatcher Proxy – Monitors resource consumption across data centers – Decides the Resource Manager for scheduling jobs – Provides location hints to the Resource Manager for enforcement • Planner – Decides where the data will be replaced based on utilization and available resources 19#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2 Datacenter 3 Resource Manager 1 Resource Manager 2 Dispatcher Job
- 20. Cross Datacenter Scheduling • Dispatcher Proxy – Monitors resource consumption across data centers – Decides the Resource Manager for scheduling jobs – Provides location hints to the Resource Manager for enforcement • Planner – Decides where the data will be replaced based on utilization and available resources 20#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2 Datacenter 3 Resource Manager 1 Resource Manager 2 Dispatcher Job Job constraint: datacenter=1
- 21. Cross Datacenter Scheduling • Dispatcher Proxy – Monitors resource consumption across data centers – Decides the Resource Manager for scheduling jobs – Provides location hints to the Resource Manager for enforcement • Planner – Decides where the data will be replaced based on utilization and available resources 21#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2 Datacenter 3 Resource Manager 1 Resource Manager 2 Dispatcher Job Job constraint: datacenter=1 Table DataTable Data
- 22. Future Work • Mix workloads managed by one resource manager • Run batch workloads with off-peak resources from online services • Automatic resource tuning for high utilization • We’re hiring! Contact: [email protected] 22#UnifiedAnalytics #SparkAISummit
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