Tcp
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TCP/IP has 4 layers instead of OSI's 7 layers, but indirectly includes 5 layers. The layers are application, transmission, network, and host-to-network. While TCP/IP and OSI have similar functionality, TCP/IP includes sub-protocols like TCP, UDP, and SCTP to transmit data more efficiently between layers. Protocols like ARP, RARP, ICMP, and IGMP operate at the network layer and help devices resolve addresses, control messages, and send messages to multiple devices.
Tcp
- 2. TCP/IP- Transmission control Protocol - Internet Protocol
- 3. INTRODUCTION Based on the OSI model, TCP/IP has been developed. There is no difference between TCP/IP & OSI except in structure or design. OSI has 7 layers but TCP/IP has only 4 layers. In TCP/IP indirectly it has 5 layers, directly it has 4 layers. Main difference between OSI & TCP/IP is, in TCP it contains sub protocols to transmit the data more efficiently
- 4. MODEL Application Transmission Network Datalink layer Physical layer SMTP FTP Telnet ARPANET TCP UDP SCTP ICMP IGMP RARP ARP
- 5. All the functionalities of 7 layers are same as in OSI reference model. Here both physical & datalink layer is combined as 1 layer called “host-to-network” layer. Network layer is same as in OSI, here we have some sub protocols to transfer the data more efficiently.
- 7. ARP: Address Resolution Protocol When we are sending our data to a particular destination, sender needs IP & MAC address of destination. If sender doesn’t have the IP address of destination then it uses the “ARP” protocol & broadcasts or resolves the data in a network. So that each device receives the data & checks the MAC address of the data if it is matching with the device MAC address then it receives otherwise it deletes the data.
- 8. RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol When we are sending our data to a particular destination in a network, sender needs IP & MAC address of destination & it needs self IP & MAC also. If at all it dosen’t have self IP address then it uses RARP protocol & identifies its IP address in routing table by matching its MAC address. After detecting the IP address it sends the data to the destination.
- 9. ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol By using ICMP protocol we can control the messages in online.
- 10. IGMP: Internet Group Message Protocol By using this protocol source can send message to no. of devices at a time.
- 12. In transmission layer, we have TCP, UDP, SCTP protocols. TCP is connection oriented, we use this in reliable communication. UDP is a User Datagram Protocol. It is a connectionless protocol. We use this in unreliable communication. SCTP is a Stream Control Transmission Protocol. This is the combination of both TCP & UDP protocols.
- 14. In Application layer we use SMTP, FTP, TELNET, ARPANET for interfaces to transfer the data efficiently.