Temperament
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The document presents an overview of temperament types as outlined by Francis Kofi Somuah, categorizing them into four main types: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these temperaments aids in recognizing behaviors, fostering interpersonal relationships, and maximizing individual talents. The text emphasizes the importance of self-awareness in appreciating differences and living harmoniously with others.
Temperament
- 1. TEMPERAMENT; WHY YOU ACT THE WAY YOU DO Presented by Francis Kofi Somuah (BA. Psychology)
- 2. OBJECTIVES What Temperament is Types of Temperament Identify your Temperament Why know your temperaments
- 3. What is Temperament They are our patterns of behaviour… the ways we usually respond to situations According to Psychologists, the innate aspects of an individuals personality such as introversion or extroversion is termed Temperament. It is also defined as a persons nature, ones usual way of thinking or acting They are instinctive or natural behaviours, rather than learned behaviours
- 5. The Temperament Types (Contd..) Four types of temperament have been identified CHOLERIC PHLEGMATIC SANGUINE MENLANCHOLIC (SUPINE) – recently discovered
- 6. The Temperament Types (Contd..) All of us have all four temperaments within us But one or two of them is/are dominant They control our actions and behaviour They have their strengths and weaknesses None of them is good or bad, it depends on how you use them
- 7. CHOLERIC (FIRE) (Destructive Temperament) – Extrovert leader According to scholars, Choleric is the most powerful and destructive temperament. They tend to be users They do not forget easily They are very quick tempered They seldom change their mind even if they are wrong They want total control over themselves and everyone around them.
- 8. CHOLERIC (Contd…) STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Activists(take part in public events) Opportunist Hard driving Optimistic/confident Perfectionist Friendly Tough minded Fearless Action oriented Quick tempered Offensive Proud Cruel Rash decision making Rude Self centered
- 9. The Special Role of the Choleric In organisations, they become very good executive officers They are very good producers They can be very good building engineers Very good materials for politics In the religious organisations, they become very good evangelists and prophets They become very good opinion leaders in society In marriage they play very high romantic roles
- 10. PHLEGMATIC (WATER) (Peace Maker) This is the only temperament that is basically moderate They are very peaceful at heart making them great assets social, political, friendship, business etc. They seldom use ideas and talents they have because it requires to much energy and active participation. They sit back and watch other temperaments busy doing things wrongly and looking at all the wrong things in the world that need to be changed They easily identify the injustice but hardly take any action
- 11. Phlegmatic (Contd…) STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Peace loving and peace maker Even tempered Balanced (adjust to every situation) Kind hearted Even loving Do not discriminate Easy going Not demanding Witty consistent Uninvolving Not opportunists Indecisive Unemotional and inexpressive Rarely self sacrificing(do not want to sacrifice themselves for affection) Unwillingness to become involved in deep relationships with people of the opposite sex Procrastination Verbal defences
- 12. The Special Role of the Phlegmatic They can be good teachers or educators They play effective roles in leadership They are mostly scientists They enjoy meticulous work; any work that need carefulness and planning They become very good diplomats and good administrators Become very good accountants They are very good pastors
- 13. SANGUINE (AIR) – Extrovert leader (Quick tempered) A sanguine is an extrovert who has a high need to include and be close to others. A sanguine is always cheerful, hopeful, confident and expect the best in everything he/she does in life. They always enjoy life A sanguine never thinks of failure or loss in everything They are authoritative or autocratic
- 14. Sanguine (Contd…) STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Enjoy life and always happy Optimistic/confident Excel in communication oriented things Talkative Warm (have sympathy for people) They are approachable Sincere and helpful independent forgetful Unreliable Naïve (behave like children or people without experience They do not want to be alone Superficial (Surface thinking) Very demanding Unstable Exaggeration Stubborn Does many things at once and does not always complete
- 15. The Special Role of the Sanguine Acting – they can act very well in public Sales - they are very good business men and women They make excellent masters of ceremonies (MC) Very good auctioneers Speeches Evangelism Prophesying Fighting or boxing
- 16. MELANCHOLIC (EARTH) - introvert (Perfectionist) Melancholic's approach very few people for association and they do not like to be approached for association. They are very selective with whom they socialise. According to scholars, melancholics are very family oriented, closely bonded to individuals within the family unit. They see life as a goal to achieve . Due to their intelligence they predict pitfalls in a project before they undertake it
- 17. Melancholic (Contd…) They are perfectionists and set very high standards for themselves and for other people around them. They are self motivated and do not respond to the promise of reward or the threat of punishment They become very sad when things go wrong Therefore they analyse and plan before done and want it to be very perfect. They can be extremely quiet people who never talk to son, daughter, or even spouse.
- 18. Melancholic (Contd) STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Perfectionists Analytical Great understanding Self sacrificial Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding) Gifted(have extraordinary talents) Good decision making people Good leaders They are responsible Faithfulness and loyalty Dependable Deep commitment Lonely/private Suicidal tendencies Easily depressed Some times procrastinate Revengeful Emotional Non – romantic (they have sex with their spouse and not make love to them) Secretive
- 19. Special role of the melancholic Most of the worlds greatest composers, inventors, philosophers, theologians, musicians, artists, educators, medical doctors were predominantly melancholic. Excellent humanitarians Authors Great Investors
- 20. Why Know Your Temperament Being aware of our temperaments can help us To better understand each other’s and our own behaviours To better appreciate and more fully use what gifts we have To appreciate our differences To find ways of bridging these differences To live peacefully with each other
- 21. WHAT TEMPERAMENT DO I HAVE We all have all 4 temperaments in us, but in different mixes … with one or two being more dominant IDENTIFY YOURS AND BE AT PEACE WITH OTHER TEMPERAMENTS NOW
- 23. Recommended Books Temperament; what is your temperament, identify your temperament now (by Joseph Gbedemah) Strategic Positioning – by Emmanuel Dei – Tumi Why you act the way you do – by Tim LaHaye Any introductory text book on psychology The BIBLE Any other...?
Editor's Notes
- #8: Elijah and Elisha – After Baal had failed its 450 prophets, Elijah also prayed to God and fire came down from heaven. And when Baals prophets saw that, they knelt down b4 Elijah but he ordered them to be killed.(1 st Kings 18:38-40) Elisha, out of anger cursed 42 children in the name of the lord.
- #11: Joshua - Even though his brothers had sold him, he did not bother what his brethren did to him, rather he received them and kissed them which showed a sign of love and peace making.
- #14: David – even though David was a young boy, due to his sanguine nature, he was able to fight Goliath
- #17: Joshua – He did not do anything without planning. After assuming leadership over Israel, he sent spies. Even after the spies brought the feasibility studies report, he planned his movement accordingly.