Testing and Building Android
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The document discusses various topics related to Android testing including: - Best practice is to create a separate test project rather than including tests in the main project. This keeps tests stripped out of the main code and easier/faster to run. - Tests can be run from Eclipse or from the command line with options to run all tests, a single test class/method, or filter by category. - The Android SDK tools, emulator/AVD, and tools like uiautomatorviewer and uiautomator are needed to perform UI tests. - Different types of tests include unit tests, integration tests to check components work together, acceptance tests for QA, and performance tests to check system behavior.
Testing and Building Android
- 2. Agenda: -Intro -Android Testing -Creating a project -JUnit Testing -Mock Objects + UI Testing -Integration and acceptance test -Performance and system testing -Advance assertions -TDD -Real App Dev !
- 4. Ego slide Mobile Developer @ Sixt M. Sc. UCM/RWTH CS Teacher at Alcalá University ! ! ! +EnriqueLópezMañas @eenriquelopez
- 5. Ego slide Mobile Developer @ Sixt M.Sc. Politehnica Timisoara ! ! ! +ami.antoch
- 6. Keywords Continuous Integration TDD JUnit / Unit Testing Instrumentation Behavior Driven Development Performance Testing Profiling
- 7. What you need • Java SE Version 1.6 • Android SDK Tools • Eclipse IDE for Java Developers • ADT • (Android Bundle)
- 8. Testing • Develop • Finding • Correcting
- 9. Is about productivity! $59.5 billion annually ! 1/3 could be saved ! (National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA))
- 10. Why, what, how, when During, before ! Continuous Integration ! Classes, methods, lines, basic blocks..
- 12. Activity lifecycle Databases and filesystem operations
- 13. Activity lifecycle Databases and filesystem operations Physical characteristics of the device
- 14. Activity lifecycle Databases and filesystem operations Physical characteristics of the device (AVD and Genymotion)
- 15. UnitTests Written by programmers for programmers JUnit
- 16. Elements of a test The fixture Method setUp() Method tearDown() Test preconditions (retrospection vs. annotations)
- 17. Assertions • assertEquals() • assertFalse() • assertNotNull() • assertNotSame() • assertNull() • assertSame() • assertTrue() • fail()
- 18. Mock objects Mimic objects • MockApplication • MockContentProvider • MockContentResolver • MockContext • MockCursor • MockDialogInterface • MockPackageManager • MockResources
- 19. UI Tests Annotation @UIThreadTest Class TouchUtils • Click • Drag • LongClick • Scroll • Tap • Touch
- 20. Environments Eclipse… …but also IntelliJ! …and Netbeans!
- 21. Instrumentation Foundation Control application under test and permit injection
- 23. Testing Target Device AVD Machines GenyMotion
- 24. Summary
- 25. Android Testing Best practice: test should live in a separate correlated project • Stripped (not included in main) • Easier to run in Emulator • Takes less time • Encourages code reusability
- 26. Create project
- 27. AVD
- 28. Genymotion
- 29. DDMS
- 31. Running Test From Eclipse
- 34. Running from the emulator
- 35. Running from the command line
- 36. Running from the command line • All • From an specific test case • Specific test by name • By category • (create custom annotations)
- 37. Debug bugs
- 38. Summary • Created first Android project • Followed best practice creating companion project • Simple test class • Eclipse • Command line options
- 39. Mockup • All Mock implementations • All methods non functional • Throw UnsupportedOperationExceiption
- 40. UI Testing • Android SDK Tools, 21+ • API 16+ • uiaumatorviewer • uiautomator Tools
- 41. Integration tests Individual components work jointly
- 42. Integration tests Individual components work jointly Acceptance tests QA, Business language
- 43. Performance tests Performance behavior System test • GUI Test • Smoke Tests • Performance • Installation
- 44. Benchmarking • Traditional logging statement methods • Creating Android performance tests • Using profiling tools • Microbenchmarks using Caliper
- 45. Benchmarking /* (non-Javadoc) * @see android.text.TextWatcher#onTextChanged( * java.lang.CharSequence, int, int, int) */ public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) { if (!mDest.hasWindowFocus() || mDest.hasFocus() || s == null ) { return; } final String str = s.toString(); if ( "".equals(str) ) { mDest.setText(""); return; } final long t0; if ( BENCHMARK_TEMPERATURE_CONVERSION ) { t0 = System.currentTimeMillis(); } !
- 46. Benchmarking try { final double temp = Double.parseDouble(str); final double result = (mOp == OP.C2F) ? TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFarenheit(temp); TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(temp); final String resultString = String.format("%.2f", result); mDest.setNumber(result); mDest.setSelection(resultString.length()); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { // WARNING // this is generated while a number is entered, // for example just a '-' // so we don't want to show the error } catch (Exception e) { mSource.setError("ERROR: " + e.getLocalizedMessage()); } if ( BENCHMARK_TEMPERATURE_CONVERSION ) { long t = System.currentTimeMillis() - t0; Log.i(TAG, "TemperatureConversion took " + t + " ms to complete."); } }
- 47. Android performance tests Classes hidden only for System apps :(
- 48. Assertions in depth • assertEquals • assertFalse • assertNotNull • assertNotSame • assertNull • assertSame • assertTrue • assertFail
- 49. Assertions in depth public void testNotImplementedYet() { fail("Not implemented yet"); }
- 50. Assertions in depth public void testShouldThrowException() { try { MyFirstProjectActivity.methodThatShouldThrowException(); fail("Exception was not thrown"); } catch ( Exception ex ) { // do nothing } }
- 51. Custom messages public void testMax() { final int a = 1; final int b = 2; final int expected = b; final int actual = Math.max(a, b); assertEquals("Expection " + expected + " but was " + actual, expected, actual); }
- 52. Static imports public void testAlignment() { final int margin = 0; ... android.test.ViewAsserts.assertRightAligned( mMessage, mCapitalize, margin); ! }
- 53. Static imports import static android.test.ViewAsserts.assertRightAligned; public void testAlignment() { final int margin = 0; assertRightAligned(mMessage, mCapitalize, margin); }
- 57. View assertions assertBaselineAligned assertBotomAligned assertGroupContains assertGroupIntegrity
- 68. Example public void testUserInterfaceLayout() { final int margin = 0; final View origin = mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView(); assertOnScreen(origin, mMessage); assertOnScreen(origin, mCapitalize); assertRightAligned(mMessage, mCapitalize, margin); }
- 78. Even more assertions assertMatchesRegex assertNotContainsRegex assertNotEmpty assertNotMatchesRegex
- 80. Example @UiThreadTest public void testNoErrorInCapitalization() { final String msg = "this is a sample"; mMessage.setText(msg); mCapitalize.performClick(); final String actual = mMessage.getText().toString(); final String notExpectedRegexp = “(?i:ERROR)"; assertNotContainsRegex("Capitalization found error:", notExpectedRegexp, actual); }
- 81. assertActivityRequiresPermission public void testActivityPermission() { final String PKG = "com.example.aatg.myfirstproject"; final String ACTIVITY = PKG + ".MyFirstProjectActivity"; final String PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; assertActivityRequiresPermission(PKG, ACTIVITY, PERMISSION); }
- 82. assertReadingContentUriRequiresPermission public void testReadingContacts() { final Uri URI = ContactsContract.AUTHORITY_URI; final String PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS; assertReadingContentUriRequiresPermission(URI, PERMISSION); }
- 83. assertWritingContentUriRequiresPermission public void testWritingContacts() { final Uri URI = ContactsContract.AUTHORITY_URI; final String PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS; assertWritingContentUriRequiresPermission(URI, PERMISSION); }
- 84. ActivityMonitor public void testFollowLink() { final Instrumentation inst = getInstrumentation(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intentFilter.addDataScheme("http"); intentFilter.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE); ActivityMonitor monitor = inst.addMonitor(intentFilter, null, false); assertEquals(0, monitor.getHits()); TouchUtils.clickView(this, mLink); monitor.waitForActivityWithTimeout(5000); assertEquals(1, monitor.getHits()); inst.removeMonitor(monitor); }
- 85. Example project
- 86. Summary Used several types of assertion Explained mock objects Exemplified different tests
- 89. Test Driven Development • Difficult to divert code • Focus NO SILVER BULLET
- 90. Example project - temperature converter
- 91. Requirements: • Application convert from Celsius to F. • … and viceversa • Two fields to input data • When temperature is entered, other field updates • Error displayed • Some space reserved keyboard • Entry fields start empty • Digits right aligned • Last entered values retained after onPause()
- 92. Concept design
- 93. Create projects
- 94. From requirement to tests
- 95. AVD and Emulator Options
- 96. Headless emulator emulator -avd test -no-window -no-audio -no-boot-anim -port 5580 &
- 97. Monkeyrunner
- 98. Building with ant android update project —path .
- 99. Jenkins
- 100. Testing recipes
- 102. Thank you ! + Enrique López Mañas @eenriquelopez