TFF2016, Rudi Studer, Smarte Dienstleistungen mit semantischen Technologien
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This document discusses using semantic technologies to enable smart services in tourism. It describes two use cases: 1) building agile systems through fast integration of heterogeneous data and programmable interfaces using semantic technologies, and 2) collaborative development of business processes through semantic modeling, analysis, and execution of processes. The document outlines challenges with current approaches and how semantic technologies can help address these challenges through linked data, linked services, and semantic descriptions of processes and APIs.
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TFF2016, Rudi Studer, Smarte Dienstleistungen mit semantischen Technologien
- 1. KIT – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association 29 April 2016 Zillertal, Austria www.kit.edu Smart Services with Semantic Technologies Tourism Fast Forward 2016 Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer Dr. Maria Maleshkova, Dr. Andreas Harth
- 2. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 2 • Motivation • Use Case 1 - Building Agile Systems • Use Case 2 – Collaborative Development of Business Processes • Summary and Conclusion Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 3. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 3 Market Influence Technology Development Today’s Driving Forces Shorter innovation cycles Need for continuous adaptation Near real-time analyses Involvement of the customer not only with the finished product/service but during the complete development cycle Ubiquitous access Social and community Web Heterogeneous big data Distributed component-based solutions Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 4. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 4 Motivation – Travel context Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 5. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 5 The Rise of Big Data With increased use of computers more and more data is being stored Organisations rely on data to support business decisions Data drives policy decisions in government Individuals rely on data from the Web for information and communication Data volumes and number of sources explode Combining data from multiple sources enables insights More and more data available on the Web is published in Semantic Web standards See: Linking Open Data (LOD) initiative Semantic Web technologies are beneficial for data exchange and integration Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 6. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 6 Semantic Technologies Semantic Web technologies, standardised by the W3C, are mature: RDF recommendation in 1999, update in 2004 RDFa (RDF in HTML) note in 2008 RDFS recommendation in 2004 SPARQL recommendation in 2008 OWL recommendation in 2004, update in 2009 Linked Data is a subset of the Semantic Web stack Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 7. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 8 Use Cases 1. Building Agile Systems Fast integration of heterogeneous data and programmable interfaces based on semantic technologies 2. Collaborative Development of Business Processes Semantics for modeling, analyzing, and executing processes E.g. booking process Semantic description Semantic description Semantic description Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 8. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 9 BUILDING AGILE SYSTEMS Semantics for integrating data and programmable interfaces Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 9. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 10 Today‘s Web is about Dynamic Data Data is often dynamically created as a result of some calculation carried out over input data (e.g., weather information) Data can change frequently (e.g., moving objects) APIs are used to trigger functionalities in the Web and the real world and provide access to dynamic and static data sources An important role plays Representational State Transfer (REST) Architectural style for client– server interaction Compatible with Web architecture http://programmableweb.com 8816 APIs Over 14,795 APIs and 6173 mashups Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 10. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 11 Linking Open Data Cloud Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2014, by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/ Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 11. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 12 Linked Data Principles 1. Use URIs to name things; not only documents, but also people, locations, concepts, etc. http://dbpedia.org/resource/London 2. To enable agents (humans and machines) to look up those names, use HTTP URIs http://dbpedia.org/page/London 3. When someone looks up a URI we provide useful information; with 'useful' in the strict sense we usually mean structured data in RDF <http://dbpedia.org/page/London> dbo:areaTotal 1572000000.000000^^xsd:double. 4. Include links to other URIs allowing agents (machines and humans) to discover more things <http://dbpedia.org/page/London> owl:sameAs <sws.geonames.org/2643743/> . http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 12. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 13 Mashups = Procedural glue code Procedural glue code Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 13. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 14 Motivation for Combining Semantics and Services Increased value comes from combinations of services and APIs 6000+ Mashups on programmableweb.com But a lot of manual effort is required for this compositions (glue code) Structured service/API descriptions ease the composition process considerably Semantic descriptions allow for the automatic execution of several tasks (e.g., data alignment, service discovery, …) Manually drafted glue code Semantic description Semantic description Semantic description Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 14. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 15 Semantics and Services Functionality attainable via the Web RESTful services (respecting Web architecture) resource-oriented manipulated with HTTP verbs GET, PUT, POST, DELETE Negotiate representations (XML, JSON, RDF) Linked data Uniform use of URIs Use of RDF and SPARQL = Linked Services Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 15. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 16 From Web APIs to Linked APIs Linked APIs Web APIs REST APIs Linked Data Resources, HTTP Verbs, HATEOAS Resources, RDF HTTP Verbs, HATEOAS RDF Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 16. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 17 Linked Services Benefits Interfaces and semantics are clearly defined and described in a machine-interpretable manner Possible to access documentation (via „JavaDoc“ for APIs) Possible to automate discovery and composition of Web APIs Easier reuse of implemented functionality Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 17. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 18 Facilitate Data Integration Linked Service Combines data (MashUp) build on top Application that consumes one Linked Service Bad solution Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 18. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 19 Facilitate Data Integration Linked Service Application (consumes and integrates RDF from 3 Linked Services) Good solution Linked Service Linked Service Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 19. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 20 Linked Service Architecture Linked APIs consume and produce RDF data Linked APIs are described with an RDF document Including SPARQL graph patterns, representing the structure of input and output data Accessible via the Web Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match ?x a sg:Reservation ; sg:startDate ?start ; sg:endDate ?end . ?y a sg:ConfirmedReservation . ?y sg:reservation ?x . ?x sg:startDate ?start . ?x sg:endDate ?end .
- 20. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 21 COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES Semantics for process modeling, analysis and execution Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 21. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 22 Modeling Processes Well-defined processes improve performance and support monitoring Standards for process modeling exist – e.g. BPMN Modeling and enriching BPMN with meta-information is still challenging Enhancing processes with semantics: Use (lightweight) ontologies to model meta-information Dublin Core Schema, Friend of a Friend Ontology (FOAF),.. Use meta-information for process analysis and optimization making conclusions about activities and data artifacts (reasoning) deducing new knowledge about processes Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016 <META NAME="DC.Title" CONTENT=”Trip Booking"> <META NAME="DC.Creator" CONTENT=”John Smith"> <META NAME="DC.Language" scheme="RFC1766" CONTENT="en; de"> <META NAME="DC.Date" CONTENT=”2016-04-29"> <foaf:Person rdf:ID=“http://exmaple.com/me"> <foaf:givenname>John</foaf:givenname> <foaf:family_name>Smith</foaf:family_name> <foaf:interest rdf:resource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol703129 z"/>
- 22. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 23 Architecture Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 23. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 24 Implementation Using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) as a modeling language Standard proposed by Object Management Group in 2008 Very expressive Widely spread Describes processes for documentation purposes and serves as basis for the automatic execution in a workflow-engine Easily extensible Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 24. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 25 Modeling and Execution of Booking Processes Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016 Confirm Trip
- 25. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 26 Implementation Semantic MediaWiki is a semantic extension of MediaWiki Allows to store information in a structured way Provides semantic modelling primitives for describing entities and their relationships “Europahaus” islocatedIn “Mayrhofen” Supports the publication of information according to the LinkedData Principles Tools: MediaWiki + Semantic MediaWiki https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org Semantic Forms https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_Forms Cognitive Process Designer http://aifb-ls3-vm2.aifb.kit.edu/DevelopersDay Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 26. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 27 Functionality Functionality provided by Cognitive Process Designer: Create BPMN Processes Load / Edit BPMN Processes Import / Export BPMN Processes in BPMN 2.0 XML Annotate BPMN Processes Semantic meta-information Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 27. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 28 Functionality: Process Analysis and Information Access Information and metadata is stored in a semantic format which can be queried Examples: What type of persons are involved in the process? What is the workload of each involved person? Which roles require the highest expertise and are the most data intensive ones? If a flight and a cruise are both a kinds of trip, how many trips did a customer make? If a customer that has booked more than 10 flights in 2015 is defined as frequent flyer, how many frequent flyers have been to Paris? Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 28. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 29 Summary and Outlook We need technology solutions to achieve more automation Executing tasks manually does not scale Market trends and technology developments pave the way for developing new products and services, which are more flexible and adapted to the customer needs We need to be ready to support shorter innovation cycles for products and services We can use semantic and Web Technologies to support: the rapid development of mashups and applications the collaborative modelling, analysis and reuse of processes the export of data in a structured way thus being amenable for usage in further applications Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
- 29. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) 30 Relevant Publications S. Stadtmüller, S. Speiser, A. Harth, R. Studer. Data-Fu: A Language and an Interpreter for Interaction with Read/Write Linked Data. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1225-1236, 2013. A. Harth, C. Knoblock, S. Stadtmüller, R. Studer, and P. Szekely. On-the-fly Integration of Static and Dynamic Sources. in Proceedings of the Int. Semantic Web Conf. Workshop on Consuming Linked Data. 2013: CEUR-WS. M. Maleshkova, P. Philipp, Y. Sure-Vetter, R. Studer. Smart Web Services (SmartWS) – The Future of Services on the Web. IPSI BgD Transactions on Advanced Research (TAR), 12, (1), pp. 15-26, January, 2016. T. Weller, M. Maleshkova. Towards a Collaborative Process Platform: Publishing Processes according to the Linked Data Principles. Proceedings of Workshop Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2016), World Wide Web Conf., Montreal, Canada, April 2016. T. Weller, M. Maleshkova. Cognitive Process - An Open-Source Tool to Capture Processes according to the Linked Data Principles. The Semantic Web: ESWC 2016 Satellite Events, Springer. Prof. Dr. Rudi Studer | Tourism Fast Forward 2016
Editor's Notes
- #3: Agenda
- #5: Data volumes, heterogeneity and dynamicity + Use of available services such as weather service, google maps, flight booking + Connection to the Social Web = new smart services (new added value services, customized to the customer needs, based on the specific context and personal preferences) One of the APIs can be the execution engine
- #13: London area 1,572 km²
- #14: Use the information about when my flight is, from trip it, to check the flight status (on flight status) and post it on facebook (‘Dear friends I am stuck in Lonodon’) OR Use tripIt for flight information to inform the passenger (by flight status) about delays and offer him/her with ‘entertainment’ options from facebook Scenario 2: Show where your friends have been on vacation OR which restaurants they have checked into
- #23: Exmaple for FOAF in order to descibe the users and their expertise http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol703129z is an article in chemistry “Lemniscular Hexaphyrins as Examples of Aromatic and Antiaromatic Double-Twist Möbius Molecules“
- #24: Collaborative modelling of processes (not all roles of users have the same expertise and knowledge, need many people to complete a process description) The data/process analysis is usually done by someone else (need for a collaborative solution AND query/analysis options) Metadata offers more analysis options Execution is automated (Except user tasks)
- #26: “Book a fight” process
- #29: Deduction of new fact Reasoning based on hierarchies