5. • was born in the 19th century, a time by
significant changes in the world
Dr. jose rizal
• he grew up amidst the Philippines'
struggle for independence and shifting
social, economic,cultural, and political
landscape of the time.
6. • birth of modernity
The 19th Century
• the term "modernity" emphasizes the
break from traditional ways of life and
the emerge of new ideas, attitudes, and
institutions that marked the transition to
a new era.
• "Part of age revolution"
ECONOMIC CONTEXT
11. Trading was already apparent among our ancestors
even before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines.
There are some countries who trade with us such as
China, Japan, India, Borneo, and Moluccas.
12. The Spanish crown saw an opportunity to
profit from this trade and eventually closed
the ports to Manila to all countries except
Mexico.
13. Mexico was a colony of Spain just like
Philippines.
wht
mexico?
17. Because of the Galleon Trade ended,
the Philippines need a commercial
purpose.
18. • an artificial sea-level waterway was
opened, the distance of travel
between Europe and Philippines was
considerably shortened.
• safer and faster gave way to more
intensive production of crops, which
provided a huge advantage in
commercial enterprises.
suez canal
19. a. The Philippines was opened for
world commerce .
b. Foreigners were engaged in
manufacturing and agriculture.
c. The Philippine economy became
dynamic and balanced.
d. There was a rise of new influential
wealthy Filipino middle class.
20. • The fastest tempo of
economic progress in the
Philippines during the
19th century facilitated by
the Industrial
• Revolution resulted in the
rise of a new breed of rich
and influential Filipino
middle class.
SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT
21. • Education is considered a
status symbol.
• Only a few people go to
school, usually those with
Spanish blood, have the
opportunity to experience
college education.
23. -Or the pure blooded Spaniards and born
from Spain.
-second of the highest racial class with 100%
Spanish blood but born in the Philippines.
-also called ‘’tisoy’’ 50% Spanish and 50%
Filipino.
-normal Filipino class
-lowest class/poor people in the
Philippines.
24. • Since the Spaniards viewed Filipinos as
inferior, they denied them access to
education associating the with
backwardness, primitiveness, and
inferiority.
25. ILUSTRADO
S
• means "erudite", "learned" or
" enlightened ones"
• a group of educated natives
who sought freedom and
independence from Spanish
rule.
• one of their aims was to be in
the same level with the proud
Spaniards.
26. ILUSTRADO
S
• It has become commonplace to speak of the role of ideas learned by the European-
educated Ilustrados in the emergence of the nationalist movement
• However, it was not just this handful of Filipinos who wer important,nor wa it only
the European intellectual atmosphere that stimulates nationalism.
• A key factor in the emergence of nationalism in the late 19th century was the
cultural development consequent on the rapid spread of education from about
1860.
• In many respects, the spread of higher education among middle and lower-middle-
class Filipinos, who could not afford to go abroad, was more important for
propagating the liberal and progressive ideas written about from Europe by Rizal or
Del Pilar.
31. • The Industrial Revolution necessitated
changes in the education system of
the Philippines
• It can be summed up in three words:
inadequate, suppressive, and
controlled.
• children were taught to fear God over
basic literacy and to obey the friars
instead of learning to count.
• they were instilled with the belief that
they were inferior to others and we're
only capable of doing manual work.
32. • this was a significant attempt by the
Spanish colonial government to
address the lack of formal education
among Filipinos.
• it mandated the establishment of a
public school system throughout the
country and required each town to
have at least one primary school for
boys and girls, which to be supported
by municipal funds and supervised by
local government.
THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF
1863.
33. • limiting the scope of education and hindering the development of a
national identity among Filipinos.
• despite these challenges, the Education Decree of 1863 was an
important step towards the democratization of education in the
Philippines and laid the foundation for the development of a
formal education system in the country.
THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF
1863.
• the return of the Jesuits was a significant
event that influenced the educational
system in the Philippines.
34. • In 1865, Ateneo (which was handled by Jesuits) transformed into a
secondary school that offered a level of instruction beyond the official
requirements,more closely resembling today's college than high
school.
• while the Ateneo did not directly teach nationalism or liberal
principles of progress, it's emphasis on humanistic education in
literature, science, and philosophy, as well as the principles of
human dignity,justice,and inequality of all men, undermined the
foundations of the Spanish colonial regime.
THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF
1863.
36. • "The Jesuits have surely not intended to teach us love of the
country,but they have shown us all that is beautiful and all that is
best. Therefore I do not fear discord in our homeland; it is
possible;but it can be combated and prevented."
- Rizal
• By 1866, the proportion of literature people in the Philippines was
higher than Spain. The proportion of Filipino children attending
school was also above average in European standards.
• This growing sense of nationalism would ultimately pave the way
for significant political developments, including the pursuit of
greater democracy.
37. • during Rizal's time, there were widespread calls for democracy in the
Philippines.
38. • when the Spanish missionaries introduced Christianity, they taught
that all men are equal before God.
39. • despite the teachings of Christianity,which emphasized equality
among all people, the Spanish colonial authorities did not treat
brown-skinned Filipinos equally.
• this hypocrisy is reminiscent of this famous quote from Animal Farm:
"All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others"
• most Filipinos except ( the hinterland of Luzon and the Visayas and in
Mindanao and Sulu) became Christians.
40. • Forced labor?For God. • Cultural suppression? For God.
• Conquest and violence? For God.
42. • during Rizal's time, the court of justice in the Philippines
was notoriously corrupt.
• the Spanish fiscals (prosecuting attorney's) and other court
officials were inept, venal, and oftentimes ignorant of the
law.
• brown Filipinos were
often treated unfairly,
and justice was costly,
partial and slow.
POLITICAL CONTEXT
45. • racial prejudice was important in the Philippines during
the Spanish colonial period.
• the local indigenous population was prohibited from organizing
assembles or political meetings.
• Merit WA snot based on one's capabilities or qualifications but
on wealth, race, and connections with influential people.
• this system of discrimination resulted in a sense of oppression
and discontent among the local population.
46. • the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines was
highly centralized and authoritarian.
• it enforced strict social
and political hierarchies,
denying Filipinos basic
political rights and
freedoms.
47. • the church played a significant role in the state's
proceedings manipulating the indigenous people to
comply with the state's laws as it saw fit.
• Meanwhile, the colonial
government was primarily
interested in exploiting the
country's natural resources
and labor for the benefit of
Spain.
48. • The system was exploitative and maintained through the
use of force, including military forces deployed to quell
uprisings and rebellions.
49. " I wanted to hit the friars since the friars
are always making use of religion, not
only as a shield but also as a weapon,
protection,citadel, fortress, armor, etc. I
was therefore forced to attack their false
and superstitious religion in order to
combat the enemy who did behind this
religion. God must not serve as a shield
and protection of abuses, nor must
religion."
50. This motivated people to follow suit.
Filipino reformists like Rizal were inspired
by the revolution to pursue freedom and
independence for the country.
