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The Arctic and The Antarctic
- 1. The Polar Regions TheArctic and The Antarctic #colourfulimaginations
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- 3. The Polar Regions: Arcticand Antarctic • The Arctic and the Antarctic are the two polar regions of the world. • The Antarctic is a continent surrounded by ocean whilst the Arctic is an ocean surrounded by main islands part of continents like Greenland, Ellesmere Islands. • The maximum sea extent of the Antarctic is 8 million square kilometres whereas the maximum sea extent of the Arctic is 7 million square kilometres. • The area of the Antarctic is 6 million square miles where the area of the Arctic is 5.4 square miles. • The total coastline covered in the Antarctic is 18,000 miles where the total coastline covered in the Arctic is 25,000 miles. • The sun never sets for a six-month period at the Arctic pole. • For a six-month period at the Antarctic Pole, the sun never rises for six months and never sets for six months. #colourfulimaginations
- 4. Sea Ice ExtentData #colourfulimaginations
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- 6. The Arctic andThe Antarctic Region Map #colourfulimaginations
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- 8. Contrast between the ecosystemsof The Arctic and The Antarctic #colourfulimaginations
- 9. PHYSICAL FEATURES The Antarctic •It is a continent covered by an immense ice cap and surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. • Mountains up to 3,794 metres high. • Ice is 4.5km thick in places. The Arctic • It is not a continent. It is an ocean surrounded by larger islands like Greenland and Ellesmere Island. • Ice reaches the height of 2-3 metres. • The sea packs the ice. #colourfulimaginations
- 10. CLIMATE The Antarctic • Verycold due to lack of direct sunlight. • Temperatures average –28 degrees Celcius in summer and –60 degrees Celcius in winter. • In summer, the sun doesn't set and in winter, the sun doesn't rise. • Dry seasons The Arctic • Cold due to lack of direct sunlight-but not as cold as Antarctica. • Temperatures average 0 degrees Celcius in summer and –40 degrees in winter. • In summer, the sun doesn't set and in winter, the sun doesn't rise. • Dry seasons. #colourfulimaginations
- 11. FLORA The Antarctic • Almostno vegetation- mostly lichens. • No tundra or tree lines The Arctic • Low shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses and liverworts. • The Tundra is well developed and marked by a tree shrub line. #colourfulimaginations
- 12. FAUNA The Antarctic • Noterrestrial mammals. • Marine mammals include porpoises, whales, seals and penguins. The Arctic • Terrestrial mammals include Polar Bears, Arctic Fox, Caribou (Reindeers), Wolves, Hare, Musk Ox and Lemmings. • Marine mammals include seals, whales, porpoises #colourfulimaginations
- 13. HUMAN ACTIVITIES The Antarctic• Scientific bases • Tourist visitors The Arctic • Human population north of 60^N greater than 4 million people. • Many indigenous people-Inuit, Sami and Yupik. • Mining activities #colourfulimaginations
- 14. The Antarctic • PotentialResources: - Mineral and Energy Resources, Antarctica is the largest known coalfield. - Fresh Water Extraction (70% fresh water is in Antarctica). - Resource from marine life eg: farming of fish and krill. - Scientific Resources-study on Weather patterns, ecosystem adaptations, past climate and geological changes. • Tourism offers potential because of the attraction of the unique wilderness. • Increased fishing pressure and illegal fishing is a trouble, along with Climate Change which may alternatively lead to melting Ice caps. • Marine Pollution has also been detected, microplastics in the sea, increasing quantities of plastic ashore off the coast. The Arctic • Whaling has been one of the largest industries of the Arctic. • Whale species of Fin, Minke and the Blue Whale were hunted down nearing to extinction. Whale became a delicate issue due to excessive hunting. It has been stopped now. • Gas and Oil reserves are the largest reserves in the Arctic. Drilling has been disturbing for the people and wildlife, especially Caribou deer. • Tourism is becoming very popular but there has also been a lot of littering on the land, and boat travel has had oil spills. Human Activities #colourfulimaginations
- 15. THE FUTURE THREATS TheAntarctic • Threats from Climate Change. • Extraction of oil, gas and metals. The Arctic • Threats from Climate Change. • Extraction of oil and gas and other resources. • Claims of sovereignty #colourfulimaginations
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