The Concepts of Internet and Networking.pptx
- 1. Unit – 5 Internet and Networking
- 2. The Internet • The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals 4
- 3. Evolution of the Internet • The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals: 5 Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster
- 4. Evolution of the Internet 1969 ARPANET becomes functional 1984 ARPANET has more than 1,000 individual computers linked as hosts 1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET and becomes known as the Internet 1995 NSFNet terminates its network on the Internet and resumes status as research network 1996 Internet2 is founded Today More than 550 million hosts connect to the Internet 6
- 5. Evolution of the Internet • Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network – The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards • Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network 5
- 6. Evolution of the Internet • Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service Cable Internet service DSL Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) Fixed wireless Cellular Radio Network Wi-Fi Satellite Internet Service 6
- 7. Evolution of the Internet • An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee 7
- 8. Evolution of the Internet ISP (Internet service provider) Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide Online service provider (OSP) Has many members- only features Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices May require a wireless modem 8
- 9. Evolution of the Internet Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 2 9
- 10. Evolution of the Internet • An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet • A domain name is the text version of an IP address – Top-level domain (TLD) • A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address 10
- 11. The World Wide Web • The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) • A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items • A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer • Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact 14
- 12. The World Wide Web • A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs 15 Internet Explorer Safari Firefox Opera Google Chrome
- 13. The World Wide Web 16
- 14. The World Wide Web • A home page is the first page that a Web site displays • Web pages provide links to other related Web pages – Surfing the Web • Downloading is the process of receiving information • Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers 17
- 15. The World Wide Web • A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address 18
- 16. The World Wide Web • Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window 19
- 17. The World Wide Web • Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories Search engine Finds information related to a specific topic Subject directory Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories 20
- 18. The World Wide Web • A search engine is helpful in locating items such as: Images Videos Audio News Maps People or Businesses Blogs 22
- 19. The World Wide Web 23
- 20. The World Wide Web • Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text 24
- 21. The World Wide Web • Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy • No one oversees the content of Web pages 28
- 22. The World Wide Web • Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with: 29
- 23. The World Wide Web • A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information • Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF 30
- 24. The World Wide Web • A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic 31
- 25. The World Wide Web • Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence 32
- 26. The World Wide Web • Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound – Compressed to reduce file size • You listen to audio on your computer using a player • Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow 33
- 27. The World Wide Web 34
- 28. The World Wide Web • Video consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 2 35
- 29. The World Wide Web • Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space 36
- 30. The World Wide Web • Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages Plan a Web site Analyze and design a Web site Create a Web site Deploy a Web site Maintain a Web site 30
- 31. WEB BROWSERS
- 32. INTRODUCTION A Web browser acts as an interface between the user and Web server Software application that resides on a computer and is used to locate and display Web pages. Web user access information from web servers, through a client program called browser. A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
- 33. FEATURES All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window A refresh and stop buttons for refreshing and stopping the loading of current documents Home button that gets you to your home page Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent
- 34. COMPONENTS OF WEB BROWSER 1. User Interface • this includes the address bar, back/forward button , bookmarking menu etc 2. Rendering Engine • Rendering, that is display of the requested contents on the browser screen. • By default the rendering engine can display HTML and XML documents and images
- 35. HISTROY The history of the Web browser dates back in to the late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first Web browser, WorldWideWeb, by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. Microsoft responded with its browser Internet Explorer in 1995 initiating the industry's first browser war Opera first appeared in 1996; although it have only 2% browser usage share as of April 2010, it has a substantial share of the fast-growing mobile phone Web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. In 1998, Netscape launched Mozilla
- 36. WORLD WIDE WEB WorldWideWeb was the first web browser. When it was written, WorldWideWeb was the only way to view the Web It was capable of displaying basic style sheets, downloading and opening any file type supported by the NeXT system, browsing newsgroups, and spellchecking. At first, images were displayed in separate windows, until NeXTSTEP's Text class supported Image objects.
- 37. MOZILLA FIREFOX The Firefox Web Browser is the faster, more secure, and fully customizable way to surf the web Mozilla is a global community dedicated to building free, open source products like the award winning Firefox web browser and Thunderbird email software. Mozilla Firefox
- 38. MOSIAC Mosaic was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications(NCSA) at the University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign beginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993, and officially discontinued development and support on January 7, 1997. Mosaic was also the first browser to display images inline with text instead of displaying images in a separate window
- 39. NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR Netscape Navigator and Netscape are the names for the proprietary web browser popular in the 1990s It was the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corporation and the dominant web browser in terms of usage share, although by 2002 its usage had almost disappeared
- 40. WINDOWS INTERNET EXPLORER Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer), is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995
- 41. OPERA Opera is a web browser and Internet suite developed by Opera Software. The browser handles common Internet-related tasks such as displaying web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, chatting on IRC downloading files via BitTorrent, and reading web feeds. Opera is offered free of charge for personal computers and mobile phones.
- 42. SAFARI Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple and included as part of the Mac OS X operating system. on the company's Mac OS X operating system, it became Apple's default browser
- 43. GOOGLE CHROME Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google that uses the WebKit layout engine and application framework It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows on 2 September 2008, and the public stable release was on 11 December 2008.
- 44. MOBILE BROWSERS Mobile Browsers A mobile browser, also called a micro browser, minibrowser or wireless internet browser(WIB), is a web browser designed for use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone or PDA. Opera Mini, offered free of charge, is designed primarily for mobile phones, but also for smartphones and personal digital assistants.
- 45. What is email? Short for electronic mail - Email Send & receive messages over the internet Must have an email account on-line.
- 46. What you need a computer with internet access an email account with a service provider such as Yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail, etc NOTE: Microsoft Outlook and Apple Mail, are NOT email providers (whi why you can’t email from library computers without an account)
- 47. Choosing an email provider Most common are Hotmail (Microsoft), Gmail (Google), Yahoo Mail (Yahoo For this class, we’ll be using Yahoo
- 48. Setting up your account Parts of an email address: Username and domain Example [email protected] user name : snoopy- you create your own - each must be unique @ symbol : unique to email addresses (Shift key + 2) Separates user name from domain email provider’s name: yahoo domain : .com - others could be .net or .org
- 49. Password Something easy to remember, but difficult to guess Do NOT use sensitive information, such as SSN, bank PIN, etc. Usually a combination of letters and numbers is best Verification questions in case you forget your password may be required on accounts.
- 50. Yahoo.com
- 51. Yahoo.com Click on “Create new account” Be sure to have user name and password ready Fill in as many blanks as required When finished – “Create new Account” http://yahoo.com
- 52. Let’s compose an email! Click on NEW Have email address ready for the person to receive your email
- 53. Parts of an email To : Enter the exact email address of your recipient Remember: [email protected] For multiple recipients, separate each address with a comma (semi colon) CC : carbon copy BCC : BLIND carbon copy – is anonymous Subject : the topic of your email – very important – keep it brief and to the point.
- 54. Parts of an email Body : the message of your email Attachments : Use the ATTACH button for files or photos or other emails
- 55. Sending an email Communication can be tough with written correspondence. No body langu facial cues to help set the tone properly. Can be easily misunderstood Error on the side of too formal Punctuation & spelling Greeting & closing signature ATTACH a file from a flash drive ALWAYS - Spell-check & proofread!
- 56. Sending an email Click on SEND to mail your letter Message will now appear in your SENT folder Once an email is sent, you cannot stop it or take it back Check your SENT box now Check your inbox for your BCC
- 57. Draft Emails Drafts: When creating an e-mail the computer will automatically save your wor periodically. If for any reason you should be interrupted (i.e. lapse in int connection) you can retrieve your latest work in the DRAFT BOX.
- 58. Receiving email If you have any messages you should see them listed in your Inbox At the top of each message is a header with information about the sender, and routing of each message.
- 59. Receiving email From: [email protected] To: [email protected] CC: Subject: Email Basics class Date:Tues, 1 March 2011 10:31 PST
- 60. Replying to an email Reply vs Reply All When you click on Reply, your message will automatically be sent to the person who sent you the email (FROM field in header.) When you click on Reply All, your message will automatically be sent to person who sent you the email AND everyone in the CC fields in the hea
- 61. Forwarding an email When you click on FORWARD, you may share the email you’ve received by sending it to others. You may add your own message before sending. Enter the TO’s and CC’s if using Click on SEND
- 62. Opening attachments Usually photos or documents are attached If you don’t know the sender, do NOT open the attachment(s) SAVE vs OPEN the attachment FILE dialog box
- 63. Deleting email Once you’ve read an email, you should decide if you want to save/file it or delete it. Click on delete to send the email to the TRASH CAN(delete folder) The message disappears from your list of messages but is not truly deleted, so if you make a mistake you can get the message back – look in the trash folder.
- 64. Deleting email Once you exit the program, the messages are usually deleted for good.
- 65. Privacy, viruses, & spam Privacy: CC vs BCC Viruses: Never open attachments from unknown senders. Safety: Never send personal financial information via email, even if it looks legitimate request from your bank or financial institution. Spam: unsolicited commercial email Delete - Click on Report Spam SPAM BOX on Yahoo
- 66. Chatting Chatting This is real-time communication with no delay. Usually done with those you know online. Be selective who you chat with. As with spam and phishing, scams can occur with chatting as well
- 67. Important – Sign Out!
- 68. Signing off Be sure to log off the account before shutting down