The document defines and provides examples of the four fundamental operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It explains that addition is the act of combining numbers, subtraction is taking away one number from another, multiplication combines quantities to obtain a product, and division determines how many times one quantity contains another. Key terms are defined for each operation, such as addends, sum, minuend, subtrahend, difference, factors, product, dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder. Examples are given to demonstrate how to apply each operation.