Hip hop culture originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and consists of four core elements: DJing, emceeing (rapping), breakdancing, and graffiti art. DJ Kool Herc is considered a founder for innovating hip hop music by extending the instrumental portion of songs. Afrika Bambaataa later helped develop hip hop culture by using it to unite gangs and promote peace. Over time, hip hop culture has expanded globally and modern hip hop has incorporated elements of partying and club culture while still retaining roots in individual expression.