The Logical Layer of Digital Governance

The Logical Layer of Digital Governance

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  2015 |For publicuse. Designed by XPLANE, in assignment by ICANN. v1.1 • 30 November 2015 2015 | Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial KEY GOVERNANCE ACTORS ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Helps coordinate the Internet's systems of unique identifiers including domain names and IP addresses, as well as manages the IETF's protocol parameter registries. www.icann.org IANA, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, is a set of functions housed and operated within ICANN. It acts as the top-level allocator for blocks of IP addresses and AS numbers, proposes creation of and changes to DNS top-level domains, and manages lists of unique identifiers used in Internet protocols. www.iana.org IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Develops and promotes a wide range of Internet standards dealing in particular with standards of the Internet protocol suite. Their technical documents influence the way people design, use, and manage the Internet. The IETF operates under the Internet Society (ISOC) with architectural oversight provided by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). www.ietf.org ISO International Organization for Standardization Standardizes, among many other things, the official names and postal codes of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographic significance. www.iso.org NRO Number Resource Organization A coordinating body for the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). The RIRs manage the distribution of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers in their regions of the world. www.nro.net AFRINIC www.afrinic.net APNIC www.apnic.net ARIN www.arin.net TLD Operators Top Level Domain Operators Organizations which have been assigned the management of Top-Level Domains such as: Generic TLDs (.com, .edu, .info, .name etc ...), Country Code TLDs (.fr, .us, .gh, .cn etc...) and non-ASCII alphabet TLDs (in language such as Chinese, Korean, Arabic, Russian, French etc...) —among others. Root Server Operators 12 independent organisations operate the 13 authoritative name servers (A through M) that serve the Domain Name System (DNS) root zone. The name servers are a network of hundreds of physical servers located in many countries around the world. www.root-servers.org W3C The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards. W3C's mission is to lead the Web to its full potential. www.w3.org STAKEHOLDER AND EXPERT COMMUNITY Academic • Institutions of higher learning • Academic thought leaders • Professors & students Business • Private-sector companies from across industries • Industry and trade associations Civil Society • International organizations • Non-governmental organizations • Non-profit organizations • Think Tanks Government • National governments • Distinct economies recognized in international fora • Multinational governmental and treaty organizations • Intergovernmental organizations • Public authorities (with a direct interest in global Internet Governance) Internet Users • Private citizens interested in regional or global Internet Governance Technical • Internet engineers • Computer engineers • Software developers • Network operators TECHNICAL OPERATIONS The technical operating community is made up of multiple independent actors bound by common principles and mutual commitments that ensure the security and stability of the Internet Infrastructure. Each actor's community develops policies and standards in an open, inclusive, and consensus-based approach. LACNIC www.lacnic.net RIPE NCC www.ripe.net POLICY, SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT TLD OperatorsRoot Server Operators Other IP-Related Standards Development Organizations NRO ICANNIETF (Housed in ISOC) IANA (W3C, ETSI, etc...) KEYGOVERNANCEACTORS STAKEHOLDER ANDEXPERT COMMUNITY POLICY&IMPLEMENTATION TECHNICALACADEMIC INTERNET USERSCIVIL SOCIETYBUSINESS GOVERNMENT LOGICALLAYER NAMES NUMBERS INTERNET PROTOCOLS + + = IDENTIFIERS’ PUBLIC REGISTRIES NAMES PROTOCOLSNUMBERS THE ROOT ZONE IP ADDRESSES IPv4: More than 4 billion addresses. IPv6: 340 undecillion (trillion, trillion, trillion) addresses. 5 Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) who coordinate policy related to Internet address resources. DOMAIN NAMES ~300 Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) such as .fr, .br, .us, ... ~600+ Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) such as .com, .biz, .realtor, ... ~1500+ Domain Name Registrars such as GoDaddy, Network Solutions, Register, ... PROTOCOL PARAMETERS Protocol parameters are the commands and identifiers that are used inside protocols, the structured communications used for the web, email, etc., to transfer the information. These parameters are used in standards defined by the IETF in coordination with other standard organizations such as the W3C. e.g. TCP/IP, VoIP, HTTP, HTTPS. ROOT SERVICES 12 organizations from 4 countries administering 13 different root servers that provide top-level DNS services via hundreds of machines in dozens of countries. ~500 Anycast copies worldwide. INFRASTRUCTURE LAYER INTERNET EXCHANGE POINTS (IXP) TERRESTRIAL CABLES UNDERSEA CABLES SATELLITES WIRELESS SYSTEMS THE INTERNET BACKBONE (IP NETWORKS) 90% are privately owned by global companies ECONOMIC AND SOCIETAL LAYER RIGHTS! THE LOGICAL LAYER OF DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Layered on top of the Physical Infrastructure's thousands of networks and satellites, the Internet's Logical Layer is what delivers One Internet for the world through Unique Identifiers (Names, Numbers, and Protocol Parameters). ICANN coordinates the administration of this layer in partnership with other technical communities to ensure the security, stability, resiliency, and integrity of this critical layer.