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The movements of the Earth
- 1. THE MOVEMENTS OFTHE EARTH AND ITS EFFECTS
- 2. The movements ofthe Earth The Earth moves in two different ways: Rotation . Revolution .
- 3. Rotation The Earthrotates (spins) on its own axis.
- 4. Rotation Its axisis an imaginary line between the North Pole and the South Pole. The axis is tilted.
- 5. Rotation The Earthtakes 24 hours to complete a full circle = a day.
- 6. The Earth’s axisis not perpendicular to the plane of the Earth’s orbit. The axis is tilted 23.5º with respect to the plane of movement around the Sun.
- 7. The consequences ofrotation The rotation of the Earth every 24 hours causes day and night. It is day on the side of Earth where the sun shines. On the other side of Earth is night.
- 8. The consequences ofrotation Rotation, seen from North Pole, is anticlockwise (from west to east) .
- 9. So the Sunrises in the east. Sunset: when the Sun disappears at the end of the day. Sunrise: when the sun first appears in the morning
- 10. Revolution The Earthrevolves around the Sun. The Earth takes 365 ¼ days to complete the revolution = a year.
- 11. The consequences ofrevolution: the seasons Three factors cause the seasons: The revolution of the Earth around the Sun The tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation respects to the Plane of the Ecliptic. The tilt of the Earth’s axis remains constant.
- 12. The tilt ofthe axis causes: Differences in temperature Differences in the duration of day and night.
- 13. Revolution causes: -The four characteristic positions of the Earth (summer and winter solstices and spring and autumn equinoxes ) . - The seasons of the year
- 14. Solsticies and equinoxesSolstice: one of two days in the year when the Sun is at its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon (12 pm)
- 15. Solsticies and equinoxesEquinox: one of two days in the year when day and night are the same length of time.
- 16. The Seasons TheSun is not at the exact centre of the Earth’s orbit and the Earth’s orbit around the Sun is not a perfect circle. So, the distance of the Earth from the Sun varies as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
- 17. The seasons inthe Northern Hemisphere During the summer in the northern hemisphere, the Earth is farther away from the Sun. The temperature is higher because there are more hours of daylight and because the Sun’s rays hit the Earth’s surface at an angle of 90º.
- 18. During the seasons,temperature changes depend on angle at which the Sun’s rays hit the Earth.
- 19.
- 20. The seasons arecaused by: The movement of the Earth around the Sun. The tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation. The fact that the tilt remains constant.