The New Route Discovery Technique for Secure Message Delivery in Vehicular Adhoc Network (Vanet) using DRI Table Approach

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2036
THE NEW ROUTE DISCOVERY TECHNIQUE FOR SECURE MESSAGE
DELIVERY IN VEHICULAR ADHOC NETWORK (VANET) USING DRI
TABLE APPROACH
Ramandeep Kaur1, Er. Rupinderpal Singh2
1M.Tech Student, Computer Science, Global Institute of Management & Emerging Technologies, PTU, Punjab
2HOD, Computer Science, Global Institute of Management & Emerging Technologies, PTU, Punjab
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Abstract - VANET contains vehicle and devices placed on roads is called Road-Side Unit (RSU).The wireless transmission
and receiving of data done by device is called on board unit (OBU). The transmission between vehicle and RSU is made
possible by OBU. The data or message transmission between two moving vehicle is called vehicular Ad Hoc Network .Since
there is frequent change in network therefore the topology does not remain due to which it is called as Vehicular Ad hoc
network or temporary network. A Vehicle to Vehicle communication is called V2V and communication between infrastructure
and vehicle is called V2I. The road side accident are increase day by day so to reduce accident VANET play important role in
reducing accident on road. One of the main challenges within the style of vehicular ad-hoc network is that the developments of
a dynamic routing protocol which will facilitate broadcasting within the nodes. While transmission between Vehicles and
Vehicles to road side unit the privacy of data message should be taken in concern. It is important to check whether the
message sent by sender is authentic or not before sending to receiver. The authenticity of data sender should be checked by
authority for efficient transmission. The technique is proposed in which every node will maintain its Data Routing Information
(DRI) table by applying New Route Discovery (NRD) Technique. The Data Routing Information (DRI) table will contain the ID
of nodes which will contain secure route path from source to destination.
Key Words: VANET, NRD, DRI
1. INTRODUCTION
VANET is a particular kind of MANET that allows information transfer between neighboring vehicles (V2V) and nearby fixed
roadside unit (RSU) to make Vehicle to Road (V2I) communication [7]. A vehicle can communicate with another vehicle
directly which is called Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication, and vehicle can communicate with an infrastructure such as a
Road Side Unit (RSU), known as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. VANET consists of moving vehicles
communicating with each other as well as with some nearby RSU [18]. These kinds of communications may facilitate to stop
the accidents, the analysis of post accident or traffic congestion by permitting vehicles to share and broadcast security info
with alternative vehicles to notify the drivers and additionally could facilitate to acquire the weather information, traffic, and
real time news [7].

2. ARCHITECTURE OF VANET
Fig: - Architecture of VANET [13]
The elements needed in VANETs are On-board Unit, Application Unit and Road-side Unit. An On-board Unit is an equipment
that exist in vehicle and aids in distribution of info with RSUs or with additional OBUs. Road-side Unit is a road side
infrastructure that could be permanent beside roads junctions, parking slots, fuel pumps, intake joints, etc. It consist of a
device with networking facilities that employ for short range wireless communications with IEEE 802.11p.An Application Unit
is an equipment that reside in vehicle and perform applications using the commuting abilities of the OBU [10].
3. SECURITY IN VANET
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are appearing as the most popular network layout for Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS), providing intercommunication between close vehicles in the support of web connection, in addition to a
diversity of security applications [17]. When a vehicle detect an occurrence like a disaster or accident, terrible road situation
because of climate, traffic congestion, etc., it’s necessary to transmit that info to vehicles in suitable areas thus their drivers can
take applicable steps [1]. The issue is to create a protocol that can send a message from one supply node to every node in her
communication vary with the maximum potential reliability and lowest delay. A successful message distribution in VANETs
requires an effective decision mechanism so as to increase reliability and keep the overhead low. The decision measure
concerning when and how a security message ought to be transfer or continual is an open matter [17]. Malicious, egocentric
and interloper drivers can take benefits of alternative cooperative drivers and make use of their belief. Malicious drivers can
transmit compromised messages that proclaim bogus statuses of traffic characteristics over the encompassing region. For
example, they may mislead alternative drivers by announcing some road segments in extremely crowded situation. The
receiving drivers consider that passing through these road segments might utilize additional traveling time and stop following
an alternative route approaching their targeted destination. After that, these malicious drivers get pleasure from their trip
through a light and comfy traffic atmosphere after directed traffic somewhere else incorrectly. Furthermore, at the signalized
road intersection malicious nodes might report a bogus large priority condition (e.g., ambulance, police vehicle), or incorrectly
large traffic density. The intelligent traffic light allocates a larger priority for such a flow of traffic wherever the malicious
vehicle will pass the road intersection easily. On the other hand, vehicles on different competing flows of traffic endure from
additional queuing delay time; this additionally reduces the throughput of the signalized road intersection. At the similar time,
interloper might use the collaboration aspect between drivers in these protocols to stalk and chase alternative drivers. The
private info concerning the driver visits, destinations and position throughout any period of time are targeted by interloper

[9]. In such conditions, the integrity and authenticity of the messages transmitted by the vehicles need to be verified whereas
at the similar time the obscurity of the senders of those messages ought to be preserved i.e. the identities of the vehicles or
drivers mustn’t be discovered to any other vehicle or driver [1].
4. RELATED WORK
Kiho Lim et al. [2016] stated that the economical or efficient protocols are useful for quick dissemination of genuine or valid
messages in VANETs. It ensures the obscurity or secrecy of the senders and also provides mechanism for enforcement
agencies to trace the messages to their senders, once necessary. During this protocol, RSUs not solely manifest or authenticate
messages sent by vehicles quick; however also distribute messages through another or opposite RSUs to the vehicles within
the acceptable areas quickly [1].
Roshan Jahan et al. [2016] stated that the existence of malicious nodes in network impact the network transmission.
Malicious nodes generate different category of attacks in network to damage the communication or transmission.
Communication in VANET is influenced by various problems, like traffic on road and fast mobility. They present a technique
for reliable or valid communication in VANET through well organized routing protocol. The proposed protocol is efficient to
verify malicious node in network, and appropriately change the route for packet dissemination [2].
Pandi Vijayakumar et al. [2016] proposed a double authentication method to offer a huge level of safety in the vehicle area
to efficiently avoid the unauthorized vehicles getting into the VANET. They additionally present a double group key
management technique to effectively assign a group key to a set of users and to update such group keys throughout the users’
connect and depart operations [3].
Imen Achour et al. [2015] present a density-based protocol for safety message distribution, known as “Redundancy Based
Protocol (RBP)”. The objective of this protocol is to cope with the broadcast storm problem by minimizing excessive
broadcasts whereas providing high packet reachability and a low end-to-end delay in a highway atmosphere. It takes into
consideration the neighboring vehicles’ density throughout the broadcasting procedure with a particular metric, named
“Packet Redundancy Ratio”, computed locally at every vehicular node. On the premise of this metric, every vehicle is capable to
dynamically identify the probability of rebroadcast in order to alleviate the broadcast storm problem [8].
Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache et al. [2016] present a latest resolution for the detection of intellectual malicious behaviors
based on the adaptive detection threshold. They proposed a brand new trust-based method using threshold adaptive control
scheme to deal with attackers that intellectually adapt and vary their behavior to keep away from the detection and to escape
elimination from all network operations [4].
Chan-Ki Park et al. [2013] analyze communication rate of various data packet size in Vehicular Adhoc Networks. At the
results, there exists a distinction in communication effectiveness. Therefore, when VANETs broadcast information to neighbor
nodes, data packet size is extremely significant issue for enhancing VANETs performance [14].
Dr.Parminder Singh [2014] calculate the performance of vehicular ad hoc network using different QOS metrics, which
influence the performance of network transmission, and additionally examine the QoS performance using metrics routing
overhead, packet delivery ratio and average delay with 1024 bytes packets for unicast routing protocols and multicast routing
protocols in urban atmosphere. They examine the performance of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc on demand Distance
Vector routing (AODV), Adaptive Demand driven Multicast Routing (ADMR), and On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol
(ODMRP). After estimation, results are compared with 512 bytes packets to observe the distinction in performance of vehicles
with various packet sizes [11].

Sisily Sibichen et al. [2013] present an effective Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol that eliminates the
harmful node by separating it, thereby ensuring safe information transmission. Nodes can connect or depart at any time in
adhoc network therefore an effective safety measures are required. So, the nodes are organized in spanning tree manner. An
RSA key exchange and two encryption methods are used between authorized neighbours in the adhoc network to offer
additional security and therefore keep away from group rekeying issues [15].
Shubham Mittal et al. [2016] present a method to enhance the adaptability of the protocol with the dynamic topology. Since
vehicle/node in Vehicular adhoc network is a high-speed moving entity, therefore the path between the nodes splits
commonly. The algorithm creates an alternate path for the information packet dissemination when link split happens. This
method enhances the flow rate of information packets in the network and reduces the end-to-end delay. The simulation is
accomplished to estimate the network performance, and the result of AODV-AP demonstrates the high packet delivery ratio
and lesser network overhead as compared to AODV and OLSR [5].
N Rajashekar et al. [2016] discusses on how to broadcast the packets safely in adhoc networks. The dissemination of packets
relies upon the size of the data for broadcasting. The delay is caused in encrypting large quantity of information. To keep away
from this delay, they converse different techniques used on how to encrypt and offer protection for little fragments of
information, in order to decrease the communication delay. Decryption and de-fragmentation of information is accomplished
at destination end. The packets which are disseminate throughout the routing path, is made protected, so as to prevent the
loss of packets within the network. By performing the safe routing, the effectiveness in dissemination of packets will be
enhanced and the packets will be disseminated with reduced information loss in the network [6].
Ankit Kumar et al. [2014] discussed the security requirements in VANETs such as Confidentiality, Data Integrity, Non-
repudiation, Authentication, Availability and Access Control. They also discuss the attacks to Authentication, Availability,
Confidentiality, Data Integrity and Access Control. They present framework to offer security in Vehicular adhoc network [12].
Dr. L. G. Malik et al. [2013] presents the analysis of worldwide research work on different problems associated to VANET;
challenges, stability, performance parameters and solutions to them [16].
5. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The main work of proposed methodology is to found reliable path between nodes for transmission .The proposed
methodology work in two phases
5.1. Malicious Node Detection
5.2. New Route discovery (NRD) Technique
5.1. Malicious Node Detection
1. To initiate the network, the movement of the nodes will be displayed in simulation area.
2. Data from source node to destination node is send by generating path. Intermediate nodes are lying between source and
destination node. Source node sends Route Request (RREQ) Packet to find the path.
3. When there is no reply from any node within given time or the node take time to send data then source node will
considered it as malicious node.
4. If any intermediate node reply for path from source to destination node but it drops packets then that node will be
considered as malicious node.
5. If intermediate node un-route packet from source to destination after sending Route Reply (RREP) Packet to source node
then that node will be considered as malicious node.

5.2. New Route discovery (NRD) Technique
1. After initiating network, every node will maintain its Data Routing Information (DRI) table by applying New Route
Discovery (NRD) Technique.
2. The Data Routing Information (DRI) table will contain the ID of nodes which will contain secure route path from source to
destination.
3. If intermediate node within the network already exist in Data Routing Information (DRI) table of sender
node then sender node will send data to the intermediate node.
FLOWCHART:-New Route Discovery (NRD) Technique

ALGORITHM: New Route Discovery (NRD) Technique
N= No of Route Discovered, NRD= New Route Discovery, DRI= Data Routing Information
1. for time = 1 to simulation time
2. for i= 1:N, where N Route Discovery
3. Route Discovery with NRD Technique
4. if (Route Find)
5. Add Node ID in DRI Table
Else
6. Request for New Route
Else
7. Broadcast Message
8. endif
9. end
Configuration Table used for Evaluation of Results
S.No. Parameter Value(s)
1
Simulator used
NS 2.35
2
Simulation Time
10 Secs
3
Simulation Area
1000 X 1000
4
MAC
802.11
5
Number of nodes
30
6
Number of RSU
3
6. RESULT ANALYSIS
The aim of our proposed technique is to decrease message transmission overhead. The communication between vehicle to
vehicle and vehicle to RSU is done in our proposed Technique. The reliable nodes are identified in vehicle to vehicle and
vehicle to RSU communication .The reliable nodes are identified by NRD technique and DRI Table is maintained with reliable
nodes. The optimal path is generated in DRI table which is used for communication between various nodes and RSU, the DRI
table help in reducing message retransmission and better transmission in VANET. The comparison result between previous
technique and proposed technique shown in fig 1,2,3 and Table 1,2,3 for 10, 20, and 30 Vehicles. The results show that
proposed technique has better performance than previous technique.
Message overhead for 10 Vehicles: The comparison result between previous technique and proposed technique has
shown in fig 1 and Table 1 for 10 Vehicles. The result show that proposed technique has better performance than previous
technique as message transmission increases the overhead result value for previous technique is higher as compared to
Proposed Technique.

Fig 1: comparison of message overhead for 10 vehicles Table 1: comparison of message
overhead for 10 vehicles
Message overhead for 20 Vehicles: The comparison result between previous technique and proposed technique shown
in fig 2 and Table 2 for 20 Vehicles. The result shows that proposed technique has better performance than previous
technique. Overhead value of previous technique increases with the increase in no of vehicles. The performance while with the
20 no of nodes the evaluation values of message overhead of proposed technique is less as compared to previous technique.
Message
Sent
NRD Previous
Technique
1 15 20
2 16 22
3 17 32
4 22 46
5 26 52
6 41 70
7 49 72
8 50 75
9 50 75
10 69 100
11 72 110
12 72 112
13 110 116
14 112 119
15 129 119
16 145 190
17 166 200
18 172 205
19 180 215
20 200 216

Fig2: comparison of message overhead for 20 vehicles Table 2:comparison of message
Message overhead for 30 Vehicles: The comparison result between previous technique and proposed technique shown
in fig 3 and Table 3 for 30 Vehicles. The results show that proposed technique has better performance than previous
technique.
Message
Sent
NRD Previous
Technique
1 13 20
2 15 25
3 22 38
4 65 100
5 85 115
6 156 185
7 169 190
8 186 199
9 192 200
10 200 220
11 210 229
12 225 250
13 256 269
14 290 310
15 300 385
16 351 390
17 390 400
18 399 410
19 400 415
20 410 422

Fig 3: comparison of message overhead for 30 vehicles Table 3: comparison of message
7. CONCLUSION:
The DRI Table technique is proposed in which every node will maintain its Data Routing Information (DRI) table by applying
New Route Discovery (NRD) Technique for VANET. The Data Routing Information (DRI) table will contain the ID of nodes
which will contain secure route path from source to destination. If intermediate node within the network already exist in Data
Routing Information (DRI) table of sender node then sender node will send data to the intermediate node. The proposed
technique will remove non secure path which help in increasing throughput and packet delivery ratio of network. The
proposed algorithm continuously updates the routing table. The proposed technique will reduce the overall congestion. The
proposed algorithm provides detail evaluation of message overhead. Our proposed technique provide better solution than
previous technique.
Message
Sent
NRD Previous
Technique
1 15 30
2 25 50
3 68 70
4 90 150
5 110 190
6 159 200
7 198 210
8 200 225
9 210 245
10 210 265
11 225 290
12 245 299
13 284 300
14 290 310
15 315 400
16 350 415
17 400 450
18 425 500
19 450 510
20 475 600

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The New Route Discovery Technique for Secure Message Delivery in Vehicular Adhoc Network (Vanet) using DRI Table Approach

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