The Particle Theory
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The particle theory states that all matter is composed of small particles and that each substance has its own unique type of particle. According to the theory, particles have space between them and are always moving, with more movement occurring at higher temperatures. Particles are also attracted to one another. The particle model can explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases as well as changes of state.
The Particle Theory
- 1. The Particle Theory particle model of matter
- 2. Look at this picture. What do you see? Students, a book, a pencil, a window. What are these things made of?
- 3. Books are made of paper, glue, and ink. The pencil is made of wood, graphite, metal, and an eraser. Windows are made of glass. Students are made of living cells, tissues, and organs.
- 4. Each of the objects in the that picture is very different from the others. Yet all the objects are alike in some ways. All these things are matter
- 5. What’s the matter?!!! Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter is the "stuff" that everything in the universe is made of.
- 6. For instance, you can take a piece of aluminum and cut it into tiny little pieces, and each piece is still a shiny, lightweight metal. If you could cut that aluminum into pieces that are too small to see with your eyes or even with a good microscope, it would still be aluminum. Elements are made of only one kind of atom. Elements are called "pure" substances.
- 7. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest pieces of an element that still have the properties of that element.
- 8. Atoms of different elements can combine to make many other things. When two or more atoms combine, they make a molecule. A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance that can exist. A molecule can be made of the same kind of atoms or different kinds. A molecule of ozone is made of three oxygen atoms joined together. A molecule of water (H2O) is made of one oxygen atom bonded to two atoms of hydrogen.
- 9. Just as the 26 letters of our alphabet can combine to make millions of words, the elements can combine to make a huge number of different kinds of substances.
- 10. scientific model of the structure of matter particle model of matter
- 11. According to the particle theory there are five main points to the particle theory:
- 12. 1. All matter is made of small particles
- 13. 2. Each substance has its own kind of particle, which is different from other substances
- 15. 3. All particles have space between them
- 16. 4. All particles are always moving more energy (heat) produces more movement heating and cooling particles
- 17. 5. All particles are attracted to one another
- 18. Why the Particle Theory???
- 19. the particle model can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It can also be used to explain what happens in changes of state
- 21. exercises
- 22. Explain • Solids have a hard rigid shape and a definite volume – particles are very close together and attract each other
- 23. Explain • Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas but carbon dioxide is not, even though they both consist of carbon and oxygen – #2 – each substance has its own kind of particle which is different from other substances
- 24. Explain • A balloon filled with helium gas shrinks when taken outside on a cold winter day – #5 – particles move more slowly at cooler temperatures and thus, move closer together
- 25. Explain • In which container will a tablespoon of sugar dissolve faster: in a cup of hot tea or in a glass of iced tea (neither is stirred) in a cup of hot tea: particles are moving faster and therefore, they spread apart more quickly
- 26. Summary Everything you see is made of matter – even the stars in the sky at night. Matter has mass and volume, and these can be measured. On Earth, most matter exists in three different states - solid, liquid, and gas. Matter is made of atoms. Atoms of only 120 different elements can combine to make many substances.