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The Periodic Table
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table is organized into rows called periods and columns called families or groups. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Metals are on the left and center of the table, while non-metals are on the right. Metalloids separate metals and non-metals. Chemical families have elements with similar properties, such as alkali metals in Group 1 reacting easily with water and air. The number of valence electrons increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
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The Periodic Table
- 1. The Periodic Tableof Elements
- 2. The Periodic TableThe horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods The vertical columns are called families (or groups ) Elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties
- 3.
- 4. Metals Metals areon the left and in the centre of the periodic table Metals have the following physical properties: conduct heat and electricity ductile and malleable shiny solid at room temperature (except mercury)
- 5. Metals Metals havethe following chemical properties: can easily corrode/oxidize react with acid to release hydrogen gas
- 6.
- 7. Non-Metals Non-metals areon the right side of the periodic table Non-metals have the following physical properties: poor conductors of heat and electricity usually solid or gas at room temperature (only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature)
- 8. Non-Metals Non-metals havea wide range of chemical properties and reactivities have a tendency to gain electrons in a chemical reaction
- 9.
- 10. Metalloids Metals areseparated from non-metals by a staircase of elements called metalloids Metalloids are elements with properties intermediate between metals and non-metals silicon tellurium
- 11. Metalloids Physical properties:solid at room temperature can be shiny or dull brittle (not ductile) may conduct electricity, poor conductor of heat Chemical properties: vary silicon tellurium
- 12.
- 13. Chemical Families ChemicalFamily = Groups of elements that have similar physical and chemical properties
- 14. Chemical Families AlkaliMetals (Group 1) Reactivity: reacts easily with water and air reacts easily with halogens Physical Properties: Shiny, silvery Only found in nature as compounds Compounds are white solids soluble in water
- 15. Chemical Families AlkalineEarth Metals (Group 2) Reactivity: less reactive than group 1 metals Physical Properties: shiny, silvery forms compounds that are often insoluble in water
- 16. Chemical Families Halogens (Group 17 ) Reactivity: reacts easily with alkali metals Physical Properties: poisonous exists naturally as compounds
- 17. Chemical Families NobleGases (Group 18) Reactivity: inert, stable, unreactive can be excited by electricity to produce colours, but are chemically unchanged Physical Properties colourless, odourless gases at room temperature does not form compounds
- 18.
- 19. Chemical Families Allatoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons For example, all elements in group 1 have one valence electron
- 20. Elements will reactso that they have the same number of electrons as an atom of the closest noble gas. Noble Gases
- 21. For example, neon is the closest noble gas in the periodic table to sodium , magnesium and aluminum Noble Gases
- 22. Periodic Table reactivityincreases
- 23.