The Properties of Water
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Water has several unique physical properties. It has a high boiling point of 100°C and reaches maximum density at 4°C, becoming less dense as it freezes to ice. Water also has a high specific heat, meaning it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. This moderates climate. As the universal solvent, water readily dissolves many substances and transports nutrients and wastes. It is also a powerful agent for weathering earth's surface through erosion. Water's surface tension is caused by molecular cohesion, allowing insects to float on its surface.
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The Properties of Water
- 1. Water and it’s Properties
- 7. PURE WATER • is an odorless and tasteless liquid • Bluish tint • At standard atmospheric pressure, its freezing point is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C
- 8. Density is a measure of mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.
- 9. Water is at its maximum density at a temperature of 4°C. It has the unusual property of contracting in volume as it is cold to 4°C, and then expanding when cold from 4°C to 0°C. The only liquid that expands when it freezes. This makes the density of ice lower than that of liquid water and that is why ice floats on water.
- 10. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid.
- 11. Water has a relatively high boiling point at 100 °C. However, the boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes according to elevation. Water boils at a lower temperature as you gain altitude (e.g., going higher on a mountain), and boils at a higher temperature if you increase atmospheric pressure (coming back down to sea level or going below it).
- 12. The boiling point of water also depends on the purity of the water. Water that contains impurities (such as salted water) boils at a higher temperature than pure water.This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation.
- 13. Specific heat of a substance is the ratio of the amount of heat required to change its temperature to cause the same temperature change in the same mass of water.
- 14. Water takes much longer time to heat up and also to cool down . Water temperature fluctuates less than land temperature such that land temperature, like the oceans, serve as moderating influence on the earth’s climate.
- 15. The ability of a liquid (solvent) to dissolve solids (solute)
- 16. Water as the “Universal Solvent” Water is the most commonly used polar solvent making it the most effective liquid for transporting dissolved nutrients, and eliminating toxic wastes in the body
- 17. Water as the “Universal Solvent” The most important agent in the erosion of weathered materials on earth’s surface
- 18. Water as the “Universal Solvent” This ability makes the water easily and stays polluted
- 19. The elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible.
- 20. This property is caused by the molecules in the liquid being attracted to each other (cohesion).
- 21. The surface can hold up a weight, and the surface of a water droplet holds the droplet together, in a ball shape.
- 22. Surface tension allows insects (e.g.Water Strider), usually denser than water, to float and slide on a water surface.