The range and scope of computer applications
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The document discusses the fundamental components of computer systems, including software and hardware, as well as their functions. It explains the distinction between types of software: system software, which includes operating systems, and application software, which performs specific user tasks. Additionally, it explores networking concepts, describing Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN), along with the role of modems and expert systems that utilize artificial intelligence.
The range and scope of computer applications
- 1. The range and scope ofThe range and scope of computer applicationscomputer applications 1.1. IntroductionIntroduction 2.2. Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware 3.3. Types of applicationTypes of application 4.4. Expert systemsExpert systems
- 2. IntroductionIntroduction What is Information Technology???What is Information Technology??? What is a computer???What is a computer??? Why do we study IT?Why do we study IT? Why do we need a computer??Why do we need a computer??
- 3. All computer systems havve to haveAll computer systems havve to have following basic parts:following basic parts: 1. Input1. Input 2. Output2. Output 3. Processing3. Processing 4. Storage4. Storage Whenever u see a computer try to think inWhenever u see a computer try to think in terms of these four parts...terms of these four parts... Try to think of data that is used and whatTry to think of data that is used and what the system needs in order to do what it isthe system needs in order to do what it is meant to do.meant to do.
- 4. Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware SoftwareSoftware ComputerComputer instructionsinstructions oror datadata.. Written coded commands that tell a computer what tasksWritten coded commands that tell a computer what tasks to perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Pictureto perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Picture Easy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programsEasy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programs Anything that can beAnything that can be storedstored electronically is software.electronically is software. The programs and instructions which direct a computer.The programs and instructions which direct a computer. TheThe storagestorage devicesdevices and display devices areand display devices are hardwarehardware.. The distinction between software and hardware isThe distinction between software and hardware is sometimes confusing because they are so integrallysometimes confusing because they are so integrally linked.linked. Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are buyingClearly, when you purchase a program, you are buying software. But to buy the software, you need to buy thesoftware. But to buy the software, you need to buy the diskdisk (hardware) on which the software is recorded.(hardware) on which the software is recorded.
- 5. Software is often divided into twoSoftware is often divided into two categories:categories: systems softwaresystems software :: Includes theIncludes the operating systemoperating system and all theand all the utilitiesutilities thatthat enable the computer to function.enable the computer to function. applications softwareapplications software :: IncludesIncludes programs that do real work for users. Forprograms that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheets,example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems falland database management systems fall under the category of applicationsunder the category of applications software.software.
- 6. HardwareHardware The physical components of a computerThe physical components of a computer system-the computer, plotters, printers,system-the computer, plotters, printers, terminals, digitizers, and so on.terminals, digitizers, and so on. The physical equipment of a computerThe physical equipment of a computer system, including the central processingsystem, including the central processing unit, data-storage devices, terminals andunit, data-storage devices, terminals and printers.printers. Physical, tangible component of aPhysical, tangible component of a computer.computer.
- 7. What is a network???What is a network??? What about internet???What about internet??? Do You have a modem at home???Do You have a modem at home??? For what is the modem used for???For what is the modem used for??? What is LAN and What is WAN???What is LAN and What is WAN???
- 8. When two or more computers areWhen two or more computers are connected to each other it is calledconnected to each other it is called network.network. Internet is global network, consisting out ofInternet is global network, consisting out of millions of computers.millions of computers.
- 9. ModemModem Modem is special piece of equipment thatModem is special piece of equipment that allows computers to link to the internetallows computers to link to the internet through the telephone system.through the telephone system. Short for modulator/demodulator. AShort for modulator/demodulator. A communications device that converts onecommunications device that converts one form of a signal to another that is suitableform of a signal to another that is suitable for transmission over communicationfor transmission over communication circuits, typically from digital to analog andcircuits, typically from digital to analog and then from analog to digital.then from analog to digital.
- 10. LANLAN A computer network limited to the immediate area,A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building.usually the same building or floor of a building. Communications network connecting computers by wire,Communications network connecting computers by wire, cable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of ancable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of an organization located close to one another, generally inorganization located close to one another, generally in the same building or within 2 miles of one another.the same building or within 2 miles of one another. Allows users to share software, hardware and data.Allows users to share software, hardware and data. is a data network used to connect nodes that areis a data network used to connect nodes that are geographically close, usually within the same building. Ingeographically close, usually within the same building. In a wider view of a local area network, multiple local areaa wider view of a local area network, multiple local area networks are interconnected in a geographically compactnetworks are interconnected in a geographically compact area (such as a university campus), usually by attachingarea (such as a university campus), usually by attaching the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone.the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone.
- 11. WANWAN A wide area network (WAN) is a geographicallyA wide area network (WAN) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. Thedispersed telecommunications network. The term distinguishes a broader telecommunicationterm distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network. A wide areastructure from a local area network. A wide area network may be privately owned or rented, butnetwork may be privately owned or rented, but the term usually connotes the inclusion of publicthe term usually connotes the inclusion of public (shared user) networks. An intermediate form of(shared user) networks. An intermediate form of network in terms of geography is a metropolitannetwork in terms of geography is a metropolitan area network (MAN).area network (MAN). Group of computers located geographicallyGroup of computers located geographically apart, usually belonging to a single company orapart, usually belonging to a single company or organisation, connected together usingorganisation, connected together using dedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a localdedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a local network.network.
- 12. Types of applicationTypes of application Computers are found everywhere aroundComputers are found everywhere around us.us. Of some u are even not aware of.Of some u are even not aware of. They range from enormously large once toThey range from enormously large once to tiny microprocessors.tiny microprocessors. Micro processors are programmed to doMicro processors are programmed to do just one thing such as control the washingjust one thing such as control the washing machine.machine.
- 13. Expert systemsExpert systems Special type of computer systems that stores allSpecial type of computer systems that stores all the knowledge of an expert in a particularthe knowledge of an expert in a particular subject so that people can ask it questions.subject so that people can ask it questions. If the system can remember things and chooseIf the system can remember things and choose better option then it is said to have artificialbetter option then it is said to have artificial intelligence.intelligence. Knowledge in an expert system does not changeKnowledge in an expert system does not change A system with artificial intelligence is able toA system with artificial intelligence is able to learn.learn.