The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 13 of 84
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The document discusses various string and date/time functions in the Ring programming language. It describes functions for: - Working with substrings using substr() to find, extract, or replace substrings. - Comparing strings with strcmp(). - Converting between strings and lists with str2list() and list2str(). - Getting the current time and date using functions like time(), date(), and TimeList(). - Performing date calculations with addDays() and diffDays(). - Checking data types and string contents with functions like isString(), isNumber(), type(), and character checking functions.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
** 09 Hour (12)
** 144 Day of the year
** 05 Month of the year
** 58 Minutes after hour
** AM AM or PM
** 38 Seconds after the hour
** 21 Week of the year (sun-sat)
** 0 day of the week
** 05/24/15 date
** 09:58:38 time
** 15 year of the century
** 2015 year
** Arab Standard Time time zone
** % percent sign
*/
See TimeList()
Example:
See "Day Name : " + TimeList()[2] # Sunday
Example:
See "Month Name : " + TimeList()[4] # May
23.6 AddDays() Function
Syntax:
AddDays(cDate,nDays) ---> Date from cDate and after nDays
Example:
cDate = date()
see cDate + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate = adddays(cDate,10)
see cDate + nl # 03/06/2015
23.7 DiffDays() Function
Syntax:
DiffDays(cDate1,cDate2) ---> number of days (Date1 - Date2)
Example:
cDate1 = date()
see cDate1 + nl # 24/05/2015
cDate2 = adddays(cDate1,10)
see cDate2 + nl # 03/06/2015
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate1,cDate2) + nl # -10
see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate2,cDate1) + nl # 10
23.6. AddDays() Function 105](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/121ringring-170217110851/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-13-of-84-6-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
IsNumber(value) ---> 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not
Example:
see isnumber(5) + nl + # print 1
isnumber("hello") + nl # print 0
24.4 IsList() Function
Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not
Syntax:
IsList(value) ---> 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not
Example:
see islist(5) + nl + # print 0
islist("hello") + nl + # print 0
islist([1,3,5]) # print 1
24.5 Type() Function
We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function.
Syntax:
Type(value) ---> The Type as String
Example:
see Type(5) + nl + # print NUMBER
Type("hello") + nl + # print STRING
Type([1,3,5]) # print LIST
24.6 IsNULL() Function
We can check the value to know if it’s null or not using the IsNULL() function
Syntax:
IsNULL(value) ---> 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not
Example:
see isnull(5) + nl + # print 0
isnull("hello") + nl + # print 0
isnull([1,3,5]) + nl + # print 0
isnull("") + nl + # print 1
isnull("NULL") # print 1
24.4. IsList() Function 107](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/121ringring-170217110851/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-13-of-84-8-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 13 of 84
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 22.10 Substr() Function We can work on sub strings inside a string using the substr() function. Using Substr() we can • Find substring • Get substring from position to end • Get Number of characters from position • Transform Substring To Another Substring 22.11 Find substring Syntax: substr(string,substring) ---> the starting position of substring in string Example: cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language" see substr(cStr,"Ring") # print 16 22.12 Get substring from position to end Syntax: substr(string,position) ---> Get substring starting from position to end Example: cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language" nPos = substr(cStr,"Ring") # nPos = 16 see substr(cStr,nPos) # print Ring programming language 22.13 Get Number of Characters From Position Syntax: substr(string,position,count) ---> Get characters starting from position Example: cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language" nPos = substr(cStr,"Ring") # nPos = 16 see substr(cStr,nPos,4) # print Ring 22.14 Transform Substring To Another Substring Syntax: 22.10. Substr() Function 100
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 substr(string,substring,newsubstring) ---> Transformed string (Match case) substr(string,substring,newsubstring,1) ---> Transformed string (Ignore case) Example: cStr = "Welcome to the New programming language" see substr(cStr,"New","Ring") + nl # print Welcome to the Ring programming language see substr(cStr,"new","Ring",1)+ nl # print Welcome to the Ring programming language 22.15 strcmp() Function We can compare between two strings using the strcmp() function. Syntax: strcmp(cString1,cString2) ---> value = 0 if cString1 = cString2 value < 0 if cString1 < cString2 value > 0 if cString1 > cString2 Example: see strcmp("hello","hello") + nl + strcmp("abc","bcd") + nl + strcmp("bcd","abc") + nl Output: 0 -1 1 22.16 str2list() and list2str() Functions We can convert string lines to list items using the str2list() function. Also we can convert the list to a string using list2str() function. Syntax: str2list(string) ---> list contains the string lines list2str(list) ---> string contains the list items Example: /* output: ** Items : 4 ** Item : Hello ** Item : How are you ? ** Item : are you fine ? ** Item : ok ** list2Str result = Hello ** How are you ? ** are you fine ? ** ok ** Done */ 22.15. strcmp() Function 101
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 mystr = "Hello How are you ? are you fine ? ok" mylist = str2list(mystr) see "Items : " + len(mylist) + nl for x in mylist see "Item : " + x + nl next newstr = list2str(mylist) see "list2Str result = " + newstr if mystr = newstr see nl + "Done" else see nl + "Error!" ok 22.16. str2list() and list2str() Functions 102
- 4. CHAPTER TWENTYTHREE DATE AND TIME In this chapter we are going to learn about the date and time functions. 23.1 Clock() Function Syntax: Clock() ---> The number of clock ticks from program start Example: See "Calculate performance" + nl t1 = clock() for x = 1 to 1000000 next see clock() - t1 23.2 ClocksPerSecond() Function Return how many clocks in one second Syntax: clockspersecond() ---> Number of clocks in one second Example: # Wait 1 second t = clock() while clock() - t <= clockspersecond() end 23.3 Time() Function We can get the system time using the Time() function. Example: See "Time : " + time() 103
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 23.4 Date() Function We can get the date using the Date() function. Syntax: Date() ---> String represent the date "dd/mm/yyyy" Example: See "Date : " + date() # Date : 24/05/2015 23.5 TimeList() Function We can print the date and the time information using the TimeList() function. Syntax: TimeList() ---> List contains the time and date information. The next table presents the list items index value 1 abbreviated weekday name 2 full weekday name 3 abbreviated month name 4 full month name 5 Date & Time 6 Day of the month 7 Hour (24) 8 Hour (12) 9 Day of the year 10 Month of the year 11 Minutes after hour 12 AM or PM 13 Seconds after the hour 14 Week of the year (sun-sat) 15 day of the week 16 date 17 time 18 year of the century 19 year 20 time zone 21 percent sign Example: /* Output: ** Sun abbreviated weekday name ** Sunday full weekday name ** May abbreviated month name ** May full month name ** 05/24/15 09:58:38 Date & Time ** 24 Day of the month ** 09 Hour (24) 23.4. Date() Function 104
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 ** 09 Hour (12) ** 144 Day of the year ** 05 Month of the year ** 58 Minutes after hour ** AM AM or PM ** 38 Seconds after the hour ** 21 Week of the year (sun-sat) ** 0 day of the week ** 05/24/15 date ** 09:58:38 time ** 15 year of the century ** 2015 year ** Arab Standard Time time zone ** % percent sign */ See TimeList() Example: See "Day Name : " + TimeList()[2] # Sunday Example: See "Month Name : " + TimeList()[4] # May 23.6 AddDays() Function Syntax: AddDays(cDate,nDays) ---> Date from cDate and after nDays Example: cDate = date() see cDate + nl # 24/05/2015 cDate = adddays(cDate,10) see cDate + nl # 03/06/2015 23.7 DiffDays() Function Syntax: DiffDays(cDate1,cDate2) ---> number of days (Date1 - Date2) Example: cDate1 = date() see cDate1 + nl # 24/05/2015 cDate2 = adddays(cDate1,10) see cDate2 + nl # 03/06/2015 see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate1,cDate2) + nl # -10 see "DiffDays = " + diffdays(cDate2,cDate1) + nl # 10 23.6. AddDays() Function 105
- 7. CHAPTER TWENTYFOUR CHECK DATA TYPE AND CONVERSION In this chapter we are going to learn about the functions that can be used for • Checking Data Type • Checking Character • Conversion 24.1 Check Data Type The next functions can be used to check the data type • isstring() • isnumber() • islist() • type() • isnull() 24.2 IsString() Function Using the IsString() function we can know if the value is a string or not Syntax: IsString(value) ---> 1 if the value is a string or 0 if not Example: see isstring(5) + nl + # print 0 isstring("hello") + nl # print 1 24.3 IsNumber() Function Using the IsNumber() function we can know if the value is a number or not Syntax: 106
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 IsNumber(value) ---> 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not Example: see isnumber(5) + nl + # print 1 isnumber("hello") + nl # print 0 24.4 IsList() Function Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not Syntax: IsList(value) ---> 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not Example: see islist(5) + nl + # print 0 islist("hello") + nl + # print 0 islist([1,3,5]) # print 1 24.5 Type() Function We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function. Syntax: Type(value) ---> The Type as String Example: see Type(5) + nl + # print NUMBER Type("hello") + nl + # print STRING Type([1,3,5]) # print LIST 24.6 IsNULL() Function We can check the value to know if it’s null or not using the IsNULL() function Syntax: IsNULL(value) ---> 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not Example: see isnull(5) + nl + # print 0 isnull("hello") + nl + # print 0 isnull([1,3,5]) + nl + # print 0 isnull("") + nl + # print 1 isnull("NULL") # print 1 24.4. IsList() Function 107
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 24.7 Check Character The next functions can be used to check character • isalnum() • isalpha() • iscntrl() • isdigit() • isgraph() • islower() • isprint() • ispunct() • isspace() • isupper() • isxdigit() 24.8 IsAlNum() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsAlNum() Function Syntax: IsAlNum(value) ---> 1 if the value is digit/letter or 0 if not Example: see isalnum("Hello") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("123456") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 1 isalnum("How are you") # print 0 because of spaces 24.9 IsAlpha() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsAlpha() Function Syntax: IsAlpha(value) ---> 1 if the value is a letter or 0 if not Example: see isalpha("Hello") + nl + # print 1 isalpha("123456") + nl + # print 0 isalpha("ABCabc123") + nl + # print 0 isalpha("How are you") # print 0 24.7. Check Character 108
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 24.10 IsCntrl() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsCntrl() Function Syntax: IsCntrl(value) ---> 1 if the value is a control character (no printing position) or 0 if not Example: See iscntrl("hello") + nl + # print 0 iscntrl(nl) # print 1 24.11 IsDigit() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsDigit() Function Syntax: IsDigit(value) ---> 1 if the value is a digit or 0 if not Example: see isdigit("0123456789") + nl + # print 1 isdigit("0123a") # print 0 24.12 IsGraph() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsGraph() Function Syntax: IsGraph(value) ---> 1 if the value can be printed (Except space) or 0 if not Example: see isgraph("abcdef") + nl + # print 1 isgraph("abc def") # print 0 24.13 IsLower() Function We can test a character or a string using the IsLower() Function Syntax: IsLower(value) ---> 1 if the value is lowercase letter or 0 if not Example: see islower("abcDEF") + nl + # print 0 islower("ghi") # print 1 24.10. IsCntrl() Function 109