The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 36 of 196

Ring Documentation, Release 1.7
clock()
...
Note: The complete list is removed from the previous output.
43.5 islocal() Function
We can check if a variable is deﬁned in the local scope or not using the islocal() function.
Syntax:
islocal(cVariableName) --> returns 1 if the variable is defined in the local scope
returns 0 if the variable is not defined in the local scope
Example:
test()
func test
x=10 y=20
see islocal("x") + nl +
islocal("y") + nl +
islocal("z") + nl
Output:
1
1
0
43.6 isglobal() Function
We can check if a variable is deﬁned in the global scope or not using the isglobal() function.
Syntax:
isglobal(cVariableName) --> returns 1 if the variable is defined in the global scope
returns 0 if the variable is not defined in the global scope
Example:
x=10 y=20
test()
func test
see isglobal("x") + nl +
isglobal("y") + nl +
isglobal("z") + nl
Output:
1
1
0
43.5. islocal() Function 322

43.7 isfunction() Function
We can check if a Ring function is deﬁned or not using the isfunction() function.
Syntax:
isfunction(cFunctionName) --> returns 1 if the Ring function is defined
returns 0 if the Ring function is not defined
Example:
see isfunction("f1") + nl +
isfunction("f2") + nl +
isfunction("f3") + nl
func f1
see "message from f1()" + nl
func f2
Output:
1
1
0
43.8 iscfunction() Function
We can check if a C function is deﬁned or not using the iscfunction() function.
Syntax:
iscfunction(cFunctionName) --> returns 1 if the C function is defined
returns 0 if the C function is not defined
Example:
see iscfunction("len") + nl +
iscfunction("add") + nl +
iscfunction("test") + nl
Output:
1
1
0
43.9 packages() Function
We can get a list of packages names using the packages() function.
Syntax:
packages() --> a list contains packages names
43.7. isfunction() Function 323

Example:
See packages()
Package Package1
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package2
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package3
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package4
Class class1
Func f1
Output:
package1
package2
package3
package4
43.10 ispackage() Function
We can check if a package is deﬁned or not using the ispackage() function.
Syntax:
ispackage(cPackageName) --> returns 1 if the Package is defined
returns 0 if the Package is not defined
Example:
See ispackage("package1") + nl +
ispackage("package4") + nl +
ispackage("package5") + nl +
ispackage("package3") + nl
Package Package1
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package2
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package3
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package4
Class class1
Func f1
43.10. ispackage() Function 324

Output:
1
1
0
1
43.11 classes() Function
We can get a list of classes names using the classes() function.
Syntax:
classes() --> a list contains classes names
Example:
See classes()
Class class1
Func f1
Class class2
Func f1
Class class3
Func f1
Output:
class1
class2
class3
43.12 isclass() Function
We can check if a class is deﬁned or not using the isclass() function.
Syntax:
isclass(cClassName) --> returns 1 if the Class is defined
returns 0 if the Class is not defined
Example:
see isclass("class4") + nl +
isclass("class3") + nl +
isclass("class2") + nl
Class class1
func f1
class class2
func f1
class class3
func f1
43.11. classes() Function 325

Output:
0
1
1
43.13 packageclasses() Function
We can get a list of classes names inside a package using the packageclasses() function.
Syntax:
packageclasses(cPackageName) --> a list contains classes names inside the package
Example:
see "classes in Package1" + nl
see packageclasses("Package1")
see "classes in Package2" + nl
see packageclasses("Package2")
Package Package1
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package2
Class class1
Func f1
Class class2
Func f1
Class class3
func f1
Output:
classes in Package1
class1
classes in Package2
class1
class2
class3
43.14 ispackageclass() Function
We can check if a class is deﬁned inside package or not using the ispackageclass() function.
Syntax:
ispackageclass(cPackageName,cClassName) --> returns 1 if the Class is defined
returns 0 if the Class is not defined
Example:
see ispackageclass("package1","class1") + nl +
ispackageclass("package1","class2") + nl +
ispackageclass("package2","class1") + nl +
43.13. packageclasses() Function 326

ispackageclass("package2","class2") + nl
Package Package1
Class class1
Func f1
Package Package2
Class class1
Func f1
Class class2
Func f1
Class class3
func f1
Output:
1
0
1
1
43.15 classname() Function
We can know the class name of an object using the classname() function
Syntax:
classname(object) --> Returns the object class name
Example:
o1 = new point
o2 = new rect
see classname(o1) + nl # print point
see classname(o2) + nl # print rect
class point
class rect
43.16 objectid() Function
We can know the object id using the objectid() function
Syntax:
objectid(object) --> Returns the object id
Example:
o1 = new point
see objectid(o1) + nl
test(o1)
func test v
see objectid(v) + nl
43.15. classname() Function 327

Class point x y z
Output:
021B5808
021B5808
43.17 isobject() Function
We can check the variable to know if it’s an object or not using the isobject() function
Syntax:
isobject(variable) --> Returns True if it's an object, False if it's not
43.18 attributes() Function
We can get the object attributes using the attributes() function
Syntax:
attributes(object) --> Returns a list contains the object attributes
Example:
o1 = new point
aList = attributes(o1) # we can use see attributes(o1)
for t in aList see t next # print xyz
Class Point x y z
43.19 methods() Function
We can get the object methods using the methods() function
Syntax:
methods(object) --> Returns a list contains the object methods
Example:
o1 = new test
aList = methods(o1)
for x in aList
cCode = "o1."+x+"()"
eval(cCode)
next
Class Test
func f1
see "hello from f1" + nl
func f2
43.17. isobject() Function 328

func f3
func f4
Output:
hello from f1
hello from f2
hello from f3
hello from f4
43.20 isattribute() Function
We can test if the object contains an attribute or not using the isattribute() function
Syntax:
isattribute(object,cAttributeName) --> Returns True if the object contains the attribute
Example:
o1 = new point
see isattribute(o1,"x") + nl # print 1
see isattribute(o1,"t") + nl # print 0
see isattribute(o1,"y") + nl # print 1
see isattribute(o1,"z") + nl # print 1
class point x y z
43.21 isprivateattribute() Function
We can test if the object contains a private attribute or not using the isprivateattribute() function
Syntax:
isprivateattribute(object,cAttributeName) --> Returns True if the object
contains the private attribute
Example:
o1 = new person
see isprivateattribute(o1,"name") + nl +
isprivateattribute(o1,"address") + nl +
isprivateattribute(o1,"phone") + nl +
isprivateattribute(o1,"job") + nl +
isprivateattribute(o1,"salary")
Class Person
name address phone
private
job salary
43.20. isattribute() Function 329

Output:
0
0
0
1
1
43.22 ismethod() Function
We can test if the object class contains a method or not using the ismethod() function
Syntax:
ismethod(object,cMethodName) --> Returns True if the object class contains the method
Example:
o1 = new point
see ismethod(o1,"print") + nl # print 1
mylist = []
mylist + new point
see ismethod(mylist[1],"print") + nl # print 1
class point x y z
func print
see x + nl + y + nl + z + nl
43.23 isprivatemethod() Function
We can test if the object class contains a private method or not using the isprivatemethod() function
Syntax:
isprivatemethod(object,cMethodName) --> Returns True if the object class contains
the private method
Example:
o1 = new Test
see isprivatemethod(o1,"f1") + nl +
isprivatemethod(o1,"f2")
Class Test
func f1
private
func f2
Output:
43.22. ismethod() Function 330

0
1
43.24 addattribute() Function
We can add an attribute (or a group of attributes) to the object state (not the class) using the addattribute() function
Syntax:
AddAttribute(object,cAttributeName|aAttributesList)
Example(1):
see new point {x=10 y=20 z=30}
Class Point
AddAttribute(self,["x","y","z"])
Example(2):
o1 = new point
addattribute(o1,"x")
addattribute(o1,"y")
addattribute(o1,"z")
see o1 {x=10 y=20 z=30}
class point
Output:
x: 10.000000
y: 20.000000
z: 30.000000
43.25 addmethod() Function
We can add a method to the object class using the addmethod() function This method can be used with any object from
the same class.
Syntax:
AddMethod(Object,cNewMethodName,cMethodName|AnonymousFunction)
Example:
o1 = new point { x=10 y=20 z=30 }
addmethod(o1,"print", func { see x + nl + y + nl + z + nl } )
o1.print()
Class point
x y z
Output:
43.24. addattribute() Function 331

The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 36 of 196

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The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 36 of 196