The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 81 of 196
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Here are a few key points about distributing Ring applications: - Ring2EXE is now the preferred way to distribute Ring apps for Windows, Linux, and macOS. It bundles the Ring runtime and your code into a single executable. - For older versions, you can copy the Ring binaries and rename ring.exe to your app name. Then include a ring.ring file that loads your main source file. - To protect source code, compile to a .ringo object file rather than distributing .ring source files. The object code cannot be easily read or modified. - Consider licensing your code appropriately if distributing commercially. An open source license like MIT may be suitable for free/non-commercial use.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.7
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr
Line 13
Rule : Statement --> 'Class' Identifier
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
===================================================
67.3 Printing Intermediate Code
Command:
ring test.ring -ic -norun
Output:
67.3. Printing Intermediate Code 772](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/801pdfsamfayedringdoc1-180722102934/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-7-book-Part-81-of-196-1-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.7 book - Part 81 of 196
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr Line 13 Rule : Statement --> 'Class' Identifier Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr =================================================== 67.3 Printing Intermediate Code Command: ring test.ring -ic -norun Output: 67.3. Printing Intermediate Code 772
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 =================================================== Byte Code - Before Execution by the VM =================================================== PC OPCode Data 1 ReturnNull 2 Func main 3 NewLine 2 4 FuncExE 5 PushC Hello World 6 LoadA nl 0 7 PushV 8 SUM 0 9 Print 10 NewLine 3 11 ExitMark 29 28 12 LoadAFirst x 13 PushN 1.000000 14 BeforeEqual 0 15 Assignment 16 PushN 1.000000 17 StepNumber 18 JumpVarLENum x 10.000000 29 19 NewLine 4 20 FuncExE 21 LoadA x 0 22 PushV 23 LoadA nl 0 24 PushV 25 SUM 0 26 Print 27 NewLine 5 28 IncJump x 18 29 POPExitMark 30 POPStep 31 NewLine 6 32 LoadFunc test 33 Call 0 34 NoOperation 35 NewLine 8 36 PushV 37 FreeStack 38 ReturnNull 39 Func test 40 NewLine 9 41 FuncExE 42 PushC welcome 43 LoadA nl 0 44 PushV 45 SUM 0 46 Print 47 NewLine 10 48 LoadA o1 0 49 AssignmentPointer 50 New point 51 SetScope 52 PushV 67.3. Printing Intermediate Code 773
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 53 BraceStart 54 LoadA x 0 58 55 AssignmentPointer 56 PushN 10.000000 57 BeforeEqual 0 58 Assignment 0 0 59 FreeStack 60 LoadA y 0 64 61 AssignmentPointer 62 PushN 20.000000 63 BeforeEqual 0 64 Assignment 0 0 65 FreeStack 66 LoadA z 0 70 67 AssignmentPointer 68 PushN 30.000000 69 BeforeEqual 0 70 Assignment 0 0 71 FreeStack 72 LoadFunc ismethod 73 LoadA self 0 74 PushV 75 PushC braceend 76 Call 77 NoOperation 78 PushV 79 JumpZ 85 80 LoadFunc braceend 81 Call 82 NoOperation 83 PushV 84 FreeStack 85 BraceEnd 86 FreeStack 87 NewLine 11 88 FuncExE 89 LoadA o1 0 90 PushV 91 Print 92 NewLine 13 93 ReturnNull 94 Class point 006E8BC0 95 NewLabel 96 LoadA x 0 97 PushV 98 FreeStack 99 LoadA y 0 100 PushV 101 FreeStack 102 LoadA z 0 103 PushV 104 FreeStack 105 ReturnNull =================================================== 67.3. Printing Intermediate Code 774
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 67.4 Printing Final Intermediate Code Command: ring test.ring -icfinal Output: Hello World 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 welcome x: 10.000000 y: 20.000000 z: 30.000000 =================================================== Byte Code - After Execution by the VM =================================================== PC OPCode Data 1 ReturnNull 2 Func main 3 NewLine 2 4 FuncExE 5 PushC Hello World 6 PushP 007D3670 0 7 PushV 8 SUM 0 9 Print 10 NewLine 3 11 ExitMark 29 28 12 LoadAFirst x 13 PushN 1.000000 14 BeforeEqual 0 15 Assignment 16 PushN 1.000000 17 StepNumber 18 JumpVarLPLENum x 10.000000 29 19 NewLine 4 20 FuncExE 21 PushPLocal x 0 22 PushV 23 PushP 007D3670 0 24 PushV 25 SUM 0 26 Print 27 NewLine 5 67.4. Printing Final Intermediate Code 775
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 28 IncLPJump x 18 29 POPExitMark 30 POPStep 31 NewLine 6 32 LoadFuncP test 33 Call 0 34 NoOperation 35 NewLine 8 36 PushV 37 FreeStack 38 ReturnNull 39 Func test 40 NewLine 9 41 FuncExE 42 PushC welcome 43 PushP 007D3670 0 44 PushV 45 SUM 0 46 Print 47 NewLine 10 48 PushPLocal o1 0 49 AssignmentPointer 50 New point 51 SetScope 52 PushV 53 BraceStart 54 LoadA x 0 58 55 AssignmentPointer 56 PushN 10.000000 57 BeforeEqual 0 58 SetProperty 0 106 59 FreeStack 60 LoadA y 0 64 61 AssignmentPointer 62 PushN 20.000000 63 BeforeEqual 0 64 SetProperty 0 141 65 FreeStack 66 LoadA z 0 70 67 AssignmentPointer 68 PushN 30.000000 69 BeforeEqual 0 70 SetProperty 0 176 71 FreeStack 72 LoadFunc ismethod 73 LoadA self 0 74 PushV 75 PushC braceend 76 Call 77 NoOperation 78 PushV 79 JumpZ 85 80 LoadFunc braceend 81 Call 82 NoOperation 83 PushV 84 FreeStack 85 BraceEnd 67.4. Printing Final Intermediate Code 776
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 86 FreeStack 87 NewLine 11 88 FuncExE 89 PushPLocal o1 0 90 PushV 91 Print 92 NewLine 13 93 ReturnNull 94 Class point 007D8470 95 NewLabel 96 LoadA x 0 97 PushV 98 FreeStack 99 LoadA y 0 100 PushV 101 FreeStack 102 LoadA z 0 103 PushV 104 FreeStack 105 ReturnNull 106 LoadFunc ismethod 107 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 108 PushV 109 PushC setx 110 Call 0 111 NoOperation 112 PushV 113 JumpZ 132 114 NewLine 2 115 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 116 LoadMethod setx 117 LoadA ring_settemp_var 0 118 PushV 119 Call 0 1 120 AfterCallMethod 121 PushV 122 FreeStack 123 NewLine 3 124 LoadA ring_tempflag_var 0 128 125 AssignmentPointer 126 PushN 0.000000 127 BeforeEqual 0 128 Assignment 0 0 129 FreeStack 130 NewLine 4 131 Jump 140 132 NewLine 5 133 PushP 007D37D8 0 137 134 AssignmentPointer 135 PushN 1.000000 136 BeforeEqual 0 137 Assignment 0 0 138 FreeStack 139 NewLine 6 140 Return 141 LoadFunc ismethod 142 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 143 PushV 67.4. Printing Final Intermediate Code 777
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 144 PushC sety 145 Call 0 146 NoOperation 147 PushV 148 JumpZ 167 149 NewLine 2 150 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 151 LoadMethod sety 152 LoadA ring_settemp_var 0 153 PushV 154 Call 0 1 155 AfterCallMethod 156 PushV 157 FreeStack 158 NewLine 3 159 LoadA ring_tempflag_var 0 163 160 AssignmentPointer 161 PushN 0.000000 162 BeforeEqual 0 163 Assignment 0 0 164 FreeStack 165 NewLine 4 166 Jump 175 167 NewLine 5 168 PushP 007D37D8 0 172 169 AssignmentPointer 170 PushN 1.000000 171 BeforeEqual 0 172 Assignment 0 0 173 FreeStack 174 NewLine 6 175 Return 176 LoadFunc ismethod 177 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 178 PushV 179 PushC setz 180 Call 0 181 NoOperation 182 PushV 183 JumpZ 202 184 NewLine 2 185 LoadA ring_gettemp_var 0 186 LoadMethod setz 187 LoadA ring_settemp_var 0 188 PushV 189 Call 0 1 190 AfterCallMethod 191 PushV 192 FreeStack 193 NewLine 3 194 LoadA ring_tempflag_var 0 198 195 AssignmentPointer 196 PushN 0.000000 197 BeforeEqual 0 198 Assignment 0 0 199 FreeStack 200 NewLine 4 201 Jump 210 67.4. Printing Final Intermediate Code 778
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 202 NewLine 5 203 PushP 007D37D8 0 207 204 AssignmentPointer 205 PushN 1.000000 206 BeforeEqual 0 207 Assignment 0 0 208 FreeStack 209 NewLine 6 210 Return =================================================== 67.5 CGI Support Command: ring test.ring -cgi 67.6 No Run Command: ring test.ring -norun 67.7 Printing Instruction Operation Code Command: ring test.ring -ins Output: =================================================== Operation : ReturnNull PC : 1 Line Number : 1 , File test.ring SP (After) : 0 - FuncSP : 0 LineNumber 1 =================================================== ..... ..... ..... Tip: Output removed from the previous example because it’s very large! 67.8 Performance Command: 67.5. CGI Support 779
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.7 ring test.ring -performance Output: =================================================== Date : 2015/09/15 Time : 15:56:17 Clock : 0 =================================================== Hello World 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 welcome x: 10.000000 y: 20.000000 z: 30.000000 =================================================== Date : 2015/09/15 Time : 15:56:17 Clock : 0 =================================================== 67.9 Generate Object File You can generate object file (.ringo) from your source code file (.ring) using -go option Tip: You will get one object file to use for distributing/running your application which may contains one or many ring source files that you can keep or distribute based on the application (commercial or open source). Command: ring test.ring -go To run the compiled object file ring test.ringo 67.9. Generate Object File 780
- 10. CHAPTER SIXTYEIGHT DISTRIBUTING RING APPLICATIONS In this chapter we will learn about distributing Ring applications. The next method is old and was used in Ring 1.5 and previous versions! Starting from Ring 1.6 we have a nice tool called Ring2EXE Using Ring2EXE we can distribute applications quickly for Windows, Linux and macOS Check the Ring2EXE chapter for more information! 68.1 Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows Step 1: Copy c:ringbin folder to be for example c:myapp Step 2: Rename c:myappring.exe to c:myappmyapp.exe Step 3: Create a file c:myappring.ring And write Load "myapp.ring" When you run myapp.exe the file ring.ring will be executed automatically So your file myapp.ring will be called and executed Or just rename myapp.ring to ring.ring It’s a fast way to distribute applications. 68.2 Protecting the Source Code Step 1: Execute the next command ring myapp.ring -go 781