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The role of geospatial information in a hyper connected society
The document discusses the significance of geospatial information in a hyper-connected society, highlighting terms such as the digital earth, geo big data, and the internet of things. It emphasizes the use of technology and open access to enhance geospatial data and participatory approaches in environmental and social contexts. Furthermore, it outlines the role of citizens as sensors and the evolving nature of geographic information systems in modern society.
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The role of geospatial information in a hyper connected society
- 1. The role ofgeospatial information in a hyper-connected society Maria Antonia Brovelli Politecnico di Milano – Como Campus Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Italy International Conference On Geospatial Information Science Seoul – September, 16th 2015 POLITECNICO DI MILANO GEOlab - COMO Campus
- 2. 2Overview ●Modelling the Earth ●TheDigital Earth ●The Geospatial Web ●Geo Big Data/ Internet of Things ●Web Geo Services/Viewers ●The Participatory Earth ●The Internet of Places and of Everything ●GeoForAll GeoCrowd
- 3. 3Modeling the Earth(1) “ ... In that Empire, the Art of Cartography attained such Perfection that the map of a single Province occupied the entirety of a City, and the map of the Empire, the entirety of a Province. In time, those Unconscionable Maps no longer satisfied, and the Cartographers Guilds struck a Map of the Empire whose size was that of the Empire, and which coincided point for point with it. The following Generations, who were not so fond of the Study of Cartography as their Forebears had been, saw that that vast map was Useless, and not without some Pitilessness was it, that they delivered it up to the Inclemencies of Sun and Winters.“ Jorge Luis Borges, On Exactitude in Science from A Universal History of Infamy (1960)
- 4. 4 ● Clearly, the mapis not a miniaturised reproduction of a portion or of the entire Earth's surface, but rather an abstraction, a MODEL. What we see is strongly influenced by the choices made by the map author. ● Some of the limitations were surpassed by the new technology and by the transition from paper to digital maps. Some of them linger on and/or cannot be eliminated so they pose new challenges. Modeling the Earth (2)
- 5. 5 The Digital Earth(DE) was introduced in 1998 by Al Gore, as a tri-dimensional and multi- resolution model of the planet which make it possible to visually put in place the huge amount of geo-referenced information about the physical and social environment. This system allows the user to navigate not only in space but also in time, by having access to historical data sets and to future prevision based on social and environmental models. Gore, A., 1998 The Digital Earth: underdstanding our planet in the 21st century, http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=6210. The Digital Earth (1)
- 6. 6 There isn't asingle Digital Earth. The Digital Earth is a mix of shared, multi- thematic, multi-resolution and multi- perspective archives of geo-referenced knowledge, which meet the requirements of different parties, like scientist, decision makers, cummunity and citizens. All these archives, which are updated in real- time thanks to sensor observations and information, are interconnected. The Digital Earth (2)
- 7. 7 The Digital Earthis based on open access and on the users participation through multiple technological platforms. According to this paradigm it's possible to access data, information, services, models, scenarios and predictions, ranging from simple inquiries to complex analyses that refer to environmental and social fields. The Digital Earth (3)
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- 9. 9Geo Big Data ● Everyday we create 2.5 trillion (1018 ) bytes of data. 80 % of these are already georeferenced or can be. ● It's a huge dataset, equal to a DVD tower that goes from the Earth to the Moon every day. 384.400 km
- 10. 10Geo Big Data:Satellites Active satellites Inactive satellites Space debris Rocket parts ●Since 1957 there have been at least 26,000 space objects orbiting Earth. ●There are currently more than 12,000 man-made orbiting objects, the rest have re-entered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated, or survived re- entry and impacted the Earth. ●These orbiting space objects range from satellites weighing several tons to pieces of spent rocket bodies weighing under 10 pounds. ●About 3,000 space objects are operational satellites, the rest are space debris, retired satellites and rocket bodies left over from launches.
- 11. 11Geo Big Data:Satellites
- 12. 12 Sensors are everywhereand they are the electronic skin of the Earth Geo Big Data: Sensors Citizens as sensors
- 13. 13Example 1: EarthServer Agile Analytics on 1+ Petabyte space/time datacubes • Earth Science (3D sat image timeseries, 4D weather); Planetary Science Open standards, open source • OGC WCS + WCPS, integrated data/ metadata search • rasdaman + NASA WorldWind + more Intercontinental initiative: EU+US+AUS www.earthserver.eu EarthServer: Datacubes at Your Fingertips Peter Baumann & al, Jacobs Univ. Bremen -Germany
- 14. 14Example 2: supportfor massive datasets in GRASS Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature: Data from 2000-today 4 Earth coverages per day Processing of 17,000 maps of 415 million pixels each (250 m size) ● In total 300 nodes with 600 Gb RAM ● 132 TB of raw disk space, XFS, GlusterFS ● Scientific Linux operating system, blades headless ● Queue system for job management (Grid Engine), used for GRASS jobs ● Computational time for all data: 1 month with LST-algorithm V2.0 ● Computational time for one LST day: 3 hours on 2 nodes Markus Neteler & al, FEM-Italy http://gis.cri.fmach.it/eurolst/
- 15. 15Internet of Things(IoT) By 2020 there will be 26 billions of connected devices. The Internet of things is a possible evolution of the use of the Internet. The objects become recognisable thanks to the ability to communicate data about themselves and to access information provided by others.
- 16. 16Geo Big Data:social media http://www.internetlivestats.com/ 9,890 Tweets sent in 1 second 2,528 Instagram photos uploaded in 1 second 2,153 Tumblr posts in 1 second 1,843 Skype calls in 1 second 29,290 GB of Internet traffic in 1 second 50,232 Google searches in 1 second 106,299 YouTube videos viewed in 1 second 2,420,172 Emails sent in 1 second
- 17. 17 Geo Big Data: location-basedsocial network http://onemilliontweetmap.com/ http://www.flickr.com/map
- 18. 18Geo Big Data:Milano GRID ● Two months of data, with a temporal step of 10 minutes ● Grid of 100 x 100 cells with size = 235 m https://dandelion.eu/datamine/open-big-data/
- 19. 19 ● Received SMS: aCall Detail Record (CDR) is generated each time a user receives an SMS ● Sent SMS: a CDR is generated each time a user sends an SMS ● Incoming Calls: a CDR is generated each time a user receives a call ● Outgoing Calls: CDR is generated each time a user issues a call ● Internet: a CDR is generate each time – a user starts an internet connection – a user ends an internet connection – during the same connection one of the following limits is reached: • 15 minutes from the last generated CDR • 5 MB from the last generated CDR ● Geolocalized Twetts (Anonymized twitter users) Geo Big Data: Milano GRID
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- 21. 21Sensing the City- 1 Students: Emanuele Mariani, Jacopo Mossina; Supervisors: Giorgio Zamboni, Maria A Brovelli http://landcover.como.polimi.it/BGDV/
- 22. 22Sensing the City- 2 Student: Anna Trofimova Supervisors: Carolina Arias, Maria A Brovelli
- 23. 23Sensing the City- 2 Filtering with date and land coverage classes
- 24. 24Sensing the City- 2 Student: Anna Trofimova Supervisors: Carolina Arias, Maria A Brovelli http://landcover.como.polimi.it/socialmedia_rasdaman/
- 25. 25Sensing the City- 3 Carolina Arias, Maria A Brovelli, Simone Corti http://landcover.como.polimi.it/BigNetCDF/
- 26. 26Sensing the City- 3 Filtering Interactive multidimensional web visualisation - ESTWA Maria A Brovelli, Giorgio Zamboni
- 27. 27 Web Service “... asoftware system designed to support the interoperability between network machines ” NETWORK NETWORK Web Geospatial Service “...specific web services for geospatial data and information” Web Geospatial Services
- 28. 28 CataloguesData RASTER DATA GRID DATA VECTORDATA Other geospatial data (e.g. sensors) Processing INPUT data PROCESSED DATA Geo Services Types
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- 30. 30 Server Client INTERNET DIGITAL TERRAINMODEL BASIC MAP THEMATIC MAP Cartographic Mashup
- 31. 31 INTERNET CATALOGUE A CATALOGUE B CATALOGUEC (Metadata) CATALOGUE A CATALOGUE B CATALOGUE C Geo-Catalogue Service
- 32. 32 INTERNET TIN Triangulated Irregular Network Scattered points heightmeasures Scattered points height measures TIN Processing: Delaunay Triangulation Processing Service
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- 34. 34 Images, Videos, Positions, Sounds,… images, videos, sounds, positions INTERNET The Participatory Earth
- 35. 35Apps for collectingdata Architectural barriersArchitectural barriers Cultural elementsCultural elements Street furnitureStreet furniture BiodiversityBiodiversity
- 36. 362D Viewer architecture SERVERCLIENT template form GeoJSON AGGREGATE COLLECT compiled form DATA STORAGE DATA ACQUISITION DATA WEB PUBLICATION DATA WEB VISUALIZATION
- 37. 37Policrowd2.0 (virtual globe)architecture
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- 39. 39The Internet ofPlaces and of Everything Although much of the hype has been around things becoming part of the Internet, the additive power of the Internet comes into play when things, people, places and systems work together. This describes a concept Gartner calls the "Internet of Everything”. The Internet of Things is just one piece of this concept alongside ● the Internet of People (such as social networks or IM presence), ● the Internet of Places (such as Foursquare or any location that can broadcast information about itself), ● the Internet of Information (for example, the World Wide Web, or systems that can share information through APIs or Web services). Kristian Steenstrup (Vice President and Gartner Fellow in Gartner's Office of the CIO Research team)
- 40. 40GeoForAll Geocrowd Geocrowdsourcing CitizenScienceFOSS4G Peter Mooney & Maria A Brovelli
- 41. 41 Thanks for yourattention! Thanks to all people of my team contributing on these topics: Carolina Arias, Simone Corti, Eylul Candan Kilsedar, Marco Minghini, Monia Molinari, Giorgio Zamboni Thanks to Peter Baumann, Peter Mooney and Markus Neteler Politecnico di Milano GEOlab Como Campus Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como (Italy) [email protected]