The verb

 The verb is perhaps the most important
part of the sentence. A verb or
compound verb asserts something
about the subject of the sentence and
express actions, events, or states of
being. The verb or compound verb is
the critical element of the predicate of a
sentence.

 In English, the infinitive of a verb is formed
by adding the word “to.” Examples include:
to learn, to act, and to be.
 In Spanish,
the infinitive
of a verb is indicated
by one of the following
endings:
 –AR, -ER, and -IR.
Here are some common verbs.

 A single-word verb in
Spanish contains
information about time
(past, present, future),
person and number.
The process of grammatically
modifying a verb
to express this information
is called conjugation.

GRAMMATICAL TENSE:
 Depending on the language, verbs may express grammatical tense,
aspect, or modality. Grammatical tense is the use of auxiliary verbs or
inflections.
 perfective aspect, in which the action is viewed in its entirety though
completion (as in "I saw the car")
 imperfective aspect, in which the action is viewed as ongoing; in some
languages a verb could express imperfective aspect more narrowly as:
 habitual aspect, in which the action occurs repeatedly (as in "I used to
go there every day"), or
 continuous aspect, in which the action occurs without pause;
continuous aspect can be further subdivided into
 stative aspect, in which the situation is a fixed, unevolving state (as in "I
know French"), and
 progressive aspect, in which the situation continuously evolves (as in "I
am running")
 perfect, which combines elements of both aspect and tense, and in
which both a prior event and the state resulting from it are expressed
(as in "I have studied well")

VALENCY:
The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its
valency or valence. Verbs can be classified according to
their valency:
 Avalent (valency = 0): the verb has neither a subject nor
an object. Zero valency does not occur in English; in some
languages such as Mandarin Chinese, weather verbs like
snow(s) take no subject or object.
 Intransitive (valency = 1, monovalent): the verb only has
a subject. For example: "he runs", "it falls".
 Transitive (valency = 2, divalent): the verb has a subject
and a direct object. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt
nothing".
 Ditransitive (valency = 3, trivalent): the verb has a
subject, a direct object, and an indirect object. For
example: "He gives her a flower."

VERBAL FORMS:
Auxiliary or Helping Verbs
The issues raised by Helping or Auxiliary
Verbs and Modal Auxiliaries are covered
in a separate section. Click here for help
with Auxiliary Verbs and Modal
Auxiliaries.
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and
another word or phrase, usually a
preposition. The resulting combination
creates what amounts to a new verb,
whose meaning can sometimes be
puzzling to non-native speakers.

 Causative Verbs
Causative verbs designate the action
necessary to cause another action to
happen. In "The devil made me do it." the
verb "made" causes the "do" to happen.
 Factitive Verbs
Verbs like make, choose, judge, elect, select,
name. are called factitive verbs. These
transitive verbs can take two objects, or
seem to:
They judged Philbert's dog Best of Show.
(where "dog" is the direct object and "Best
of Show" is the second complement).

 Progressive Verbs
The progressive tenses, which indicate
something being or happening, are formed with
the present participle form (ending in -ing)
along with various auxiliaries. "She is driving.
She was driving. She will be driving. She has
been driving. She had been driving. She will
have been driving”.
 Irregular Verbs
Most verbs in English form their various tenses
consistently: add -ed to the base of a verb to
create the simple past and past participle: he
walked; he has walked. There are, however, a
number of so-called irregular verbs,
(including, unfortunately, some very common
verbs such as to be and to have) whose various
forms must be memorized

 Sequence of Tenses
The relationship between verbs in a main clause and
verbs in dependent clauses is important. These verb
tenses don't have to be identical as long as they
reflect, logically, shifts in time and meaning: "My
brother had graduated before I started college." "My
brother will have graduated before I start

VERBAL:
 Verbals are words that seem to carry the idea of action or being
but do not function as a true verb. The are sometimes called
"nonfinite" (unfinished or incomplete) verbs. Because time is
involved with all verb forms, whether finite or nonfinite,
however, following a logical Tense Sequence is important
 Participle: a verb form acting as an adjective. The running dog
chased the fluttering moth. A present participle (like running or
fluttering) describes a present condition; a past participle
describes something that has happened: "The completely rotted
tooth finally fell out of his mouth." The distinction can be
important to the meaning of a sentence.
 Infinitive: the root of a verb plus the word to. To sleep,
perchance to dream. A present infinitive describes a present
condition: "I like to sleep." The perfect infinitive describes a
time earlier than that of the verb: "I would like to have won that
game." See the section on Sequence below for other forms as
well.

VERB TO BE:
 The verb “to be” means “Ser” or “Estar”. Its
meaning depends on the context of the sentence,
and the way we want to express it all times.
Then, as will be usual, Here we see a table with
Positive and negative sentence we are
studying.

Then, as will be usual, gives a table
where conjugation see, in both English
and Spanish of this verb we are
studying.

INFINITIVE AND GERUNDS
AND SEQUENCE:
Although they are not, strictly speaking,
verbs, infinitives and gerunds carry
within them the idea of action.
Combined with auxiliary verb forms,
like verbs, they also express various
shades of time.

ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL
MEANINGS:
 Although a gerund and an infinitive will often have practically the same
meaning ("Running in the park after dark can be dangerous" and "To
run in the park after dark can be dangerous"), there can be a difference
in meaning. Gerunds are used to describe an "actual, vivid, or fulfilled
action" whereas infinitives are better used to describe "potential,
hypothetical, or future events.
 EMOTION Actual Event Potential Event I hated practicing my violin
while the other kids were playing outside. I prefer to work during the
day.
 COMPLETION/INCOMPLETION Actual Event Potential Event We
began working on this project two years ago. We finished working on
this project a month ago. (Finish always takes a gerund.) We will
continue to work on this project for the next four months. I wonder
when we will start to wrap up this project.
 REMEMBERING
(such as remember, forget, regret) Juanita forgot to do her
homework. (meaning that Juanita failed to do her homework because
she didn't remember to do it) Juanita forgot doing her homework.
(meaning that Juanita did her homework but that she forgot she had
done so)

The verb

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The verb