Production involves transforming physical inputs into physical outputs. It has several important functions such as helping individuals fulfill wants and needs, serving as an indicator of living standards, and leading to higher income and employment which drives economic growth. Countries also depend on each other through economic interdependence between importing and exporting goods. A production function expresses the technological relationship between the quantity of physical inputs and resulting physical outputs of a firm or industry. It distinguishes between fixed factors like land, buildings, and equipment that remain constant and variable factors like raw materials and labor that can be adjusted based on output levels.