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ThreeLanguageFormulaak47.pptx
- 1. Hi! Oi! Aluu! Jambo! Salut! THREE LANGUAGE FORMULA Submitted to: Dr. Kiran Assistant Professor Dept. of Teacher Education CUH CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA Submitted By: Atul Kumar Singh Course: B.Ed. Roll No: 221829 Sec: A
- 3. INTRODUCTION The three-language formula is a language learning policy first formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states. ● The first recommendation for a three-language policy was made by the University Education Commission in 1948/1949, which did not find the requirement to study three languages to be an extravagance, citing the precedents of other multilingual nations such as Belgium and Switzerland. ● While accepting that Modern Standard Hindi was itself a minority language, and had no superiority over others such as Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Punjabi, Malayalam, As samese and Gujarati all of which had a longer history and greater body of literature, the commission still foresaw Hindi as eventually replacing English as the means by which every Indian state may participate in the federal functions.
- 4. • First language: It will be the mother tongue or regional language. • Second language: In Hindi speaking states, it will be other modern Indian languages or English. In non- Hindi speaking states, it will be Hindi or English. • Third Language: In Hindi speaking states, it will be English or a modern Indian language. In the non- Hindi speaking state, it will be English or a modern Indian language. Hi! ¡Hola! Oi! THREE LANGUAGE FORMULA
- 5. ● Need for three-language formula • The committee’s report observes that learning languages are an important part of a child’s cognitive development. • The primary aim is to promote multilingualism and national harmony. • Career opportunities: Proficiency in multiple languages can enhance career prospects and open up more opportunities in a multilingual country like India. • Cultural exchange and understanding • Educational benefits: Studies have shown that learning multiple languages has cognitive benefits, including improved memory, problem-solving skills, and overall brain function.
- 6. ● Issue in implementation • The states like Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Tripura were not ready to teach Hindi and Hindi-speaking states did not include any south Indian language in their school curriculum. • State governments often do not have adequate resources to implement the three –language formula. • The inadequacy of resources is perhaps the most important aspect of the challenge.
- 7. Constitutional provisions • Article 29 of the Constitution of India protects the interests of minorities. The Article states that any section of the citizens who have a “…distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.” • Article 343 is about the official language of the Union of India. According to this Article, it is to be Hindi in Devnagri script, and numerals should follow the international form of Indian numerals. This Article also states that English will continue to be used as an official language for 15 years from the commencement of the Constitution. • Article 346 is about the official language for communication between the states and between a state and the Union. The Article states that the “authorised” language will be used. However, if two or more states agree that their communications shall be in Hindi, then Hindi may be used.
- 8. Constitutional provisions • Article 347 gives the President the power to recognise a language as an official language of a given state, provided that the President is satisfied that a substantial proportion of that state desires that the language be recognised. Such recognition can be for a part of the state or the whole state. • Article 350A facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage. • Article 350B provides for the establishment of a Special Officer for linguistic minorities. The Officer shall be appointed by the President and shall investigate all matters relating to the safeguards for linguistic minorities, reporting directly to the President. The President may then place the reports before each house of the Parliament or send them to the governments of the states concerned.
- 9. Constitutional provisions • Article 351 gives power to the union government to issue a directive for development of the Hindi language. • Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India contains a list of 22 languages recognised schedule languages.
- 10. Thank you