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Tidal energy
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- 3. Tidal Energy Tidal energy,is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.
- 5. • Ocean tidesare the periodic rise and fall of ocean water level occurs twice in each lunar day (12 hours cycle) • During one lunar day (24.83 H) the ocean water level rises twice and fall twice. • Time interval between a consecutive low tide and high tide is 6.207 hrs.
- 6. • The differencein water height from low tide and high tide is potential energy. • To capture sufficient power from the tidal energy potential, the height of high tide must be at least five meters (16 feet) greater than low tide. • There are approximately 20 locations on earth with tides this high and India is one of them. The Gulf of Cambay and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat on the west coast have the maximum tidal range of 11m and 8m with average tidal range of 6.77m and 5.23m respectively.
- 8. 3 types ofgenerators
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- 12. Pro’s • Tidal streamgeneration is very cheap to implement • They can be incorporated into existing structures like bridges and docks • Acoustic properties of the blades in water seem to prevent wildlife from straying into their path. Con’s • Blades are prone to corrosion from saltwater • Can’t produce as much power as other types Tidal Stream Generators:
- 13. DYNAMIC TIDAL POWER:- •untried but promising technology for tidal power generation. • involve creating a long dam-like structure perpendicular to the coast and a coast-parallel barrier at the far end, forming a large 'T' shape • creating water level differences on opposite sides of the barrier which drive a series of bi-directional turbines installed in the dam • It is estimated that some of the largest dams could accommodate over 15 GW (15000 MW) of installed capacity
- 15. Dynamic Tidal Powerplant
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- 18. • Principle ofworking • Three main tidal energy barrage schemes: 1. Flood Generation 2. Ebb Generation 3. Two way Generation
- 19. 1.Tidal Barrage FloodGeneration • The tidal power is generated as the water enters the tidal reservoir on the incoming tide.
- 20. 2. Tidal BarrageEbb Generation • The tidal power is generated as the water leaves the tidal reservoir on the ebb tide. • More efficient than flood generation.
- 21. 3. Two wayTidal Barrage Generation uses both rising tide and falling tide requires more accurate control of gates less efficient than one way flood generation
- 22. Economics and EnvironmentalImpacts • Economics of tidal barrages: huge amount of initial capital investment take a long time to build design is quite complicated • Environmental Impacts: major disruption to the marine life lead to change in the migration pattern of Fishes quality of the water sediment levels would change
- 23. Energy calculation • Energyavailable from a barrage is dependent on the volume of water • The potential energy contained in a volume of water is: E = 1 2 A ρ g ℎ2 where, h is the vertical tidal range, A is the horizontal area of the barrage basin, ρ is the density of water, g is acceleration due to gravity
- 24. ADVANTAGES OF TIDALENERGY 1) It is an inexhaustible source of energy. 2) Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and doesn't produce greenhouse gases. 3) As 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, there is scope to generate this energy on large scale. 4) We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow cyclic fashion. 5) Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to coal, solar or wind energy. Its efficiency is around 80%. 6) Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but maintenance costs are relatively low. 7) Tidal Energy doesn’t require any kind of fuel to run. 8) The life of tidal energy power plant is very long. 9) The energy density of tidal energy is relatively higher than other renewable energy sources.
- 25. ADVANTAGES OF TIDALENERGY 1) Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high. 2) There are very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they too are localized to coastal regions only. 3) Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be damage to power generation units. 4) Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish. 5) The actual generation is for a short period of time. The tides only happen twice a day so electricity can be produced only for that time. 6) Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions. 7) Usually the places where tidal energy is produced are far away from the places where it is consumed. This transmission is expensive and difficult.
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- 27. Global Tidal EnergyScenario • First Tidal Power Plant in World La Rance Tidal Power Station(France) capacity-240 MW • Largest Tidal Power Station in World Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station (South Korea) capacity -254 MW,
- 28. Tidal Power Stationsin World • Tidal Power Stations in World
- 29. Indian Tidal EnergyScenario Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Cambay and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat on the west coast have the maximum tidal range of 11m and 8m. Ganges Delta in the Sundarbans is approximately 5m with an average tidal range of 2.97m.
- 30. Tidal Energy Potentialin India
- 31. Conclusion • Tidal poweris a renewable • Tides are completely predictable • Different types of Tidal Generators suit different areas and energy needs. • Environmental concerns need to be addressed when developing this technology further.
- 32. References • http://www.greenworldinvestor.com • http://www.alternativeenergytutorials.com •International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2 • Survey of Energy Resources, World Energy Council, Harnessing the Energy in Tides, 2007
Editor's Notes
- #3 Fossil fuels have been used for so many years, but along with production of much energy it also produces a lot of emission of harmful gases. So we have to find an alternative way for production of energy.
- #5 Gravitational forces between the moon, the sun and the earth cause the rhythmic rising and lowering of ocean waters around the world that results in Tide Waves. The moon exerts more than twice as great a force on the tides as the sun due to its much closer position to the earth. As a result, the tide closely follows the moon during its rotation around the earth,The gravitational force of the moon causes the oceans to bulge along an axis pointing directly at the moon. The magnitude of this attraction depends on the mass of the object and its distance away
- #9 Can only be installed on coastlines. Coastlines experience too high tides and too low tides on daily basis.
- #10 Tidal stream generators are similar to wind turbines, except, they are underwater. – underwater windmills.
- #11 The blades of the turbines get pushed causing them to spin. This kinetic energy of blades is converted into electrical energy. The electricity is eventually transferred to electrical transmission line and then transferred to houses and buildings where people use it to power their electrical devices. This type does not require any kind of dam or something but has to be present in areas of high tides.
- #12 It’s design is similar to wind turbines but it’s performance is better.
- #13 No any extra construction such as dam for storage is required This not only further reduces the cost, but also reduces the environmental impact. As in air birds may get harmed due to blades