Tilt up concrete structures

Tilt up concrete structures
Tilt‐up concrete construction advancements and applications

Introduction
Tilt‐Up Concrete Association
• Promoting growth and achievement in tilt‐up design,
construction and innovation for three decades.
• Founded in 1986, the Tilt‐Up Concrete Association was
created by a dedicated group of construction
professionals interested in improving the quality and
acceptance of tilt‐up construction.
• TCA mission is to expand and improve the use of tilt‐up
as the preferred construction method by providing
education and resources that enhance quality and
performance.
James Baty
TCA Technical Director
ACI 551 ‐ Tilt‐Up Concrete
Committee, voting
member and current
Secretary
ReviewerSpeaker
Mohammed Zaid
Senior Structural Engineer
Chartered Engineer‐ ASCE
Associate member‐
ACI‐551 /ACI‐423
committees
www.tiltwerk.com
www.esolution‐pt.com www.tiltup.org

Learning objectives
After viewing this program, you will be able to:
•Identify the difference between precast/pre-
stressed concrete and tilt up concrete structures
•Explain the benefits of using tilt up concrete
•Discuss the design considerations for tilt up
concrete structures
•BIM into precast / Tilt up concrete
www.esolution‐pt.com www.tiltup.org www.tiltwerk.com

Definition
Precast & Tilt up concrete
Precast concrete refers to any type of
concrete structure that is manufactured at
a plant and transported to the construction
site. In contrast, regular concrete
structures are normally molded, poured,
and cured on-site.
Tilt up concrete, are created by
assembling forms and pouring large slabs
of concrete called panels directly at the
job site. The panels are then tilted up into
position around the building's slab.
Because the concrete tilt wall forms are
assembled and poured directly at the job
site, no transportation of panels is
required

Precast concrete Vs Tilt up
concrete
there are many similarities between precast
concrete construction and tilt-up concrete
construction, there are also many pointed
differences
• Elements sizes
• Transportation
• Weather Conditions
• Connections cost
• Compilation differences

Tilt up concrete advantages
1. Elimination of expensive formwork and
scaffolding
2. Fast, economical construction cycle time
3. Wide variety of exterior finishes such as
colored , concrete, exposed aggregate,
graphic painting and form liner finishes
4. Easily modified structures for building
expansion
5. Durable, long-life and low maintenance
building
6. Schedule and Early Occupancy

Tilt up basics
Modern tilt‐up construction is carried out by
erecting site cast panels and temporarily
bracing them to the floor until the roof
structure is in place.
Once complete the concrete panels carry the
building’s vertical loads, while the roof
structure acts as a diaphragm, transferring and
distributing horizontal loads to transverse walls
and creating a self‐supporting structure.

Planning
A successful tilt-up project begins with a
suitable and properly prepared site. Items
affecting the suitability of the site include:
Access
Circulation for cranes and ready-mix trucks
Staging space for materials
Casting areas
Overhead clearance is also important to
facilitate crane operation

Engineering
Every project starts with selecting a an
Engineer to design the project.
The quality of engineering drawings
has a direct impact on the quantity and
magnitude of issues that can arise in
the field.

Design
Wall panels are generally designed as
load-bearing beam-columns spanning
vertically between the ground floor and
the roof, or intermediate floors
The thickness of a concrete panel
usually is determined by the ratio of
the unsupported panel to the panel
thickness. Tilt-up walls will often
exceed this limitation with lu/h ratios of
40 to 50 or more

Shop drawings
Many of the details of tilt-up
construction are identified and
documented in the shop drawings.
Panel Elevations
Locations and Details of Lifting Inserts
Locations and Details of Panel
Reinforcement
Specification for Reinforcement Chairs
Concrete Mix Design
Product Information

Foundation system
Continuous spread footings are the
most economical foundation system
and are used whenever possible.
Footing sides may either be formed
or trenched depending on soil
conditions and the degree of control
needed over the footing size and
elevation.

Floor slabs
Footing locations, heights, and
dimensions should be checked and
verified for correctness
The building floor slab is the most
common surface used for casting
tilt-up wall panels.
The slab should be smooth and
hard and contraction joints should
be positioned where they will have
minimal impact on the pane

Floor slabs
Stack Casting: Stack cast panels are
typically cast two or three panels
high, but stacking as high as seven
or eight panels is possible.

Panel Forming
The standard practice in laying out
panels is to snap a chalk line on the
floor slab. These lines indicate panel
perimeters and the forms should be
placed against them. Wood are the
most common material used for side
forms.
The form sides can be supported and
secured to the slab by a wood or steel
angle support There are several ways
to form individual panels.

Panel Forming
A variation of this method is to cast a
large slab, then saw joints into the
slab to form individual panels after the
concrete has been troweled.
Form door and window openings after
framing the panel perimeter. Brace
the interior of the openings to prevent
bowing or movement.

Panel Forming
Apply form release agent and bond
breaker to the slab and forms.
The steel grid for reinforcing Tilt-Up
panels is typically tied in-place after the
side forms are erected

Concrete Placement
The most efficient method of placing
concrete is pumping. Concrete pumps
are available in nearly all parts of the
world and are capable of delivering
large volumes of concrete over
considerable distances.

Panel Erection
The erection sequence should
be determined well in advance
Locate and clean inserts and
embeds and attach braces
before lifting the panels

Panel Erection
Braces should not be removed
until after the roof and decking
are installed. Once the braces
have been safely removed,
workers can patch holes in the
floor and complete other finish
work.

Connection
Panel to Foundation: The connection of the
panel base to the footing or floor slab is
done with a reinforcement bar in the panel
connected to the floor reinforcement
dowel, by welded angle to an embed in
both panel and footing, or by an anchor
inserted through the panel into the footing.
Panel to Panel: Tilt-up panels are not often
connected to each other because of the
shrinkage forces. Elimination of most
panel-to-panel connections (called
“stitching”) is one of the major differences
between tilt-up and precast construction.
Panel to Roof: Members can either be set
in pockets or flush-mounted to embedded
plates by bolt or weld.

Finishing
Panels often appear discolored when they
are first erected. This is due in part to
uncontrollable factors such as moisture on
or in the casting slab, concrete from
different trucks and batches and a host of
other variables. Cleaning and time even
out the coloration

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