TOP 20 Cited Wireless & Mobile Networks Research Articles 2021

TOP 20 Cited
Wireless & Mobile
Networks Research
Articles 2021
International Journal of Wireless & Mobile
Networks (IJWMN)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijwmn.html
ISSN: 0975-3834 [Online]; 0975-4679 [Print]
ERA indexed
H-INDEX - 32

1. A Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System
http://airccse.org/journal/jwmn/0510ijwmn03.pdf
Kavi K. Khedo1, Rajiv Perseedoss2 and Avinash Mungur3
May 2010 | Cited by 387
ABSTRACT
Sensor networks are currently an active research area mainly due to the potential of their
applications. In this paper we investigate the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for air
pollution monitoring in Mauritius. With the fast growing industrial activities on the island,
the problem of air pollution is becoming a major concern for the health of the population. We
proposed an innovative system named Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring
System (WAPMS) to monitor air pollution in Mauritius through the use of wireless sensors
deployed in huge numbers around the island. The proposed system makes use of an Air
Quality Index (AQI) which is presently not available in Mauritius. In order to improve the
efficiency of WAPMS, we have designed and implemented a new data aggregation algorithm
named Recursive Converging Quartiles (RCQ). The algorithm is used to merge data to
eliminate duplicates, filter out invalid readings and summarise them into a simpler form
which significantly reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the sink and thus saving
energy. For better power management we used a hierarchical routing protocol in WAPMS
and caused the motes to sleep during idle time.
2. Application of Wireless Sensor Networks for Greenhouse Parameter
Control in Precision Agriculture
D.D.Chaudhary1, S.P.Nayse2, L.M.Waghmare3
February 2011 | Cited by 264
ABSTRACT
The technological development in Wireless Sensor Networks made it possible to use in
monitoring and control of greenhouse parameter in precision agriculture. In last decades there
have been tremendous advancements in technology for agriculture and growth of final yield.
Due to uneven natural distribution of rain water it is very crucial for farmers to monitor and
control the equal distribution of water to all crops in the whole farm or as per the requirement
of the crop. There is no ideal irrigation method available which may be suitable for all

weather conditions, soil structure and variety of crops cultures. Green house technology may
be the best solution for this solution. All the parameters of greenhouse require a detailed
analysis in order to choose the correct method. It is observed that farmers have to bear huge
financial loss because of wrong prediction of weather and incorrect irrigation method to
crops. In this contest with the evolution in wireless sensor technologies and miniaturized
sensor devices, it is possible to uses them for automatic environment monitoring and
controlling the parameters of greenhouse, for Precision Agriculture (PA) application. In this
paper, we have proposed and analyse the use of Programmable System on Chip Technology
(PSoC) as a part of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to monitor and control various
parameter of green house.
3. Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks
P. Manickam1, T. Guru Baskar 2, M.Girija 3, Dr.D.Manimegalai 4
ABSTRACT
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically
form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every
node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change
randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV,
AODV, DSR, etc… which have been proposed for providing communication among all the
nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and
reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet
delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.
4. SINR, RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Measurements in Long Term Evolution
Networks
1Farhana Afroz, 1Ramprasad Subramanian, 1Roshanak Heidary, 1Kumbesan Sandrasegaran
and 2Solaiman Ahmed
August 2015 | Cited by 108

ABSTRACT
The four basic Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements in Long Term Evolution
(LTE) system are Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Reference Signal Received Power
(RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Carrier Received Signal Strength
Indicator (RSSI). A measurement of channel quality represented by Signal to Interference
plus Noise Ratio (SINR) is used for link adaptation along with packet scheduling, whereas
RSRP and RSRQ are needed for making handover decision during intra-eUTRAN (evolved
Universal Terrestrial Random Access Network) handover in LTE. In this paper, some
practical measurement results recorded from a live LTE network of Australia using a
commercial measurement tool namely NEMO Handy are analysed to verify the possible
relationships among SINR, RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ as well as to evaluate the effects of SNR
on throughput. In addition, the intraeUTRAN handover events occurred during the test period
within the test area are studied. The analysis yields some useful information such as: if the
SINR is good for a measurement slot, higher throughput is achieved; RSRP and SNR are
proportional to each other on average; and lesser is the difference between RSSI and RSRP,
better is the RSRQ – each of which is consistent with theory. All the measurement results are
evaluated using computer programs built on MATLAB platform.
5. Smart Living Using Bluetooth-Based Android Smartphone
http://airccse.org/journal/jwmn/0213wmn05.pdf
Ming Yan and Hao Shi
ABSTRACT
With the development of modern technology and Android Smartphone, Smart Living is
gradually changing people’s life. Bluetooth technology, which aims to exchange data
wirelessly in a short distance using short-wavelength radio transmissions, is providing a
necessary technology to create convenience, intelligence and controllability. In this paper, a
new Smart Living system called home lighting control system using Bluetooth-based
Android Smartphone is proposed and prototyped. First Smartphone, Smart Living and
Bluetooth technology are reviewed. Second the system architecture, communication protocol
and hardware design aredescribed. Then the design of a Bluetooth-based Smartphone
application and the prototype are presented. It is shown that Android Smartphone can provide
a platform to implement Bluetooth-based application for Smart Living.

6. Efficient Multi-Path Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
http://airccse.org/journal/jwmn/0210s9.pdf
Shuang Li1, Raghu Kisore Neelisetti2, Cong Liu3, and Alvin Lim2
ABSTRACT
Wireless sensor networks are useful for streaming multimedia in infrastructure-free and
hazardous environments. However, these networks are quite different from their wired
counterpart and are composed of nodes with constrained bandwidth and energy. Multiple-
path transmission is one of the methods for ensuring QoS routing in both wired and wireless
environment. Directed diffusion, a well known wireless sensor network protocol, only routes
packets through a single path, which barely meets the throughput requirement of multimedia
data. Instead, we propose a multipath algorithm based on directed diffusion that reinforces
multiple routes with high link quality and low latency. This algorithm retains the merits of the
original directed diffusion algorithms, including its energy efficiency and scalability. A
hybrid metric of link quality and latency is used as the criterion for path selection. In order to
select disjoint paths, we propose a scheme for reinforced nodes to respond negatively to
multiple reinforcement messages. We use the NS-2 simulation tool with video trace
generated by Multiple Description Coding (MDC) to evaluate the performance. The results
show that our algorithm gives better throughput and delay performance, i.e higher video
quality, than standard directed diffusion that transmits over a single path, with low overheads
and energy consumption.
7. Emerging Wireless Technologies in the Internet of Things : A
Comparative Study
https://aircconline.com/ijwmn/V8N5/8516ijwmn05.pdf
Mahmoud Elkhodr, Seyed Shahrestani and Hon Cheung
October 2016 | Cited by 81
ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) incorporates multiple long-range, short-range, and personal area
wireless networks and technologies into the designs of IoT applications. This enables
numerous business opportunities in fields as diverse as e-health, smart cities, smart homes,
among many others. This research analyses some of the major evolving and enabling wireless

technologies in the IoT. Particularly, it focuses on ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth Low
Energy, LoRa, and the different versions of Wi-Fi including the recent IEEE 802.11ah
protocol. The studies evaluate the capabilities and behaviours of these technologies regarding
various metrics including the data range and rate, network size, RF Channels and Bandwidth,
and power consumption. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a multifaceted
technology approach to enable interoperable and secure communications in the IoT.
8. Network Evolution and QOS Provisioning For Integrated
Femtocell/Macrocell Networks
Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury1, Yeong Min Jang2, and Zygmunt J. Haas3
ABSTRACT
Integrated femtocell/macrocell networks, comprising a conventional cellular network
overlaid with femtocells, offer an economically appealing way to improve coverage, quality
of service, and access network capacity. The key element to successful femtocells/macrocell
integration lies in its selforganizing capability. Provisioning of quality of service is the main
technical challenge of the femtocell/macrocell integrated networks, while the main
administrative challenge is the choice of the proper evolutionary path from the existing
macrocellular networks to the integrated network. In this article, we introduce three
integrated network architectures which, while increasing the access capacity, they also reduce
the deployment and operational costs. Then, we discuss a number of technical issues, which
are key to making such integration a reality, and we offer possible approaches to their
solution. These issues include efficient frequency and interference management, quality of
service provisioning of the xDSL-based backhaul networks, and intelligent handover control.
9. Requirements of Vertical Handoff Mechanism in 4G Wireless Networks
Mandeep Kaur Gondara1 and Dr. Sanjay Kadam2
April 2011 | Cited by 66

ABSTRACT
The importance of wireless communication is increasing day by day throughout the world
due to cellular and broadband technologies. Everyone around the world would like to be
connected seamlessly anytime anywhere through the best network. The 4G wireless system
must have the capability to provide high data transfer rates, quality of services and seamless
mobility. In 4G, there are a large variety of heterogeneous networks. The users for variety of
applications would like to utilize heterogeneous networks on the basis of their preferences
such as real time, high availability and high bandwidth. When connections have to switch
between heterogeneous networks for performance and high availability reasons, seamless
vertical handoff is necessary. The requirements like capability of the network, handoff
latency, network cost, network conditions, power consumption and user’s preferences must
be taken into consideration during vertical handoff. In this paper, we have extracted the
requirements of a vertical handoff from the literature surveyed. The evaluation of the existing
work is also being done on the basis of required parameters for vertical handoff. A
sophisticated, adaptive and intelligent approach is required to implement the vertical handoff
mechanism in 4G wireless networks to produce an effective service for the user by
considering dynamic and non dynamic parameters.
10. A self-managing fault management mechanism for wireless sensor
networks
Muhammad Asim1 and Hala Mokhtar2 and Madjid Merabti3
November 2010 | Cited by 64
ABSTRACT
A sensor network can be described as a collection of sensor nodes which co-ordinate with
each other to perform some specific function. These sensor nodes are mainly in large
numbers and are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. They can
be used for various application areas (e.g. health, military, home). Failures are inevitable in
wireless sensor networks due to inhospitable environment and unattended deployment.
Therefore, it is necessary that network failures are detected in advance and appropriate
measures are taken to sustain network operation. We previously proposed a cellular approach
for fault detection and recovery. In this paper we extend the cellular approach and propose a
new fault management mechanism to deal with fault detection and recovery. We propose a
hierarchical structure to properly distribute fault management tasks among sensor nodes by
introducing more ‘self-managing’ functions. The proposed failure detection and recovery

algorithm has been compared with some existing related work and proven to be more energy
efficient.
11. Channel Allocation and Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks: A survey
and qualitative comparison between schemes
http://airccse.org/journal/jwmn/0210s10.pdf
F. Kaabi1, S. Ghannay2, and F. Filali1
ABSTRACT
In order to avoid transmission's collisions and improve network performances in wireless
mesh networks (WMNs), a reliable and efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol and
a good channel allocation are needed. Allowing multiple channels use in the same network is
often presented as a possible way to improve the network capacity. As IEEE 802.11, IEEE
802.15 and IEEE 802.16 standards provide more than one channel, thus a trivial way to
improve the network performances is to allow transmission on multiple channels in each
network node. A lot of research work have been conducted in the area of multi-channel
allocation in order to improve the aggregate bandwidth of the hole network. In this paper, we
focus our attention on the proposals for solving the channel allocation problem for Multi-
Transceiver per node in the backbone level using the IEEE 802.11s technology. We classify
these proposals into three categories. The first one consists on channel allocation proposals
done at the MAC level independently to the other layers. The second one consists on a
channel allocation approaches done by a modified MAC collaborating with upper layers.
Finally, the third category concerns channel allocation methods implemented in a new layer
resulting from a common-layer design between MAC and Network layer. For each category,
the existing multi-channel protocols and their channel allocation approaches are identified. A
qualitative comparison is conducted according to the advantages that they present, the
limitations and problems they are facing, and the performances they are claiming to offer.
12. Optimized Performance Evaluation of LTE Hard Handover Algorithm
with Average RSRP Constraint

1Cheng-Chung Lin, 2Kumbesan Sandrasegaran, 3Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli, and 4Riyaj
Basukala
ABSTRACT
Hard handover mechanism is adopted to be used in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE)
in order to reduce the complexity of the LTE network architecture. This mechanism comes
with degradation in system throughput as well as a higher system delay. This paper proposes
a new handover algorithm known as LTE Hard Handover Algorithm with Average Received
Signal Reference Power (RSRP) Constraint (LHHAARC) in order to minimize number of
handovers and the system delay as well as maximize the system throughput. An optimized
system performance of the LHHAARC is evaluated and compared with three well-known
handover algorithms via computer simulation. The simulation results show that the
LHHAARC outperforms three well-known handover algorithms by having less number of
average handovers per UE per second, shorter total system delay whilst maintaining a higher
total system throughput.
13. Analysis of Security Threats in Wireless Sensor Network
Sahabul Alam and Debashis De
ABSTRACT
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is an emerging technology and explored field of researchers
worldwide in the past few years, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. The
sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it
lucrative for being exploited in abundance in future. The inclusion of wireless
communication technology also incurs various types of security threats due to unattended
installation of sensor nodes as sensor networks may interact with sensitive data and /or
operate in hostile unattended environments. These security concerns be addressed from the
beginning of the system design. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related
issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we have explored general security threats in
wireless sensor network with extensive study.

14. Zigbee Based Voice Controlled Wireless Smart Home System
Thoraya Obaid, Haliemah Rashed, Ali Abu El Nour, Muhammad Rehan, Mussab
Muhammad Saleh, and Mohammed Tarique
ABSTRACT
In this paper a voice controlled wireless smart home system has been presented for elderly
and disabled people. The proposed system has two main components namely (a) voice
recognition system, and (b) wireless system. LabView software has been used to implement
the voice recognition system. On the other hand, ZigBee wireless modules have been used to
implement the wireless system. The main goal of this system is to control home appliances by
using voice commands. The proposed system can recognize the voice commands, convert
them into the required data format, and send the data through the wireless transmitter. Based
on the received data at the wireless receiver associated with the appliances desired switching
operations are performed. The proposed system is a low cost and low power system because
ZigBee is used. Additionally the proposed system needs to be trained of voice command only
once. Then the system can recognize the voice commands independent of vocabulary size,
noise, and speaker characteristics (i.e., accent).
15. An Intelligent Network Selection Strategy Based on MADM Methods in
Heterogeneous Networks
Lahby Mohamed1, Cherkaoui Leghris2 and Adib Abdellah3
ABSTRACT
Providing service continuity to the end users with best quality is a very important issue in the
next generation wireless communications. With the evolution of the mobile devices towards a
multimode architecture and the coexistence of multitude of radio access technologies
(RAT’s), the users are able to benefit simultaneously from these RAT’s. However, the major
issue in heterogeneous wireless communications is how to choose the most suitable access
network for mobile’s user which can be used as long as possible for communication. To
achieve this issue, this paper proposes an intelligent network selection strategy which

combines two multi attribute decision making (MADM) methods such as analytic network
process (ANP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution
(TOPSIS) method. The ANP method is used to find the differentiate weights of available
networks by considering each criterion and the TOPSIS method is applied to rank the
alternatives. Our new strategy for network selection can dealing with the limitations of
MADM methods which are the ranking abnormality and the ping-ponf effect.
16. Performance Analysis of LS and LMMSE Channel Estimation
Techniques for LTE Downlink Systems
Abdelhakim Khlifi1 and Ridha Bouallegue2
October 2011 | Cited by 51
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this paper is to study the performance of two linear channel estimators
for LTE Downlink systems, the Least Square Error (LSE) and the Linear Minimum Mean
Square Error (LMMSE). As LTE is a MIMO-OFDM based system, a cyclic prefix is inserted
at the beginning of each transmitted OFDM symbol in order to completely suppress both
inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Usually, the cyclic prefix
is equal to or longer than the channel length but in some cases and because of some
unforeseen channel behaviour, the cyclic prefix can be shorter. Therefore, we propose to
study the performance of the two linear estimators under the effect of the channel length.
Computer simulations show that, in the case where the cyclic prefix is equal to or longer than
the channel length,LMMSE performs better than LSE but at the cost of computational
complexity.In the other case, LMMSE continue to improve its performance only for low SNR
values but it degrades for high SNR values in which LS shows better performance for LTE
Downlink systems. MATLAB Monte – Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the
performance of the studied estimators in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Bit Error
Rate (BER) for22 LTE Downlink systems.
17. Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols for Vehicular
Ad-Hoc Networks

A. Shastri1, R. Dadhich2, Ramesh C. Poonia3
ABSTRACT
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a peculiar subclass of mobile ad hoc networks
that raise a number of technical challenges, especially from the point of view of their mobility
models. Currently, the field of VANETs has gained an important part of the interest of
researchers and become very popular. More specifically, VANETs can operate without fixed
infrastructure and can survive rapid changes in the network topology. The main method for
evaluating the performance of routing protocols for VANETs by Network Simulator-2.34.
This paper is subjected to the on-demand routing protocols with identical loads and evaluates
their relative performance with respect to the two performance context: average End-toEnd
delay and packet delivery ratio. We investigated various simulation scenarios with varying
pause times, connections and no. of nodes particularly for AODV and DSR. We will also
discuss briefly about the feasibility of VANETs in respect of Indian automotive networks.
18. Zigbee Based Wearable Remote Healthcare Monitoring System for
Elderly Patients
Khalifa AlSharqi, Abdelrahim Abdelbari, Ali Abou-Elnour, and Mohammed Tarique
June 2014 | Cited by 47
ABSTRACT
Remote health care monitoring system (RHCMS) has drawn considerable attentions for the
last decade. As the aging population are increasing and at the same time the health care cost
is skyrocketing there has been a need to monitor a patient from a remote location. Moreover,
many people of the World are out of the reach of existing healthcare systems. To solve these
problems many research and commercial versions of RHCMS have been proposed and
implemented till now. In these systems the performance was the main issue in order to
accurately measure, record, and analyze patients’ data. With the ascent of wireless network
RHCMS can be widely deployed to monitor the health condition of a patient inside and
outside of the hospitals. In this work we present a ZigBee based wireless healthcare
monitoring system that can provide real time online information about the health condition of
a patient. The proposed system is able to send alarming messages to the healthcare
professional about the patient’s critical condition. In addition the proposed system can send
reports to a patient monitoring system, which can be used by the healthcare professionals to
make necessary medical advices from anywhere of the World at any time.

19. Load Balancing Based Approach To Improve Lifetime Of Wireless
Sensor Network
Dipak Wajgi1 and Dr. Nileshsingh V. Thakur2
ABSTRACT
In wireless sensor network, clustering is used as an effective technique to achieve scalability,
selforganization, power saving, channel access, routing etc.[3]. Lifetime of sensor nodes
determines the lifetime of the network and is crucial for the sensing capability.[2]. Clustering
is the key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network. Clustering can be used
for load balancing to extend the lifetime of a sensor network by reducing energy
consumption. Load balancing using clustering can also increase network scalability. Wireless
sensor network with the nodes with different energy levels can prolong the network lifetime
of the network and also its reliability. In this paper we propose a clustering technique which
will balance the load among the cluster by using some backup nodes. The backup high energy
and high processing power nodes replace the cluster head after the cluster reaches to its
threshold limit. This approach will increase the network lifetime and will provide high
throughput.
20. Frame Aggregation Mechanism for High-Throughput 802.11n Wlans
Jyoti Kolap, Shoba Krishnan, Ninad Shaha
June 2012 | Cited by 41
ABSTRACT
IEEE 802.11n Draft is next-generation wireless LAN standard. This article gives detailed
description and comparative study of A-MPDU and Two level frame aggregation
mechanisms proposed in the latest 802.11n draft standard, which improve extensively the
channel efficiency and data throughput. Ns 2 simulator is used for simulation of 802.11n
WLAN frame aggregation. Simulation results confirm that AMPDU, and Two level frame
aggregation methods improve extensively data throughput. It analyse the performance of each
frame aggregation scheme in distinct scenarios, and it conclude that overall, the two-level
aggregation can improve throughput performance of 802.11n. Two level aggregation can

more effectively deliver data from multiple sources, PDR rate is much higher with much
lower delay and Two level aggregation consumed less energy as compared with A-MPDU
approach.

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