TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING
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1. The document discusses using machine learning techniques like random forests and support vector machines to predict traffic patterns using large datasets from intelligent transportation systems. 2. It proposes predicting traffic using an SVM algorithm with Euclidean distance metrics on traffic data derived from online sources, aiming to improve accuracy and reduce errors compared to existing systems. 3. The system would take in historical vehicle movement data to be trained via machine learning, allowing it to process large amounts of real-time sensor data and better predict traffic conditions, which could help minimize congestion and carbon emissions from transportation.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 235
TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
USING MACHINE LEARNING
Prof. Asha1, Almas Safora2
1,2 Dept. of CSE , Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Karnataka, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Traffic regulation has long been a problem.
The modern world requires skill. Cars are one of the main
ways to improve your skills today. Smart His transport
system is also known as an intelligent transport system
that uses communication and information technology to
find solutions to traffic management problems. Intelligent
traffic systems represent a major problem in
transportation. ITS is a program that uses advanced
technologies such as sensors and communications to
improve traffic efficiency. Some of the problems such as
traffic congestion and low security can be solved by this
intelligent traffic system using the latest traffic
management technology. ITS has been advanced
through the use of information, control, and electronic
technologies based on wireless and wired
communications. Speeding is now a major issue for traffic
management systems that curb this problem. The Doeffler
phenomenon is used to measure velocity.
Key Words: Traffic, vehicle, intelligent, transport,
etc
1. INTRODUCTION
Traffic control and management has become more data-
driven. [2], [3]. However, many traffic estimate systems
and models previously exist. Most of them use a flat
traffic model, but still fail to some extent due to the large
size of the data set. The concept of deep learning has
recently attracted many people, including academics and
businessmen, due to its ability to address classification
problems, natural language understanding,
dimensionality reduction, object recognition, and motion
modeling. DL uses the concept of multilayer neural
networks to detect data-specific features from lowest
to highest levels [4]. They can categorize a huge amount
of assembly in the data, which ultimately helps them
imagine the data besides draw meaningful conclusions.
His ITS department and most of the researchers in this
field are also involved in developing self-driving cars
that can make transportation systems more efficient and
decrease the risks to human lives. The advantage of the
integration of this idea is that it also saves time.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The traffic environment includes everything
that can affect traffic on the road, such as traffic lights,
accidents, rallies, and even road repairs that can cause
congestion. Traffic congestion has direct and indirect
effects on a country's economy and the health of its
citizens. With very rough prior information about all of
the above, and many other everyday situations that may
affect traffic, the driver or passenger can make an
knowledgeable conclusion. I can do it.
1.2 Objective
Prediction of the traffic information must be done by
checking the past records.
2. Execute the planned procedure.
3. Evaluate the matrix for the data set.
4. Split the dataset into training and testing.
5. Analyze changed ML procedures.
1.3 Scope
The road network is the support of any nation's growth
assembly. Free flow of road traffic is important for high-
speed connections and shipping structures. In smart
cities, streets are equipped with sensors to analyze
traffic flow and volume. Accurate road traffic movement
information is urgently needed for different groups of
road users such as commuters, car users and public
transport. This information helps road users make better
travel decisions, improve traffic efficiency, reduce
pollution and overcome traffic congestion. The purpose
of congestion forecast is to provide timely evidence
about road traffic overcrowding. Traffic congestion
prediction (TCP) is growing in popularity due to the
speedy expansion and adoption of smart transportation
(STS) systems.
1.4 Limitation
The current tools does not give accurate way of
predicting the traffic to the users.
It does not take many factors for predicting the
traffic.
Due to lack of accurate information lots of time
vehicle needs to be travelled longer length and
also it can stuck in traffic conditions.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i1039-221108121206-b87b248e/85/TRAFFIC-FORECAST-FOR-INTELLECTUAL-TRANSPORTATION-SYSTEM-USING-MACHINE-LEARNING-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 236
1.5 Methodology
The models are produced using twist of fate information
statistics, which can understand the characteristics of
many vital factors along with driver behavior, road
condition, lighting situations, climatic situations, and
many others., that may assist customers to find out
protection techniques with a view to be beneficial to
avoid accidents . . How the real approach relies upon on
coordinate charts may be thoroughly illustrated by way
of comparing situations depending on untested gauges.
The version is made to understand measurably
extraordinary additives which can almost without a
doubt predict twist of fate and harm chances that can be
used to play out the risk component and decrease it.
avenue accident look at is finished right here by using
analyzing positive statistics with the aid of entering
some queries associated with this study. The questions
are approximately the most risky time to force, the share
of injuries that arise in rural, city and other areas, the
fashion inside the number of injuries that occur each
year, whether or now not accidents in high-velocity
regions have more sufferers, and so forth. This records
can be obtained.
Fig 1.1 Random forest
A random woodland has nearly the same hyper-
parameters as a selection tree or a bagging classifier.
Luckily, there is no need to combine a choice tree with a
bagging classifier, as you could without difficulty use the
Random woodland classifier. With a random woodland
shape, you may additionally clear up regression troubles
the use of the set of rules regressor.
2. System Model
Fig 2.1 Random forest with two trees.
2.1 Existing System
The Intelligent Transport device(ITS) become followed
on the World higher house held in Paris in 1994.ITS
utilized using pc, electronic and message technology to
offer records to passengers to improve the safety and
performance of road delivery systems. The principle
advantage of [ITS] is ensuring the smooth and safe
movement of avenue traffic. It is also beneficial from an
environmental angle to reduce carbon emissions. It gives
many possibilities for the car or car enterprise to boom
the protection and safety of its passengers, but current
gadget cannot manage this tons of massive records to be
processed and correctly are expecting the site visitors
flow.
Disadvantages:
The current tools does not give accurate way of
predicting the traffic to the users.
It does not take many factors for predicting the
traffic.
Due to lack of accurate information lots of time
vehicle needs to be travelled longer length and
also it can stuck in traffic conditions.
2.2 Proposed System:
The proposed system uses SVM with Euclidean distance
for traffic prediction. The traffic prediction is based on a
dataset derived from an online source. The traffic dataset
is used to accurately determine traffic in future end
intervals. The primary parameters considered for
improvement are accuracy and root mean square error.
2.3 Advantages:
1. The proposed system usage the machine
learning technique to predicting the traffic
which makes it accurate.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i1039-221108121206-b87b248e/85/TRAFFIC-FORECAST-FOR-INTELLECTUAL-TRANSPORTATION-SYSTEM-USING-MACHINE-LEARNING-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 238
robustness. If we choose a hyper-plane with a low
margin, then there is a high probability of
misclassification. Identify the correct hyper-plane
(scenario 3): Hint: Use the rules discussed in the
previous section to identify the correct hyper-plane.
3.2 Architecture
Fig 3.5 Traffic flow prediction model
Traffic drift dependence is depending on actual-time site
visitors and historic statistics accumulated from a
ramification of sensor assets, such as induction loops,
radars, cameras, cellular international Positioning
system, crowd sourcing, social media. Operational
records is exploding due to the vast use of conventional
sensors and new technology, and we have entered an
technology of excessive quantity data transmission.
Visitors manage and management is now more
information-driven. However, many visitors float
prediction systems and fashions already exist; maximum
of them use shallow traffic models and nonetheless fail
somewhat because of the large dimension of the dataset.
4. CONCLUSION
Although deep learning and genetic algorithm is an
important problem in data analysis, it has not been much
addressed by the ML community. The proposed
algorithm also provides higher accuracy than the
existing algorithms, improving the complexity issues in
the whole data set. The system concluded that we are
developing a traffic flow prediction system using a traffic
flow prediction algorithm. We try to use SVM models for
our system to provide the best prediction results on the
developed system. The public can get many benefits
from using this system as the users can know the current
situation in the traffic situation and can also check how
the traffic flow will be after one hour of the situation.
This system also helps to control the weather conditions
on the roads. User can also check the accident record
how many accidents happened on which road to make it
safe for future driving.
5. FUTURE SCOPE
We also plan to integrate the web server and the
application. Also, the algorithms of things will be further
improved to much higher accuracy. In the future, we can
improve this system by predicting traffic jams and many
other factors that affect driving, such as traffic flow, can
be taken into account using many other deep learning
methods, as well as the user can use the system to find a
route that would be in the destination most easily
reachable. The system can suggest to the user according
to his search.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Fei-Yue Wang et al. Parallel control and management
for intelligent transportation systems: Concepts,
architectures, and applications. IEEE Transactions on
Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2010.
[2] Yongchang Ma, Mashrur Chowdhury, Mansoureh
Jeihani, and Ryan Fries. Accelerated incident detection
across transportation networks using vehicle kinetics
and support vector machine in cooperation with
infrastructure agents. IET intelligent transport systems,
4(4):328–337, 2010.
[3] Rutger Claes, Tom Holvoet, and Danny Weyns. A
decentralized approach for anticipatory vehicle routing
using delegate multiagent systems. IEEE Transactions on
Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(2):364–373,
2011.
[4] Mehul Mahrishi and Sudha Morwal. Index point
detection and semantic indexing of videos- a
comparative review. Advances in Intelligent Systems and
Computing, Springer, 2020.
[5] Joseph D Crabtree and Nikiforos Stamatiadis.
Dedicated short-range communications technology for
freeway incident detection: Performance assessment
based on traffic simulation data. Transportation
Research Record, 2000(1):59–69, 2007.
[6] H Qi, RL Cheu, and DH Lee. Freeway incident
detection using kinematic data from probe vehicles. In
9th World Congress on Intelligent Transport SystemsITS
America, ITS Japan, ERTICO (Intelligent Transport
Systems and Services-Europe), 2002.
[7] Z. Zhao, W. Chen, X. Wu, P. C. Y. Chen, and J. Liu. Lstm
network: a deep learning approach for short-term traffic
forecast. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 11(2):68–75,
2017.
[8] C. Zhang, P. Patras, and H. Haddadi. Deep learning in
mobile and wireless networking: A survey. IEEE
Communications Surveys Tutorials, 21(3):2224–2287,
thirdquarter 2019.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i1039-221108121206-b87b248e/85/TRAFFIC-FORECAST-FOR-INTELLECTUAL-TRANSPORTATION-SYSTEM-USING-MACHINE-LEARNING-4-320.jpg)
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TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 235 TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING Prof. Asha1, Almas Safora2 1,2 Dept. of CSE , Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Karnataka, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Traffic regulation has long been a problem. The modern world requires skill. Cars are one of the main ways to improve your skills today. Smart His transport system is also known as an intelligent transport system that uses communication and information technology to find solutions to traffic management problems. Intelligent traffic systems represent a major problem in transportation. ITS is a program that uses advanced technologies such as sensors and communications to improve traffic efficiency. Some of the problems such as traffic congestion and low security can be solved by this intelligent traffic system using the latest traffic management technology. ITS has been advanced through the use of information, control, and electronic technologies based on wireless and wired communications. Speeding is now a major issue for traffic management systems that curb this problem. The Doeffler phenomenon is used to measure velocity. Key Words: Traffic, vehicle, intelligent, transport, etc 1. INTRODUCTION Traffic control and management has become more data- driven. [2], [3]. However, many traffic estimate systems and models previously exist. Most of them use a flat traffic model, but still fail to some extent due to the large size of the data set. The concept of deep learning has recently attracted many people, including academics and businessmen, due to its ability to address classification problems, natural language understanding, dimensionality reduction, object recognition, and motion modeling. DL uses the concept of multilayer neural networks to detect data-specific features from lowest to highest levels [4]. They can categorize a huge amount of assembly in the data, which ultimately helps them imagine the data besides draw meaningful conclusions. His ITS department and most of the researchers in this field are also involved in developing self-driving cars that can make transportation systems more efficient and decrease the risks to human lives. The advantage of the integration of this idea is that it also saves time. 1.1 Statement of the Problem The traffic environment includes everything that can affect traffic on the road, such as traffic lights, accidents, rallies, and even road repairs that can cause congestion. Traffic congestion has direct and indirect effects on a country's economy and the health of its citizens. With very rough prior information about all of the above, and many other everyday situations that may affect traffic, the driver or passenger can make an knowledgeable conclusion. I can do it. 1.2 Objective Prediction of the traffic information must be done by checking the past records. 2. Execute the planned procedure. 3. Evaluate the matrix for the data set. 4. Split the dataset into training and testing. 5. Analyze changed ML procedures. 1.3 Scope The road network is the support of any nation's growth assembly. Free flow of road traffic is important for high- speed connections and shipping structures. In smart cities, streets are equipped with sensors to analyze traffic flow and volume. Accurate road traffic movement information is urgently needed for different groups of road users such as commuters, car users and public transport. This information helps road users make better travel decisions, improve traffic efficiency, reduce pollution and overcome traffic congestion. The purpose of congestion forecast is to provide timely evidence about road traffic overcrowding. Traffic congestion prediction (TCP) is growing in popularity due to the speedy expansion and adoption of smart transportation (STS) systems. 1.4 Limitation The current tools does not give accurate way of predicting the traffic to the users. It does not take many factors for predicting the traffic. Due to lack of accurate information lots of time vehicle needs to be travelled longer length and also it can stuck in traffic conditions.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 236 1.5 Methodology The models are produced using twist of fate information statistics, which can understand the characteristics of many vital factors along with driver behavior, road condition, lighting situations, climatic situations, and many others., that may assist customers to find out protection techniques with a view to be beneficial to avoid accidents . . How the real approach relies upon on coordinate charts may be thoroughly illustrated by way of comparing situations depending on untested gauges. The version is made to understand measurably extraordinary additives which can almost without a doubt predict twist of fate and harm chances that can be used to play out the risk component and decrease it. avenue accident look at is finished right here by using analyzing positive statistics with the aid of entering some queries associated with this study. The questions are approximately the most risky time to force, the share of injuries that arise in rural, city and other areas, the fashion inside the number of injuries that occur each year, whether or now not accidents in high-velocity regions have more sufferers, and so forth. This records can be obtained. Fig 1.1 Random forest A random woodland has nearly the same hyper- parameters as a selection tree or a bagging classifier. Luckily, there is no need to combine a choice tree with a bagging classifier, as you could without difficulty use the Random woodland classifier. With a random woodland shape, you may additionally clear up regression troubles the use of the set of rules regressor. 2. System Model Fig 2.1 Random forest with two trees. 2.1 Existing System The Intelligent Transport device(ITS) become followed on the World higher house held in Paris in 1994.ITS utilized using pc, electronic and message technology to offer records to passengers to improve the safety and performance of road delivery systems. The principle advantage of [ITS] is ensuring the smooth and safe movement of avenue traffic. It is also beneficial from an environmental angle to reduce carbon emissions. It gives many possibilities for the car or car enterprise to boom the protection and safety of its passengers, but current gadget cannot manage this tons of massive records to be processed and correctly are expecting the site visitors flow. Disadvantages: The current tools does not give accurate way of predicting the traffic to the users. It does not take many factors for predicting the traffic. Due to lack of accurate information lots of time vehicle needs to be travelled longer length and also it can stuck in traffic conditions. 2.2 Proposed System: The proposed system uses SVM with Euclidean distance for traffic prediction. The traffic prediction is based on a dataset derived from an online source. The traffic dataset is used to accurately determine traffic in future end intervals. The primary parameters considered for improvement are accuracy and root mean square error. 2.3 Advantages: 1. The proposed system usage the machine learning technique to predicting the traffic which makes it accurate.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 237 2. The processing of the information happens faster once the system is trained using history records of the route vehicle movements. 3. The carbon emission can be minimized using the new techniques. 4. The system can be used to use the many factors for the prediction purpose. 3. SVM algorithm A SVM is a supervised system gaining knowledge of algorithm that can be used for each category and regression. But, it's far maximum normally utilized in category issues. Inside the SVM algorithm, we plot each information object as a point in an n-dimensional area (where n is the number of capabilities you've got), where the cost of each function is the value of a selected coordinate. We then carry out the type by locating the hyper-aircraft that differentiates the 2 instructions thoroughly (see the picture below). Fig 3.1 Snapshot of a hyper-plane that differentiates two classes. • The aid vectors are absolutely the coordinates of an man or woman commentary. The SVM classifier is the boundary that first-rate separates the 2 classes (hyper- plane/line). • Right here you can take a look at support Vector Machines and a few examples of how they paintings. 3.1 How does it work? Above we were given used to the procedure of segregating the 2 lessons using the hyper-plane. Now the burning query is "How can we become aware of the perfect hyper-aircraft?" don't worry, it's now not as hard as you suspect! Decide the suitable hyper-plane (situation-1): right here we have 3 hyper-planes (A, B and C).Now determine the precise hyper-plane for superstar and circle type. Fig 3.2 Snapshot of Hyper-planes (A,B,C) in which ‘B’ has excellently performed this job. To identify the correct hyper-plane, you must remember the rule: "Choose the hyper-plane that better separates the two classes". In this scenario, the "B" hyper-plane did a great job. Fig 3.3 Snapshot of maximizing the distances between nearest data point and hyper-plane. Fig 3.4 Snapshot of Hyper-plane C is high as compared to both A and B. You can see above that the margin for hyper-plane C is high compared to both A and B. Therefore, we call the correct hyper-plane C. Another flashy reason for choosing a hyper-plane with a higher margin is
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 238 robustness. If we choose a hyper-plane with a low margin, then there is a high probability of misclassification. Identify the correct hyper-plane (scenario 3): Hint: Use the rules discussed in the previous section to identify the correct hyper-plane. 3.2 Architecture Fig 3.5 Traffic flow prediction model Traffic drift dependence is depending on actual-time site visitors and historic statistics accumulated from a ramification of sensor assets, such as induction loops, radars, cameras, cellular international Positioning system, crowd sourcing, social media. Operational records is exploding due to the vast use of conventional sensors and new technology, and we have entered an technology of excessive quantity data transmission. Visitors manage and management is now more information-driven. However, many visitors float prediction systems and fashions already exist; maximum of them use shallow traffic models and nonetheless fail somewhat because of the large dimension of the dataset. 4. CONCLUSION Although deep learning and genetic algorithm is an important problem in data analysis, it has not been much addressed by the ML community. The proposed algorithm also provides higher accuracy than the existing algorithms, improving the complexity issues in the whole data set. The system concluded that we are developing a traffic flow prediction system using a traffic flow prediction algorithm. We try to use SVM models for our system to provide the best prediction results on the developed system. The public can get many benefits from using this system as the users can know the current situation in the traffic situation and can also check how the traffic flow will be after one hour of the situation. This system also helps to control the weather conditions on the roads. User can also check the accident record how many accidents happened on which road to make it safe for future driving. 5. FUTURE SCOPE We also plan to integrate the web server and the application. Also, the algorithms of things will be further improved to much higher accuracy. In the future, we can improve this system by predicting traffic jams and many other factors that affect driving, such as traffic flow, can be taken into account using many other deep learning methods, as well as the user can use the system to find a route that would be in the destination most easily reachable. The system can suggest to the user according to his search. 6. REFERENCES [1] Fei-Yue Wang et al. Parallel control and management for intelligent transportation systems: Concepts, architectures, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2010. [2] Yongchang Ma, Mashrur Chowdhury, Mansoureh Jeihani, and Ryan Fries. Accelerated incident detection across transportation networks using vehicle kinetics and support vector machine in cooperation with infrastructure agents. IET intelligent transport systems, 4(4):328–337, 2010. [3] Rutger Claes, Tom Holvoet, and Danny Weyns. A decentralized approach for anticipatory vehicle routing using delegate multiagent systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(2):364–373, 2011. [4] Mehul Mahrishi and Sudha Morwal. Index point detection and semantic indexing of videos- a comparative review. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, 2020. [5] Joseph D Crabtree and Nikiforos Stamatiadis. Dedicated short-range communications technology for freeway incident detection: Performance assessment based on traffic simulation data. Transportation Research Record, 2000(1):59–69, 2007. [6] H Qi, RL Cheu, and DH Lee. Freeway incident detection using kinematic data from probe vehicles. In 9th World Congress on Intelligent Transport SystemsITS America, ITS Japan, ERTICO (Intelligent Transport Systems and Services-Europe), 2002. [7] Z. Zhao, W. Chen, X. Wu, P. C. Y. Chen, and J. Liu. Lstm network: a deep learning approach for short-term traffic forecast. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 11(2):68–75, 2017. [8] C. Zhang, P. Patras, and H. Haddadi. Deep learning in mobile and wireless networking: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 21(3):2224–2287, thirdquarter 2019.