TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT.pptx
- 1. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY ELECTRICAL DIPARTMENT STUDENTS OF 3rd YEAR-2022
- 2. ABOUT TDEP: TDEP is a method that aims to supply electrical energy. By this method we can transmit the large scale movement of electricity at high voltage levels from a power plant to substation. Power distribution is the conversion of high voltage electricty at substations to lower voltages that can be distributed and used by private public and industrial or commercial consumers. The interconnected line which fascilitate this movement are known as TRANSMISSION NETWORK.
- 3. ENTITIES: LITTLE FLOWER POLYTECHNIC,KHORABAR GORAKHPUR. RESPECTED H.O.D GIRISH CHAND PATEL RESPECTED Mr. VINOD KUMAR CHOUDHARY RESPECTED Mr. INDRA DEV YADAV RESPECTED Mr. KRISHNAA MANI TRIPATHI RESPECTED MISS . RUBY SHUKLA
- 4. PROJECT MEMBERS: SANGAM : PROJECT LEADER SATYAM : INSTRUCTER PRABHAKAR : REPRESNTATIVE SACHIN : PROJECT MANAGER PRADEEP : PROJECT MEMBER VIPUL : PROJECT MEMBER
- 5. REQUIREMENT GATHERING: BASE {LAND} TURBINE ELECTROMECHANICAL GENERATOR POWER TRNASFORMER(STEP UP TRANSFORMER) CONDUCTORS INSULATORS POLES STRAY WIRES EARTHING CIRCUIT BREAKER RELAY CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER BUSBAR ISOLATOR LIGHTNING ARRESTER REACTOR LOAD
- 6. TECHNOLOGY : FRONTEND TECHNOLOGY: >WIND ENERGY. BACKEND TECHNOLOGY: >THERMAL ENERGY.
- 7. MAIN TOOLS: TURBINE : A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. ELECTROMECHANICAL GENERATORS : Invention relates to mechanical human motion energy converter to the electric energy. It is proposed the electromechanical generator which operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consists of a flat coil and magnet. TRANSFORMER : A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. CIRCUIT BREAKER : A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault.
- 10. TRANSFORMER:
- 12. GENERATING STATIONS :- A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid. Many power stations contain one or more generators, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into three-phase electric power. The relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor creates an electric current. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. Low-carbon power sources include nuclear power, and an increasing use of renewables such as solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric.
- 13. TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS :- A transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines. The simplest case is where all transmission lines have the same voltage. In such cases, substation contains high-voltage switches that allow lines to be connected or isolated for fault clearance or maintenance.
- 14. HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES:- High voltage transmission lines deliver electricity over long distances. The high voltage is required to reduce the amount of energy lost during the distance. Unlike other energy sources such as natural gas, electricity can't be stored when it is not used.
- 15. POWER SUBSTATIONS(DISTRIBUTION SUBSTAIONS) :- A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. Distribution substation typically operates at 2.4 – 34.5 kV voltage levels, and deliver electric energy directly to industrial and residential consumers. Distribution feeders transport power from the distribution substations to the end consumers' premises.
- 16. SELECTION AND LOCATION OF SITE FOR A SUBSTATION :- The following factors are considered while making site selection for a substation 1. Type of substation. The category of substation is important for its location. For example a step-up substation, which is generally a point where power from various sources (generating machines or generating stations) is pooled and stepped up for long distance transmission, should be located close to the generating stations as possible to minimize the transmission losses, cost of distribution
- 17. * *The land proposed for s substation should be normally level and open from all sides. It should not be water logged particularly inrainy season. The site selected for substation should be such that According to the latest practice the land required for various types of substations are given below* ------ Type of substation Area required (a) 400 kV substation 50 acres (b) 220 kV substation 25 acres (c) 132 kV Substation 10 acres The places nearer to the aerodrome, shooting practice grounds etc., should be avoided. 3. Communication facility. Suitable communication facility is desirable at a proposed substation both during and after its construction. It is better, therefore, to select the site along
- 18. 4. Availability of essential amenities to the staff. The site should be such where staff can be provided essential amenities like school, hospital, drinking water, housing etc. 5. Drainage facility. The site selected for the proposed substation should have proper drainage arrangement or possibility of making effective drainage arrangement to avoid pollution of air and growth of micro-organisms detrimental to equipment and health.
- 20. 1.CONDUCTORS: A conductor, or electrical conductor, is a substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it Examples of conductors include metals, aqueous solutions of salts (i.e., ionic compounds dissolved in water), graphite, and the human body.
- 21. 2.INSULATORS: : one that insulates: such as. a : a material that is a poor conductor (as of electricity or heat) — compare semiconductor. b : a device made of an electrical insulating material and used for separating or supporting conductors. Examples of insulators include plastics, Styrofoam, paper, rubber, glass and dry air. The division of materials into the categories of conductors and insulators is a somewhat artificial division
- 22. 3.TRANSFORMER: A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. A transformer is an electrical apparatus designed to convert alternating current from one voltage to another. It can be designed to "step up" or "step down" voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle.
- 23. 4.ISOLATOR: Isolator is a switching device which offers making and breaking of electric current in a circuit. Isolators are designed in compliance with IEC 60947-3 and performs below functions: Switching : ON / OFF. Isolation. Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch that isolates the faulty section of substation. It is used to separate faulty section for repair from a healthy section in order to avoid the occurrance of severe faults. It is also called disconnector or disconnecting switch.
- 24. 5.CIRCUIT BREAKER: A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault. Standard Circuit Breakers. Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters, or AFCI Circuit Breakers. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters, or GFCI Circuit Breakers.
- 25. 6.EARTHING: Earthing, also known as grounding, allows people to directly connect their bodies with the Earth and use its natural electric charges to stabilize them. 1 This practice involves walking barefoot outdoors or using indoor grounding systems while sleeping or sitting Earthing is used to protect you from an electric shock. It does this by providing a path (a protective conductor) for a fault current to flow to earth. It also causes the protective device (either a circuit-breaker or fuse) to switch off the electric current to the circuit that has the fault.
- 26. 7.RELAY: Relays are the switches which aim at closing and opening the circuits electronically as well as electromechanically. It controls the opening and closing of the circuit contacts of an electronic circuit. When the relay contact is open (NO), the relay isn't energize with the open contact. With relays, you can considerably reduce the required effort. This makes work easier, faster, more cost-effective, and safer. The electrical lifetime of a high-quality relay is around 1 million operating cycles. It is long compared to other switching devices.
- 27. 8.CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER: The current transformer and potential transformer (also called voltage transformer) are both measuring devices. A CT lowers the current signals for measurement purposes, while a PT lowers high voltage values into lower ones. The transformers are designed to measure whether power systems are both accurate and safe. CT is used to measure current while PT is used to measure voltage. CT is connected in series while PT is connected in parallel. CT ratio range is from 1 to 5A while the PT range is from 110V. We connect the output parameter from CT to the ampere meter while we connect the PT output to the voltmeter.
- 28. 9.BUSBAR: Busbars, also known as busbar trunking systems, distribute electricity with greater ease and flexibility than some other more permanent forms of installation and distribution. Sometimes spelled bus bar or buss bar, they are often metallic strips of copper, brass, or aluminum that both ground and conduct electricity.
- 29. 10.LIGHTNING ARRESTER: A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning Isolator) is a device used on electric power transmission and ... Lightning arresters are typically installed near a critical entry point or appliance, including generators and electrical panels. When a bolt of lightning strikes, the arrester activates and deflects the lightning to the ground, where it disperses harmlessly.
- 37. CONCLUSION: IT IS VERY CONVINEINENT. EASY IN TRANSMITTING ELECTRIC POWER. EASILY AVAILABLE IN HILLY AREAS. IT MAKES EASY LIFE FOR PEOPLE. IT HELPS IN BUILDING NEW TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY. * IT DOESN’T CAUSE HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT.