Transport Policies for Van Couver, Canada
- 1. Transport Policies for Liveable City- Vancouver, Canada Saumya Gupta | TP/644 24.03.2020 Transport Policy & Legislation- Assignment II Image Source- Transportation 2040 ReportSchool of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Coastal Seaport city in Western Canada with an area of 114.97 km2 and a population of 0.63 mn (2016 Census). Image Source- Google Maps In Canada In British Columbia Province Vancouver city
- 2. The top 10 most liveable cities in the world, and their scores according to different indices. (2019) According to WEF 2019, LIVEABILITY means Well-being of Individuals Building communities Sustainable Society Safe, Social Connection, Inclusion Environmentally Sustainable Access to affordable and diverse housing options linked via public transport, walking and cycling infrastructure to Critical factors for liveable communities- *Economic Intelligence Unit Source- The Economist Global Liveability Index 2019 Report, Mercer Quality of Life Ranking 2019 Report, Monocle Quality of Life Survey 2019 Website, Deutsche Bank Quality of Life Ranking 2019 Website School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Rank EIU* GLI Mercer QOL Monocle QOL Deutsche Bank QOL 1 Vienna (99.1) Vienna (108.6) Zurich Zurich 2 Melbourne Zurich Tokyo Wellington 3 Sydney Auckland Munich Copenhagen 4 Osaka Vancouver (107.4) Copenhagen Edinburgh 5 Calgary Munich Vienna Vienna 6 Vancouver (97.3) Dusseldorf Helsinki Helsinki 7 Tokyo Frankfurt Hamburg Melbourne 8 Toronto Copenhagen Madrid Boston 9 Copenhagen Geneva Berlin San Francisco 10 Adelaide (96.6) Basel Lisbon Sydney Parameters •Healthcare •Culture •Environment •Education •Infrastructure •Political strength •Economics •Env, Safety •Education •Pub. Transport •Pub. Services •Cost of PT •House Rent •Food Affordability •Safety •Cost of consumer staples Score Out of 100 Comparative from NYC (100) Only Rank Available
- 3. School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi EXISTING TRANSPORTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY AND CHALLENGES
- 4. Work 19% BT 3% Edu 2%Shopping 11% D/R 7% R/S/E 11% D/P 8% Return Trip 39% City Area 115 km2 City Population 0.63 mn (2016) City Density 5492/km2 Metro Area 2,878 km2 Metro Population 24 mn (2016) GDP per capita USD 44337 ABOUT THE CITY’S PLANNING • Grid city shaped by the original transportation system. • The original road pattern form the foundation of a walkable city. • Called as the city of neighborhoods. • Characterized by high rise residential buildings and mixed use development since the 1950s. • Unlike other cities, Vancouver has no freeways into the downtown area. CITY STATISTICS • Past 25 years saw investments in walking and cycling infrastructure. • Until Jan2020, city was one of the few major cities in North America without ride-sharing company. TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AVAILABLE 1. Metro train (TransLink) 2. Heavy Commuter Rail (West Coast Express) 3. LRT (SkyTrain) 4. Trolley Bus (BC Transit) 5. Pedestrian and Bicycle Ferry Service (SeaBus) 6. Bicycle-Sharing system (Mobi) Source- Wikipedia Source- Transportation 2040 Plan Total no/ of trips- 1.99mn PCTR- 3.8 TRIP PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION MODE SHARE 2018 School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Vancouver Panel Survey Report, 2018 Source- Transportation of Vancouver Source- Transportation Plan 2040 BT- Business Trip Edu- Education D/R- Dining/Restaurant R/S/E- Recreational D/P- Drop off/Pick up
- 5. Transit work trips have ATL 7 km, whereas automobile has 10.6 km Walk 29% Bike sharing 7% Transit 17%Car-share 5% Personal Car 42% School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi OVERALL MODE SHARE Source- Vancouver Panel Survey Report, 2018 MODE SHARE (Work vs School; by-age) ATL- Mode-wise MODE SHARE- Income wise TREND IN VEHICLES ENTERING THE CITY 93% with access to private vehicles 75% with access to private vehicles 83% with access to private vehicles 2.9 3.6 4.0 3.9Trip Rate 37% households with annual income >100k use active transportation whereas 93% own vehicle. 42% personal car and 17% use transit. School has just 20% active transport use.
- 6. School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Decline in VKT over the years Trends in Sustainable Mode Share CHALLENGES 1. A growing city with limited road space 2. Demand for Transit 3. Costs of sedentary lifestyle 4. High cost of Housing 5. Aging Population 6. Rising Fuel Prices 7. Climate Change 8. Growing Downtown •Population expected to rise by 0.13 mn; jobs by 0.09 mn by 2041. •Very few opportunity for new roads. •Demand far exceeds capacity. •Strategic investments for increasing capacity are needed. •45% people are obese and overweight. •Rate of obesity in children has tripled in past 25 years. •Over the years, even with rising population, total VKT has reduced. meaning increase in use of NMT. •Share of sustainable mode (transit, walking, cycling) has increased significantly for walking. •Housing costs is the main problem, tpn is a big part of the solution. By reducing the need to drive or own a car. •60+ population will double by 2048, changes in travel patterns. •Universal options in transportation are needed for all people. •Fossil fuel prices increased significantly in past decade. •Reducing oil dependency and enable local industry to thrive in post-carbon world. •Vehicles account for 30% GHG emissions in the city. •Shift to cleaner fuel is reqd. •Downtown is core area, providing range of mobility options with limited road space is the challenge. Source- Transportation 2040 Plan
- 7. School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi TRANSPORTATION POLICY
- 8. School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Transportation 2040 Plan Goals- • Make the majority of trips on foot, bike, and transit • Eliminate dependence on fossil fuels • Breathe the cleanest air of any major city in the world. GREEN TRANSPORTATION POLICY, VANCOUVER ECONOMY PEOPLE A smart and efficient transportation system that supports a thriving economy while increasing affordability. ENVIRONMENT Healthy citizens who are mobile in a safe, accessible, and vibrant city. An enhanced natural environment that ensures a healthy future for people and the planet. TARGETS TARGET 1: MODE SHARE 2/3 of all trips will be made by foot, bike, and transit. TARGET 1: DISTANCE DRIVEN Distance driven per resident to will be reduced by 20%. Emissions will further reduce by 33% TARGET 3: ZERO TRAFFIC-RELATED FATALITIES • Eliminate all fatalities from the transportation system by engineering, enforcement and education interventions. • Special focus on vulnerable road users.
- 9. Transportation 2040 builds upon the success of the previous plan (1997), which committed the City to not expanding road space despite a growing population and workforce. Since then, the total number of car trips into the city and downtown has decreased, despite growth in total person trips. Walking, cycling, and transit have grown whereas motor trips have declined. TRANSPORTATION PLAN, VANCOUVER School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Transportation 2040 Plan 1. LAND USE Policy- 1. Prioritize and encourage dense and diverse mix of services, amenities, jobs, and housing types in areas well served by frequent, high-capacity transit. 2. Locate major trip generators near rapid transit stations or along transit corridors. 3. Design buildings to contribute to a public realm that feels interesting and safe. Land Use Walking Cycling Transit Motor Vehicles Goods and Emergency Response The Plan is a long term vision covering policies for various aspects and tpn modes as follows- Appropriate land use decisions can encourage walking, cycling, and transit improving mode share which is key to accommodating more trips. Design buildings that put “eyes on the street” to foster feelings of safety, and locate density to support efficient transit service.
- 10. Policy Background The walking network is fairly complete, in areas with poor pedestrian connectivity, new or improved pathways and signalized crossings will be created where feasible. Extending curbs at intersections to minimize crossing distances, installing countdown timers and reviewing signal timing to make sure people can cross safely, and maximizing visibility through lighting, and pavement markings. TRANSPORTATION PLAN, VANCOUVER School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Transportation 2040 Plan 2. WALKING Target- Increase walk share to 22% of total trips. Policy- Pedestrian Network 1. Make streets safer for walking. 1. Provide generous, unobstructed sidewalks on all streets 2. Make streets accessible for all people 3. Make streets and public spaces rain-friendly 4. Address gaps in the pedestrian network 5. Provide a blueprint for great pedestrian realm design 6. Make the city easy to navigate on foot Public Spaces 1. Enable and encourage creative uses of the street 2. Create public plazas and gathering spaces throughout the city 3. CYCLING Increase bike share to 12% of total trips. Target- Policy Background >50% of all trips in the city are under 5 km—less than 20 minutes by bike. Yet over half of these trips are currently made by car. Policy- Cycling Network 1. Build cycling routes that feel comfortable for people of all ages and abilities 2. Upgrade and expand the cycling network to efficiently connect people to destinations 3. Maintain bikeways in a state of good repair 4. Make the cycling network easy to navigate Parking and End-of-Trip Facilities 1. Provide abundant and convenient bicycle parking and end- of-trip facilities Multi-Modal Integration 1. Make it easy to combine cycling with other forms of tpn 2. Provide a public bicycle system Easier way-finding and consistent cycle tracks across municipal boundaries. Identifying collision hotspots.
- 11. Policy- Transit Network 1. Advance new and improved rapid and local transit 2. Improve transit reliability and speed using transit priority measures 3. Support water-based transit and interregional transit Transit-Supportive Public Realm 1. Support an easy to navigate system 2. Provide easy transfers and comfortable waiting areas TRANSPORTATION PLAN, VANCOUVER School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Transportation 2040 Plan 4. TRANSIT Target- 33% fewer trips by private vehicle. 5. MOTOR VEHICLES Integration with Other Modes 1. Make it easy to combine cycling and transit trips 2. Provide a public bicycle system Accessibility Support a universally accessible transit system for people of all incomes, ages, and abilities Neighbourhood Impacts 1. Reduce transit-related env.l and noise emissions 2. Maintain transit streets to a high standard Transit Financing 1. Support effective fares that encourage transit use. Target- 33% modal share expected by 2040. Policy- Road Network 1. Optimize network operations to manage congestion impacts 2. Consider impacts to transit, comm. vehicles, and general traffic flow prior to reallocating road space Parking 1. Separate parking and housing costs to increase housing affordability 2. Provide accessible parking for persons with disabilities 3. Support cycling, low-carbon vehicles, and car sharing Other Demand Mgt Tools 1. Support tpn demand programs that are employer-, institutional-, and district-based 2. Support regional road or congestion pricing, with revenue directed towards sustainable tpn improvements 3. Support insurance options that reward drivers for driving less Low-Carbon Vehicles 1. Provide charging infrastructure to support e-vehicles Taxis 1. Support safe use of taxis for persons with disabilities Policy Background Even with increase in W/B/T, there will still be cars on the road. Widespread use of low- and zero-emission vehicles is critical to meeting our GHG reduction targets Policy Background Strategically locating transit priority measures such as bus bulges, queue jumpers, signal priority, and lane priority or reallocation can be effective ways to improve transit capacity, speed, and reliability. Car sharing is a system where a fleet of communal vehicles is available in convenient locations to regd. members.
- 12. Policy Background Containers leaving Port Metro Vancouver, 63% go directly by rail, and another 22% are transferred to rail before leaving the region as it is most efficient. TRANSPORTATION PLAN, VANCOUVER School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Source- Transportation 2040 Plan 6. GOODS, AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE VEHICLES REVIEW • Relatively fine-grain street network has many benefits. It results in fairly direct travel routes, minimizing overall trip distances. It also provides greater flexibility to close off or modify portions of routes— for traffic management, traffic calming, repair works and to host street celebrations or festivals at neighbourhood level, for example—since parallel routes are usually close by. • Such road pattern usually increases the scope of choosing private vehicle over public transit as the public transit has low viability for passengers in grid networks apart from operational non-viability. • With ATL of work as 10 km, and the radius of the city is 8 km, it directs towards maximum work trips as regional and even then it’s done by private vehicle instead of public transit. Detail on policy is lacking. • Self sufficient neighbourhoods are important for reducing inter- neighbourhood trips and becomes extremely important for upkeeping liveability which is lacking in the Policy. • Traffic volume is completely skipped in the policy formulation process, data is entirely dependent upon sample panel. • Trip Rate of age group 65+ is 3.9 whereas the trip rate of working age group is 4.0 and the mode share for private vehicle in these age groups is 45% and 49% respectively. The purpose and ATL is missing which would’ve helped to understand this statistics better. Policy- Regional-and-Beyond Goods and Services Movement 1. Support truck movement on key regional routes Local Goods and Services Movement 1. Maintain an efficient network of designated truck routes 2. Provide for efficient loading and unloading 3. Support low-impact goods and services movement and delivery 4. Support local production and distribution to reduce the need for large-scale transport Emergency Response 1. Consider emergency vehicle access in street designs and traffic calming measures 2. Provide up-to-date, readily accessible information on traffic calming measures and closures Rightsizing for the job is another way to reduce neighbourhood impacts. For ex: Cargo bikes and small vehicles for urban deliveries. A combination of well-designed traffic calming, appropriately sized vehicles, and response strategies is needed to both prevent and respond to traffic collisions.
- 13. School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi References- 1. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/this-is-what-makes-a-city-liveable/ 2. https://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=liveability2019 3. https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings 4. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/20/these-cities-offer-the-best-quality-of-life-deutsche-bank-says.html 5. https://monocle.com/film/affairs/quality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2019/ 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#Urban_planning 7. https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/2018-transportation-panel-survey.pdf 8. https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/transportation-2040-plan.pdf 9. https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/walk-bike-and-transit.aspx THANK YOU!