True Potato Seed Production Technology: A New Approach to Disease free Potato Cultivation

True Potato Seed Production Technology: A New Approach to Disease free Potato Cultivation

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  True Potato SeedProduction Technology P. Jayasankaran Ph.D. Scholar
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  COMMON NAME :Potato FAMILY : Solanaceae BOTANICAL NAME : Solanum tuberosum Linn CHROMOSOME NUMBER : 2n = 48 ORIGIN : Peru, Chile and Bolivia (South America) INTRODUCTION
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   Low rateof multiplication.  Requires more number of disease free propagules.  Progressive accumulation of degenerative viral diseases.  Many field multiplications of initial disease free material (7 years). Limitations of Conventional potato cultivation
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  A solution toLimitations of conventional Potato cultivation…?
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  True Potato Seed(TPS) is the actual botanical seed produced by the sexual reproduction, and is formed inside the fruits/berries, resembling tomatoes. TPS is formed after the potato has finished flowering. What is TPS ?
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  True Potato seedis very effective & cheap source of planting material. The shortage of good quality seed tubers, high cost of tubers, transportation problem, virus infiltration in seed tubers are some of the problems associated with the use of seed tubers as planting material. The concept of raising potato crop from true potato seeds (TPS) or botanical seeds was conceived in India in the early fifties by Dr. S. Ramanujan, the founder director of CPRI. Why TPS?
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  1. Selection ofParents: In the production of hybrid TPS, Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum should be used as female parent, and the Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena as male parent (Upadhya,1994). Parents with the following characters are selected,  High yield potential  Resistance to major diseases  Ability to bloom under short day conditions  Set berries containing high number of bold seeds  Progenies with high germination capacity and high yielding potential. METHODOLY OF TPS PRODUCTION
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  Plant the maleblock about a week before planting female block during the main season in the plains at the spacing of 60 x 20 cm. Plant tubers at 15 cm intra-row distances. For both parents, tubers of 30 g weight are planted. 2. Planting of hybridization block
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  The flowering inpotato depends on species, cultivar and environmental conditions. It is known that photoperiods of 18-19 hours are optimal for maximizing flowering and berry set. GA3 sprayed @ 75 ppm at 40 days after planting was also effective in flower induction. 3. FLOWERING
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  Genetic tools usedfor hybrid TPS production are; 1. Hand emasculation and pollination. 2. Use of chemical hybridizing agents. However, the widely followed method for TPS production is pollination with emasculation. 4. POLLINATION
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  Berries are readyfor harvest after about 6- 7 weeks of pollination. Under field conditions, a flowering plant will produce 20 berries on an average. A berry contains about 200 seeds. Harvest well developed and fully riped berries. 5. Berry Set and Harvest
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  A hand operatedreverse screw juice extractor is used to extract the seed. The seed and pulp is treated with 10% HCL with continuous stirring for 20 minutes. The seed is washed 3-4 times for acid removal. Seed is spread over a thin layer & dried under shade for 72 hours and exposed to sunlight for 30 minutes. The moisture content is maintained upto 5-7 %. Seeds are graded using sieves of sizes 1/14”, 1/16”, 1/18”, 1/20” round perforated sieves . 6.True Potato Seed Processing
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  The seed ispacked in double walled polythene bags of required thickness. Short term storage : Room temperature, (several months upto 2 years). Long term Storage : 6-10°C (At 4°C , TPS can be stored for several years without any loss to germinability). 7. Storage & Packaging
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  By using TPS,the entire tuber harvest would become available for table purpose. About 200g of seeds can replace 2 tonnes of seed tubers required for 1 hectare land. TPS would minimize the problems associated with tuber transmitted diseases. Seed tubers are perishable & difficult to transport to distant production areas. Transport of TPS is inexpensive and simple. No cold storage facility is required for TPS, which is otherwise needed for seed tubers. TPS is greater resistance to pathogens. Advantages of TPS
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  ICAR-Central Potato ResearchInstitute was established in August 1949 at Patna (Bihar). Later on shifted to Shimla, Himachal Pradesh in 1956. It has 7 regional stations for seed production which are located across the country at Meerut (UP), Jalandhar (Punjab), Gwalior (MP), Patna (Bihar), Shillong (Meghalaya) and Kufri-Fagu unit Shimla. AICRP on potato was started in 1971, at ICAR-CPRI, Shimla. ICAR-CPRI
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  Varieties of potato