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Types of injection routes
The document discusses various routes of injection administration including local, systemic, parenteral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intradermal. It provides details on each route, including common injection sites, considerations for choosing syringe needles, preparation steps, and potential complications. Subcutaneous injections are defined as injections into the tissue layer under the skin, while intramuscular injections deliver medication into muscles. Intravenous injections directly administer medication into veins. The seven rights of drug administration are also summarized as right client, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, right reason, and right documentation.
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Overview of injection routes: Local action and Systemic action. Types of parenteral medications.
Details on injections, including administration methods, syringe components, and infection control.
Overview of the essential rights in drug administration to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Description and preparation of subcutaneous injections, common drugs administered, and equipment.
Step-by-step guide on administering subcutaneous injections and possible complications.
Introduction to intramuscular injections, common sites, and factors affecting administration.
Detailed procedures for IM injections and possible complications associated with this method.
IV injection techniques, advantages, and common medications administered via this route.
Introduction to intradermal injections, indications, and common sites for administration.
Detailed procedural steps for performing intradermal injections and follow-up guidelines.
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Types of injection routes
- 2. Introduction • Most ofthe injection can be administrated by a variety of routes, which depends on both drugs as well as patients related factors. • Routes can be :- A. Localaction B. Systemicaction
- 3. Local action Systemicaction • Topical • Deeper tissue • Arterial • Oral • Sub-lingual • Rectal • Cutaneous • Inhalation • Nasal • Parenteral i. Subcutaneous ii. Intramuscular iii. Intravenous iv. Intradermal
- 4. Parenteral medications • Administrationof a medication by injection into body tissues. • Subcutaneous (SC) – into tissue below dermis of skin • Intramuscular (IM) – Into body muscle • Intravenous (IV) – into a vein • Intradermal (ID) – into dermis just under the epidermis
- 6. Injection • Sterile solution,emulsions or suspensions • Prepared by dissolving, emulsifying an active ingredient and any other substances in water for injection • Act of giving medication by use of syringe and needle to obtain the desired • therapeutic effect taking into account the pts. Safety and comfort.
- 7. Drug in injectionform ?? • Usually allow rapid absorption • Produce blood levels comparable to those of intravenous bolus injections • Given from 1 ml and up to 2mls in the deltoid and up to 3 mls in the gluteal muscle in adults. • Drugs that are altered or not absorbed by other method of administration
- 8. Syringes • 3 mainparts:- • Barrel – Chamber that holds the medication • Plunger – Part within the barrel that moves back and fourth to withdraw and still medication. • Tip – part that the needle is attached to..
- 9. Consideration when choosinga syringe needle • Type od medication • Depth of tissue penetration required • Volume of medication • viscosity of medication • size of the client
- 10. Equipment for theadministration of injection • Tray which include drug and equipment • Syringe of appropriate size • Swab saturated with isopropyl alcohol 70% • sterile topical swab if drug is presented in ampoule form drug to be administered • Pts. Prescription to check dose, route and timing • Notes available to record administration in accordance with law • Gloves , Apron
- 11. Reduce the riskof infection • Good hand washing • Good hand drying • Aseptic technique • Good observation and questioning of client • Skin preparation, if required
- 12. 7 Right ofDrug administration 1. Right client 2. Right medication 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right reason 7. Right documentation
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- 15. • It isa method of administering medication • A short needle is used to inject a drug into the tissue layer between the skin & muscle. • Medication administered by subcutaneous injection include drugs that can be given in small volumes. • Insulin and hormones are commonly administered as subcutaneous injections. • Medication like morphine, hydromorphine, metoclopramide/dexamethasone can also be administered. • Most often used for PDD. Introduction
- 16. Preparation for S.C.inj. • Location of inj. Is important. • Some areas of the body have a more easily accessible layer of tissue , where a needle injected under the skin will not hit muscle, bone, or blood vessels.
- 17. Most common site •Abdomen – at or under the level of the belly button, about 2 inch away from naval. • Arm – back or side of the upper arm • Thigh - front of the thigh
- 19. Equipment used • Medication •Syringes • Auto injector pen
- 20. How to administer •Wash hand properly • Gather supplies • Clean the injection site • Prepare for syringe with medication o Remove the cap from the vial o draw air into the syringe o insert air into vial o withdraw the medication o remove any air bubbles • Inject the medication o Pinch the skin o inject the needle o insert the medication o withdraw the needle o apply pressure to the site
- 22. Complication • Severe pain •redness • Swelling • Warmth or drainage
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- 24. Introduction • It isa technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. • This allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.
- 25. Used for? • Commonpractice in modern medicine • Used to deliver drugs and vaccines • Some time it may be used instead fir I.V. inj. Because drugs are irritating to veins , or because a suitable vein can not be located. • Absorption rate are faster then subcutaneous inj. Because muscle tissue has a greater blood supply than the tissue just under the skin. • It can hold a larger volume of medication than subcutaneous tissue.
- 26. Most common site •Deltoid muscle of the arm • Vastus lateralis muscle of thigh • Ventrogluteal muscle of the hip • Dorsogluteal muscles of the buttocks
- 28. Method of administration •Needle size and injection site will depend on many factors. • These include age, size of the person receiving the medication and the volume and the type of medication • The needle should be long enough to reach the muscle without penetrating the nerves the blood vessels underneath. • Generally, needles should be 1 inch- 1.5 inch for an adults. • 22 G – 25 G thick, noted as 22G on the packaging
- 30. Steps for I.M.inj. • Wash hands properly • Gather all needle supplies • Locate the injection site • Clean injection site • Proper syringe with medication • Self injection withy a syringe o Insert the needle o Check for blood • Inject the medication • Remove the needle • Apply pressure to the injection site
- 31. Complication • Severe painat the injection site • tingling or numbness • Redness, swelling or warmth at the injection site • Drainage at the injection site • Prolonged bleeding • Signs of an allergic reactions like- difficulty in breathing, facial swelling
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- 34. • Medication aredirectly administer into vein using a needle or tube. • With I.V. administration , a thin plastic tube called an IV catheter is inserted into vein. • It allows to provide safe doses of medication without needling to poke with a needle each time.
- 35. • IV medicationis often used because of the control if provides over doses • For instance, in some situation people must receive medication very quickly. • This includes emergencies such as a heart attack, stroke or poisoning. • Medications may need to be given slowly but constantly. • IV administration can also be a controlled way to give drugs overtime.
- 36. • Typically usedfor short- term needs. • It may be used to administer medication during surgery or to give pain medications or antibiotics. • A needle is usually inserted into a vein in wrist, elbow, or back of the hand. • The catheter is then pushed over needle • The needle is removed and the catheter remain in vein.
- 37. • Some arecommonly given by this methods- • Chemotherapy drugs- doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplantin, paclitaxel • Antibiotics – such as ; vancomycin, meropenem • Antifungal drugs • Anti inflammatory drugs • Drugs for low blood pressure • Immunoglobulin medication (IVIG)
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- 41. Indication Diagnostic • Identify skinallergy to any drugs • Intradermal allergy test • Tuberculin skin test/ Montoux test • Xylocaine sensivity test Therapeutic • Administration of local anesthesia prior to invasive procedure.
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- 45. Implementation 1. Gather anequipment needed 2. Explain the procedure to patients 3. Wash hands and don the gloves 4. Prepare the medication in the nurse station and discard all unwanted equipment's. 5. Position the client and select the appropriate site for the injection 6. Cleanse the site with the alcohol swab in circular motion 7. Remove the needle cap with non-dominant hand by pulling straight away. 8. Now spread the skin taut and place the needle almost flat against pts. Skin 9. Insert 1/8 inch bevel up so that needle can be seen through the skin. 10. Slowly inject during watching for a bleb to develop 11. Withdraw the needle from the same angles as it was inserted 12. Don't recap the needle, discards syringe & needle into appropriate by. 13. Remove the gloves and gloves an do wash the hands 14. Perform documentation 15. Draw circle using pen or marker around the injection site. 16. Write the date and time of medication administration.
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