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The document discusses 5 brain states related to threat and emotional responses. Brain state 1 has the neocortex and subcortex as primary areas, while state 5 is dominated by the brainstem. States 1-3 are considered homeostatic, involving physiological processing with the vagal brake engaged. These states promote prosocial development. States 4-5 are allostatic with the vagal brake disengaged, processing through the midbrain and brainstem. These states involve hedonic, ego-based rewards that activate short-term positive but long-term negative emotions, failing to promote emotional and social development.





