Ultra Dense Netwok
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This presentation discusses ultra dense networks (UDN) in 5G mobile communications. UDN aims to meet the requirements of explosive data traffic growth by deploying many more small cells than previous networks. Key challenges of UDN include interference management due to frequency reuse, efficient multi-hop routing, and significantly increased energy consumption unless efficiency is improved. Future research opportunities exist for companies, universities, and countries to address these challenges and realize the full benefits of UDN for 5G networks.
Ultra Dense Netwok
- 1. Welcome to Our Presentation Ultra Dense Network in 5G
- 2. Bangladesh university of Business and Technology
- 3. Contents • Introduction • Objectives • Definition • What will be on 5G ? • Ultra-Dense Network Architecture and Technologies for 5G • Download speed at 5G over 4G and 3G for UDN • Upload speed at 5G over 4G and 3G for UDN • Why Ultra Dense Network at 5G • Outlook towards 5G Ultra Dense Networks • Applications of Ultra Dense Network • Advantages of UDN • Disadvantages of UDN • Challenges of UDN • Operator Challenges for Network Densification • Scope of Researching in Future • Interference Management & Mobility Concerns • Conclusions
- 4. Introduction To meet 1000× wireless traffic volume increment in the next decade, the fifth generation (5G) cellular network • The massive multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) technology was proposed to improve the spectrum efficiency of 5G mobile communication systems . • The millimeter wave communications was presented to extend the transmission bandwidth for 5G mobile communication systems. • The small cell concept has been appeared to raise the throughput and save the energy consumption in cellular scenarios .
- 5. Objectives
- 6. Definition Ultra dense network (UDN) is a promising technique to meet the requirements of explosive data traffic in 5G mobile communications. ... Software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization, network slicing for supporting heterogeneous UDNs. Increasing the traffic density in areas like airports and large shopping malls requires both outdoor and indoor deployment to provide seamless coverage and capacity. Such an example requires indoor LTE small cells, unlicensed LTE and WLAN/ 802.11n/ac solutions to complement outdoor macro and small cells.
- 8. What will be on 5G ? The next generation of technology provides a greater amount of spectrum for wireless communication. Smaller sizes of wireless cells. More modulation schemes. Letting greater numbers of wireless users share the spectrum. 5G technology offers at least one gigabit per second for connection speeds, shorter delays than 4G technology, and millimeter wave (mmW) bands for supporting applications requiring large capacity. In July 2016, the FCC began creating rules for 5G technology, making the United States the first country opening high-band spectrum for the technology
- 9. Ultra-Dense Network Architecture and Technologies for 5G In recent years, with the growing popularity of smart device, our daily life has come to revolve around with spectacularly successful mobile Internet services, which lead to the explosion of data traffic in mobile communication networks. The requirement on communication networks has become a critical issue. By 2020, the global mobile traffic volume will have about 1000 times growth compared to that of 2010. Recent research on 5G requirements indicates that the traffic density in crowded city or hotspot area will reach 20~Tbps/Km2.
- 10. Ultra-Dense Network Architecture and Technologies for 5G
- 11. Download speed at 5G over 4G and 3G for UDN The download speeds at up to 1000 times faster than 4G, potentially exceeding 10Gbps Network Type Download Speeds 3G Network 384Kbps 4G Network 100Mbps 5G Network 1-10Gbps (theoretical)
- 12. Download speed at 5G over 4G and 3G for UDN
- 13. Upload Speed at 5G over 4G and 3G for UDN Network Type Milliseconds (ms) 3G Network 120ms (actual) 4G Network 45ms (actual) 5G Network 1ms (theoretical)
- 14. Why Ultra Dense Network at 5G Cellular Network Cell Size Wave Base Station 3G Macro Cell 4-5 BS/km2 4G Micro Cell 8-10 BS/km2 5G Small Cell 40-50 BS/km2
- 15. Outlook towards 5G Ultra Dense Networks LTE and LTE-A will enable ultra-dense network deployment with minimum user cell edge data rates of 10-20 Mbps with monthly subscriber data of 20-50 GB data. In 2030 even higher data rates and data consumption is envisioned and LTE will no longer suffice. It is clear that achieving the above requirements in all cases is not practical. Sub-millisecond latency and extreme data rates using new cmWave and mmWave spectrum calls for wide distribution of the processing, close to the antennas and the end-user. All areas of the networks will not use these extreme features. Further, the performance difference between small cell and macro layer starts to increase and achieving scalability at lowest possible network cost calls for a multi-layer approach. Finally, with UDN levels expected in 5G, control and support functions for better network optimization and automation will be needed
- 16. Outlook towards 5G Ultra Dense Networks
- 17. Applications of Ultra Dense Network • Advanced radio access network architectures to support heterogeneous ultra dense devices and users • Coexistence of WiFi, Small Cells, HetNets and LTE/LTE-A sharing unlicensed spectrum • Self organizing and heterogeneous ultra dense small cell networks • Advanced radio resource management for heterogeneous ultra dense 5G networks • Software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization, network slicing for supporting heterogeneous UDNs
- 18. Applications of Ultra Dense Network • Novel applications and service scenarios of ultra dense 5G networks in vehicular Internet, and IoT • Energy harvesting, caching , and cognitive radio for supporting heterogeneous UDNs • Energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, and big data techniques in heterogeneous ultra dense scenarios • Novel multiple access techniques in heterogeneous UDNs, such as SCMA, NOMA, PDMA, MUSA, etc. • Supporting network applications, such as video applications for heterogeneous ultra dense networks. • Other topics in heterogeneous UDNs
- 19. Advantages of UDN Higher data rate: Data rates of about 10 Gbps or higher can be achieved. This provides better user experience as download and upload speeds are higher. Better coverage: Better coverage at cell end. Smooth handoff: Due to involve UDN in 5G network architecture handoff is smooth and hence it does not have any effect on data transfer when mobile user changes cells. Higher Capacity: Typically, 5G offers 100x traffic capacity for using UDN. Higher density: Typically, 5G offers 10x connection density for using UDN. Higher efficiency: Typically, 5G offers 3x spectrum efficiency, 100x network efficiency for using UDN.
- 20. Advantages of UDN Operational Impact: An operator in a medium sized country may have 8-10,000 base station sites, but as the network becomes denser, the operator may have more than 100,000 cells to manage in a complex environment. Minimized Cost and Higher Speeds: Small cells to provide lower cost capacity and coverage at outdoor hot spots. Small cells to offload the macro network and provide low cost indoor capacity. Indoor DAS solutions can be upgraded to LTE for seamless connectivity.
- 21. Disadvantages of UDN • Need more skill: It requires skilled engineers to install and maintain Ultra Dense network. • Higher cost. UDN equipment’s are costly. • Delay for security: It will take time for security and privacy issues to be resolved fully in UDN. • Higher loss: UDN will mainly use in 5G technology. Coverage distance of up to 2 meters and 300 meters can be achieved due to higher losses at high frequencies. 5G mm wave suffers from many such losses. • Need upgraded cell phone: Updated Smartphones are costly. If we want to use ultra dense network then we have buy updated phone.
- 22. Challenges of UDN The first challenge is the multi-hop relay optimization in 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. In the distribution network architecture, both the back-haul and front- haul traffic must be relayed into the destination. The selection of relaying small cell BS should be carefully considered in 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. Hence, the wireless multi-hop routing algorithm is a key challenge for 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. Although the small cell BS equipped with massive MIMO antennas has enough antennas for simultaneously transmitting backhaul traffic and front- haul traffic, it is another important challenge how to reasonably allocate massive antennas for backhaul and front-haul transmissions
- 23. Challenges of UDN The second challenge is to figure out how to organize adjacent small cells for co-operative transmission. For example, how to dynamically group small cells for seamlessly covering the high-speed mobile user track is an open issue. The proportion between the computation power and transmission power maybe reversed at wireless transceivers adopting massive MIMO antenna and millimeter wave communication technologies. In this case, the computation power cannot be ignored for the BS energy consumption. Considering the proportion change between the computation power and the transmission power, the new energy efficiency model need to be investigated for ultra dense cellular networks with massive MIMO antenna and millimeter wave communication technologies.
- 25. Challenges of UDN Thirdly, as a perennial problem faced by every generation of mobile communication system, interference is serious in LTE since adjacent cells reuse the same frequency resource. To cope with the interference between macro cells, some static and semi static methods can be proposed as of now. Static methods such as cell planning and partial frequency reuse (PFR) use system configurations to avoid interference. In semi-static methods, eNBs exchange information for interference coordination via X2 interface with a period ranging from 20ms to 200ms. For downlink, relative narrow band transmit power (RNTP) is utilized to inform neighboring eNBs of the bands with high power. For uplink, overload indicator (OI) signals measured interference level while high interference indicator (HII) reports the bands on which high power uplink transmission may be scheduled.
- 26. Challenges of UDN Fourthly, Mobility is another important issue which is usually handled by handover in mobile communication systems. Handover is not expected to happen frequently as they were initially designed for macro cells with large coverage in LTE. Thus a complicated handover procedure with high signaling overhead is adopted. Moreover, the hard handover mechanism in LTE means connection to the source cell is released before connecting to the destination cell. This disruption in transmission may trigger the congestion control process of transmission control protocol (TCP), leading to violent fluctuation of data rate.
- 27. Challenges of UDN Lastly, energy consumption delivers a difficult challenge when it comes to UDNs. Statistics show that mobile communication industry produces 86 million tons of CO2 in 2007, accounting for 0.2% of global carbon footprint. Even with an optimistic estimation, mobile communication carbon emission is expected to triple by 2020. Since UDN means much more small cells, the surge in energy consumption will be considerable if the 4G energy efficiency is not improved. High energy consumption not only leads to environmental damage but also puts pressure on the already huge bills of the operators. Moreover with the advent of green energy, green communication is becoming a hot research topic and expectation for 5G to be more energy efficient than previous technologies is becoming a significant drive.
- 28. Operator Challenges for Network Densification Densifying the network aims principally to keep customers happy by providing them with better than expected services. Too many users on the same cell will affect accessibility and usability. Operators need to provide users with optimum quality while keeping the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to a minimum.
- 29. Scope of Researching in Future From Mobile Companies side: Nokia Qualcomm Ericsson Samsung Intel Huawei DoCoMo Zte Fujitsu Vodafone
- 30. Scope of Researching in Future
- 31. Scope of Researching in Future From Countries Side: The United States South Korea Sweden Estonia Turkey Japan China Korea & China are being very active on national level.
- 32. Scope of Researching in Future From Universities Side: • Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden • Chinese Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), China • King’s College, Great Britain • Lund University, Sweden • New York University, USA • Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden • Rutgers University, USA • Stanford University, USA • Swedish ICT/SICS, Sweden • Technical University of Dresden, Germany
- 33. Interference Management & Mobility Concerns • A densified network poses particular concerns for a mobile operator. Today’s predominantly macro-based networks will become small cell networks with a handful of macros. Operators need a coherent long term strategy for deploying small cells because if cells are not planned from the start, interference levels can rise dramatically. • As the population of cities continues to grow, the network will evolve from hot spots, to hot zones, and finally to densified networks. Operators will also need to re-evaluate existing macro sites as in some cases they may no longer be required.
- 34. Conclusions Even without a uniquely agreed quantitative definition, UDN is expected to be an essential element of 5G networks for various deployment scenarios. In addition to implementation related technologies, standards related designs are necessary to realize its full potential. Comparing with the fast development of mmWave or mMIMO technologies, the progress of UDN specific work requires more attention and effort.
- 35. Ultra Dense Network in 5G