The Umayyad dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty, founded by Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan in 661 in Mecca, Arabia. It is known for its significant territorial expansion across North Africa, Europe, and Asia, with noteworthy naval victories. The dynasty lasted until 750 when it was overthrown by the Abbasid dynasty, but a remnant continued to rule in Córdoba, Spain until the 11th century.