Umbelleriferae
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The document discusses several plants from the Apiaceae family, including their botanical origins, parts used, constituents, and medicinal uses. It describes Fennel, Caraway, Coriander, Conium, Anise, and Asafoetida. These plants are aromatic herbs and spices that are used medicinally as expectorants, carminatives, stimulants, and for conditions like indigestion, colic, and asthma. The major constituents are volatile oils containing compounds like anethole, carvone, linalool, and pinene.
Umbelleriferae
- 1. UMBELLIFERAE
- 2. • The Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae), commonly known as • carrot or parsley family, • is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems.
- 3. • The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera • It is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants. • HABIT: Plants are annual, biennial and perennials herbs with • HABITAT: It is widely distributed in through out the world.
- 4. • STEM: Furrowed fistular stem having swollen nodes . . • LEAVES: usually alternate and compound.
- 5. • INFLORESCENCE: simple or compound umbel • FLOWER: Pentamerous , Epigynous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic, pedicellate • COROLLA: 5 petals, free, adnate to the ovary and sometimes unequal.
- 6. • CALYX: 5 sepals free,adnate to ovary often considerably reduced in size. • ANDROCEIUM: 5 stamens, alternate with petals, polyandrous • GYNAECIUM: Bicarpillary, syncarpous, with axile placentation, ovary inferior, two celled
- 7. • FRUIT: Cremocarp consisting of two indehiscent carpels laterally or dorsally compressed, breaking up into two parts called mericarp. Each mericarp contain one seed.
- 8. FENNEL
- 9. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Foeniculum vulgare • Common Name: Saunf • Part used: Dried ripened fruit • Habit: A perennial sub shrub • Habitat: Indigenous to Mediterranean countries and Asia Cultivated in France, India and Russia Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil The major volatile oil is Anethole (40-50%)
- 11. • Fennel oil has β-pinene, anisic acid, phellandrine and anisic aldehyde • MEDICINAL USES Antiseptic, antispasmodic, Anti inflammatory carminative Expectorant Fennel can increase production of bile, used in the treatment of infant colic, increases lactation and promote mensturation.
- 12. • Commercially the oil is used in soap washes, perfumes.
- 13. CARAWAY
- 14. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Carum carvi Common Name: carum, caraway fruits. • Part used: Dried ripened fruit • Habit: A biennial sub shrub • Habitat: Native to Europe and Western Asia Cultivated in Germany, India and North Africa, Canada Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil The major volatile oil is Carvone (65%)
- 16. • MEDICINAL USES Aromatic, Stimulant, Carminative Flavoring agent Caraway oil has strong fungicidal action Oil is also expectorant Drug is recommended in dyspepsia as a tonic, as stomachic, for flatulent indigestion
- 17. CORIANDER
- 18. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Coriandrum sativum • Common Name: Fructus coriandri, coriander fruits. • Part used: Dried ripened fruit • Habit: Annual herb • Habitat: Cultivated in central and Eastern Europe particularly in Russia, Africa, and India. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil The major volatile oil is Linalool (coriandrol)
- 20. • MEDICINAL USES Aromatic, Stimulant, Carminative Flavoring agent Diaphoretic Oil is also expectorant Appetizer Externally applied for the treatment of rheumatism In infusion for children’s diarrhoea, digestive upsets, anorexia and flatulence.
- 21. Conium
- 22. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Conium maculatum • Common Name: Poison hemlock • Part used: Dried fully grown unripened fruit • Habit: A diennial herb • Habitat: Indeginous to Europe and cultivated in North and south America and in varous parts of Asia • Constituents: Mainly contain Alkaloid Coniine
- 24. • MEDICINAL USES In homeopathy,used to treat glandular enlargements, for instance, cancerous tumors, particularly in the breast. To cure nervous disorders accompanied by slowly progressing paralysis in the muscles that starts in the feet and moves upwards. Sedative and Antispasmodic in sufficient doses acts as a paralyser to the centres of motion. In its action it is, therefore, directly antagonistic to that of Strychnine, and hence it has been recommended as an antidote to Strychnine poisoning, and in other poisons of the same class, and in tetanus, hydrophobia
- 26. Anise
- 27. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Pimpinella anisum • Common Name: Anise, Aniseed, sweet cumin, star anise • Part used: Dried ripened fruit • Habit: Annual herb • Habitat: Native to Egypt, Greece, Asia Minor and cultivated in Spain, Italy, Russia, Germany. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil The major volatile oil is Anethole
- 29. • MEDICINAL USES Expectorant, Carminative Aromatic Flavoring agent in cough mixtures and lozenges Antispasmodic Appetizer Externally applied for the treatment of scabies It can enhance memory, used in bronchitis, asthma and in whooping cough
- 30. ASAFOETIDA
- 31. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Ferula foetida, Ferula asafoetida • Common Name: Gum asafetida, Devil’s dung,Hing • Part used: Oleogum resin obtained by incising the living rhizomes and roots • Habit: Perennial branching herb • Habitat: Indegenous to Iran and Afghanistan. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil 4-20% Pinene Organic disulphides including isobutyl propanyl disulphide responsible for alliaceous odour
- 32. Resin 40-65% asaresinol ferulate, as ester of ferulic acid and asaresinol, free ferulic acid and a resene asaresene Gum 25% Α-pinene