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![42 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM
the Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD),
the Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
These 24 were selected to include all of the specialized
agencies and represent a broad range of issues related
to sustainable development (education, health, finance,
trade, telecommunication, and industrial policies).
Most of the 193 UN member states participate in all
24 selected organizations (with a global median of 24,
a maximum of 24, and a minimum of 12). Since the last
UN-Mi edition, Comoros has become the 165th WTO
member state, while South Sudan and the Solomon
Islands have joined UNIDO as its 172nd and 173rd
member states, respectively. The majority of G20 and
large countries are members of all 24 organizations
(Figure 3.8), however Argentina announced in February
2025 that it would leave the WHO; Australia is not
a member of UNIDO, UNWTO or IFAD; Canada and
the United Kingdom are not members of UNIDO or
UNWTO; France left UNIDO in 2014; Ethiopia is not
a member of WTO; the Russian Federation is not a
member of UNWTO; and the United States is not a
member of UNIDO or UNWTO and withdrew from the
WHO in February 2025.
Participation in conflicts and
militarization
The fourth indicator concerns “Participation in conflicts
and militarization”. The Preamble of the 1945 UN
Charter states that all UN member states must “practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as
good neighbors” and “unite [their] strength to maintain
international peace and security”. Several UN resolutions
and reports highlight the link between disarmament
and development. The final document of the tenth
special session on disarmament, adopted by the UN
General Assembly in 1978, underlined the following:
“There is also a close relationship between
disarmament and development. Progress in
the former would help greatly in the realization
of the latter. Therefore resources released as a
result of the implementation of disarmament
measures should be devoted to the economic
and social development of all nations and
contribute to the bridging of the economic gap
between developed and developing countries.”
(UN 1978, par 35)
Almost ten years later, in 1987, the International Con-
ference on the Relationship between Disarmament and
Development led to the adoption of an action plan that
included commitments to reduce military spending
and redirect the resources saved toward development
(United Nations 1987). More recently, in the context
of the SDGs, the Under-Secretary-General and High
Representative for Disarmament Affairs stated the
following:
“Through its 17 Sustainable Development Goals,
the Agenda sets out a road map to end hunger,
protect the planet, achieve gender equality,
improve health and more. … It is estimated that
the cost to achieve quality universal primary
and early secondary education for all (Goal 4)
would barely exceed 3 per cent of global annual
military spending, while eliminating extreme
poverty and hunger (Goals 1 and 2) would
amount to only about 13 per cent of annual
military spending. Reinvesting 5 per cent of
global military spending would also exceed
the initial annual costs of adapting to climate
change in developing countries (Goal 13). So
little could do so much.” (UNODA 2020)
In 2024, through the adoption of the Pact for the
Future, UN member states raised their concerns about
the potential impact that the global increase in military
spending could have on sustainable development
(Action 13). They requested the Secretary-General
establish, by the end of the current (79th) session,
an analysis of the impact specifically on the achieve-
ment of the SDGs. According to data compiled by the
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
(SIPRI), the world’s military expenditure reached
2,718 billion USD in 2024, marking a 9.4 percent
increase in real terms compared to 2023. This rep-
resents the largest year-on-year rise since at least the
end of the Cold War (SIPRI 2025). Notably, military
spending increased in all world regions.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-54-2048.jpg)
![52 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES
where x is the raw data value; max/min denote the
upper and lower bounds, respectively; and x’ is the
normalized value after rescaling.
The rescaling equation ensured that all rescaled
variables were expressed as ascending variables
(i.e., higher values denoted better performance). In this
way, the rescaled data became easy to interpret and
compare across all indicators: a country that scores 50
on a variable is half-way towards achieving the optimum
value; a country with a score of 75 has covered three
quarters of the distance from worst to best.
Weighting and Aggregation
Several rounds of expert consultations on earlier drafts
of the SDG Index made it clear that there was no
consensus across different epistemic communities on
assigning higher weights to some SDGs over others.
As a normative assumption, we therefore opted to give
fixed, equal weight to every SDG, reflecting policymakers’
commitment to treating all SDGs equally and as an
integrated and indivisible set of goals. This implies that to
improve their SDG Index score, countries need to place
attention on all goals, with a particular focus on those
they are furthest from achieving and where incremental
progress might therefore be expected to be fastest.
To compute the SDG Index, we first estimate scores for
each goal using the arithmetic mean of indicators for
that goal. These goal scores are then averaged across
all 17 SDGs to obtain the SDG Index score. The results
of various sensitivity tests are available online includ-
ing comparisons of arithmetic mean versus geometric
mean and Monte-Carlo simulations at the Index and
Goal level. Monte-Carlo simulations call for prudence in
interpreting small differences in the Index scores and
rankings between countries as those may be sensitive
to the weighting scheme.
Dashboards
We introduced additional quantitative thresholds
for each indicator to group countries in a “traffic
light” table. Thresholds were established based on
statistical techniques and through various rounds of
consultations with experts conducted since 2016.
Establishing Performance thresholds
To make the data comparable across indicators, each
variable was rescaled from 0 to 100, with 0 denoting
worst performance and 100 describing the optimum.
Rescaling is sensitive to the choice of limits and to
extreme values (outliers) – which could become unin-
tended thresholds and introduce spurious variability in
the data. Consequently, the choice of upper and lower
bounds can affect the relative ranking of countries in
the index.
The upper bound for each indicator was determined
using the following decision tree:
1. Use absolute quantitative thresholds in SDGs and
targets: e.g., zero poverty, universal school completion,
universal access to water and sanitation, full gender
equality.
2. Where no explicit SDG target is available, apply the
principle of “Leave-No-One-Behind” to set the upper
bound to universal access or zero deprivation.
3. Where science-based targets exist that must be
achieved by 2030 or later, use these to set the
100 percent upper bound (e.g., zero greenhouse
gas emissions from CO₂ as required by no later than
2050 to stay within 1.5°C, 100 percent sustainable
management of fisheries).
4. For all other indicators, use the average of the top 5
performers.
These principles interpret the SDGs as “stretch targets”
and focus attention on the indicators where a country is
lagging behind. The lower bound is defined at the 2.5th
percentile of the distribution. Each indicator distribution
is censored, so that all values exceeding the upper bound
score 100, and values below the lower bound score 0.
Normalization
After establishing the upper and lower bounds, variables
were transformed linearly to a scale between 0 and 100
using the following rescaling formula for the range [0;100]:
x´= x 100
x – min(x)
max(x) – min(x)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-64-2048.jpg)
![56 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES
SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum
Green
threshold
Red
threshold
Lower
bound
Reference
Year Source
1 ✓ Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0 2 13 72.6 2025 World Data Lab
1 ✓ Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0 2 13 51.5 2025 World Data Lab
1 [a] ✓ Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.1 10 15 17.7 2022 OECD
2 ✓ Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 7.5 15 42.3 2022 FAO
2 ✓
Prevalence of stunting in children under 5
years of age (%)
0 7.5 15 40 2022 UNICEF et al.
2 ✓
Prevalence of wasting in children under 5
years of age (%)
0 5 10 16.3 2022 UNICEF et al.
2
Minimum dietary diversity among children
aged 6-23 months (%)
80 70 30 10 2022 UNICEF et al.
2 ✓
Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult
population)
2.8 10 25 35.1 2022 WHO
2 ✓ Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.04 2.2 2.4 2.45 2022
Bonhommeau et al.
(2013) / updated 2025
2 ✓
Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested
land)
7 2.5 1.5 0.2 2022 FAO
2 ✓
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index
(best 0–1.41 worst)
0 0.3 0.7 1.2 2018
Zhang and Davidson
(2019)
2 [a] Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77 75 50 28 2023
Global Yield Gap
Atlas
2
Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per
million population)
0 1 50 250 2022 FAO
3 ✓
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live
births)
3.4 70 140 814 2023 WHO et al.
3 ✓ Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.1 12 18 39.7 2023
UN Inter-agency
Group for Child
Mortality Estimation
3 ✓ Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 25 50 130.1 2023
UN Inter-agency
Group for Child
Mortality Estimation
3 ✓
Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000
population)
0 10 75 561 2023 WHO
3 ✓
New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected
population, all ages)
0 0.2 1 5.5 2023 UNAIDS
3 ✓
Age-standardized death rate due to
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or
chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30
to 70 years (%)
9.3 15 25 31 2021 WHO
3
Age-standardized death rate attributable
to household air pollution and ambient air
pollution (per 100,000 population)
0 18 150 368.8 2019 WHO
3 ✓ Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.2 8.4 16.8 33.7 2021 WHO
3 ✓ Life expectancy at birth (years) 83 80 70 54 2023 UNDESA
3 ✓
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000
females aged 15 to 19)
2.5 25 50 139.6 2022 WHO
Table A.4
Indicators included in the Sustainable Development Report 2025
Legend for Note:
[a] denotes OECD-only indicators
[b] denotes indicators not used in OECD dashboard but that are used in the calculation of OECD countries’ index scores](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-68-2048.jpg)
![57
Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
Methodology (overview)
SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum
Green
threshold
Red
threshold
Lower
bound
Reference
Year Source
3 ✓ Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100 98 90 23.1 2022 UNICEF
3 ✓
Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-
recommended vaccines (%)
100 90 80 41 2023 WHO and UNICEF
3 ✓
Universal health coverage (UHC) index of
service coverage (worst 0–100 best)
100 80 60 38.2 2021 WHO
3 ✓
Subjective well-being (average ladder score,
worst 0–10 best)
7.6 6 5 3.3 2024 Gallup
3 [a] ✓
Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions
(years)
0 3 7 11 2022 OECD
3 [a] ✓
Gap in self-reported health status by income
(percentage points)
0 20 40 45 2023 OECD
3 [a] ✓
Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and
over)
10.1 18 32 35 2023 OECD
4 ✓
Participation rate in pre-primary organized
learning (% of children aged 4 to 6)
100 90 70 35 2023 UNESCO
4 ✓ Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100 97 80 53.8 2023 UNESCO
4 ✓ Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100 90 75 18 2023 UNESCO
4 ✓ Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100 95 85 45.2 2022 UNESCO
4 [a] ✓
Tertiary educational attainment
(% of population aged 25 to 34)
52.2 40 10 0 2023 OECD
4 [a] ✓ PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 525.6 493 400 350 2022 OECD
4 [a] ✓
Variation in mathematics performance
explained by socio-economic status (%)
8.3 10.5 20 21.4 2022 OECD
4 [a] ✓
Underachievers in mathematics
(% of 15-year-olds)
10 15 30 48 2022 OECD
5 ✓
Demand for family planning satisfied by
modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49)
100 80 60 30 2024 UNDESA
5 ✓
Ratio of female-to-male mean years of
education received (%)
100 98 75 41.8 2022 UNDP
5 ✓
Ratio of female-to-male labor force
participation rate (%)
100 70 50 21.5 2024 ILO
5 ✓ Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50 40 20 1.2 2025 IPU
5 [a] ✓ Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 0 8 20 36.7 2023 OECD
6 ✓
Population using at least basic drinking water
services (%)
100 98 80 40 2022 JMP
6 ✓
Population using at least basic sanitation
services (%)
100 95 75 9.7 2022 JMP
6 ✓
Freshwater withdrawal (% of available
freshwater resources)
12.5 25 75 100 2022 FAO
6
Anthropogenic wastewater that receives
treatment (%)
100 50 25 15 2021 EPI
6 ✓
Scarce water consumption embodied in
imports (m³ H₂Oeq/capita)
30 800 3000 8000 2024 UNEP
6 [a] ✓
Population using safely managed water
services (%)
100 95 80 10.5 2022 JMP
6 [a] ✓
Population using safely managed sanitation
services (%)
100 90 65 14.1 2022 JMP
Table A.4
(continued)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-69-2048.jpg)
![58 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES
Table A.4
(continued)
SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum
Green
threshold
Red
threshold
Lower
bound
Reference
Year Source
7 ✓ Population with access to electricity (%) 100 98 80 9.1 2022
IEA, IRENA, UNSD,
WB, WHO
7 ✓
Population with access to clean fuels and
technology for cooking (%)
100 85 50 2 2022
IEA, IRENA, UNSD,
WB, WHO
7 ✓
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per total
electricity output (MtCO₂/TWh)
0 1 1.5 5.9 2023
Global Carbon
Project IEA
7 ✓
Renewable energy share in total final energy
consumption (%)
55 32 10 3 2021
IEA, IRENA, UNSD,
WB, WHO
8 Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 100 75 50 0 2023 World Bank
8 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0 4 10 22 2022
Walk Free
Foundation (2018)
8 ✓
Adults with an account at a bank or other
financial institution or with a mobile-money-
service provider (% of population aged 15
or over)
100 80 50 8 2022
Global Findex
Database
8 [b] ✓
Unemployment rate (% of total labor force,
ages 15+)
0.5 5 10 25.9 2025 ILO
8 ✓
Fundamental labor rights are effectively
guaranteed (worst 0–1 best)
0.85 0.7 0.5 0.3 2023 World Justice Project
8 ✓
Fatal work-related accidents embodied in
imports (per million population)
0 1 4 10 2018
Alsamawi et al.
(2017)
8
Victims of modern slavery embodied in
imports (per 100,000 population)
0 20 250 300 2018 Malik et al (2022)
8 [a] ✓ Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.8 60 50 50 2024 OECD
8 [a] ✓
Youth not in employment, education or training
(NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24)
8.1 10 15 28.2 2022 OECD
9 ✓
Rural population with access to all-season
roads (%)
99.5 90 60 35 2025
SDSN (2023), based
on Workman, R.
McPherson, K., TRL
(2019)
9 ✓ Population using the internet (%) 100 80 50 2.2 2023 ITU
9 ✓
Mobile broadband subscriptions
(per 100 population)
100 75 40 1.4 2023 ITU
9 ✓
Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure
Score (worst 1–5 best)
3.8 3 2 1.6 2023 World Bank
9 ✓
The Times Higher Education Universities
Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities
(worst 0–100 best)
50 30 0 0 2025
Times Higher
Education
9 ✓
Articles published in academic journals (per
1,000 population)
1.2 0.7 0.05 0 2023
Scimago Jounal
Rank
9 ✓
Expenditure on research and development
(% of GDP)
3.7 1.5 1 0 2023 UNESCO
9 ✓
Total patent applications by applicant's origin
(per million population)
600 300 10 0 2023 WIPO
9 [a] ✓ Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.6 8 7 0.8 2022 OECD
9 [a] ✓
Gap in internet access by income
(percentage points)
0 7 45 63.6 2020 OECD
9 [a] ✓
Female share of graduates from STEM fields
at the tertiary level (%)
50 30 20 15 2022 OECD
10 ✓ Gini coefficient 27.5 30 40 63 2022 World Bank
10 ✓ Palma ratio 0.9 1 1.3 2.5 2022 OECD UNDP](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-70-2048.jpg)
![59
Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
Methodology (overview)
Table A.4
(continued)
SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum
Green
threshold
Red
threshold
Lower
bound
Reference
Year Source
10 [a] ✓
Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66
or over)
3.2 5 25 45.7 2022 OECD
11 ✓
Proportion of urban population living in
slums (%)
0 5 25 90 2022 UN Habitat
11 ✓ Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 6.3 10 25 87 2023
Washington
University in St Louis
11 ✓
Access to improved water source, piped (% of
urban population)
100 98 75 6.1 2022 WHO and UNICEF
11 [a] ✓ Population with rent overburden (%) 4.6 7 17 25.6 2022 OECD
11 [a] ✓
Urban population with access to points of
interest within a 15min walk (%)
98 90 50 15 2025
SDSN (2023),
based on Nicoletti,
L., Sirenko, M.,
Verma, T. (2023)
11
Population with convenient access to public
transport in cities (%)
100 80 50 9 2020 UN-Habitat
12 [b] Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 1 2 3.7 2020 World Bank
12 Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.2 5 10 23.5 2022 UNU-IAS
12 ✓
Production-based air pollution (DALYs per
1,000 population)
0 2 10 24 2024 UNEP
12 ✓
Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs
per 1,000 population)
0 2 12 35 2024 UNEP
12 ✓
Production-based nitrogen emissions
(kg/capita)
2 20 50 100 2024 UNEP
12 ✓
Nitrogen emissions associated with imports
(kg/capita)
0 10 30 90 2024 UNEP
12 ✓ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0 1 5 12 2024 UN Comtrade
12 [a] ✓
Non-recycled municipal solid waste
(kg/capita/day)
0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2022 OECD
13 ✓
CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion
and cement production (tCO2/capita)
0 2 4 20 2023
Global Carbon
Project
13 ✓
GHG emissions embodied in imports
(tCO₂/capita)
0 1 4 16 2024 Lenzen et al. (2022)
13
CO₂ emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports
(tonnes/capita)
0 0.5 4 44 2024 UN Comtrade
13 [a] ✓
Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO₂ (
%, worst 0–100 best)
100 70 30 0 2021 OECD
14 ✓
Mean area that is protected in marine sites
important to biodiversity (%)
100 85 65 0 2023
Birdlife
International et al.
14 ✓
Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score
(worst 0–100 best)
100 80 70 28.6 2024 Ocean Health Index
14 ✓
Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed
stocks (% of total catch)
0 25 50 90.7 2018 Sea around Us
14 ✓ Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1 7 60 90 2019 Sea Around Us
14 ✓ Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0 5 15 20 2019 Sea around Us
14 ✓
Marine biodiversity threats embodied in
imports (per million population)
0 0.2 1 2 2018
Peterson, I. (2018)
Lenzen et al. (2012)
15 ✓
Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites
important to biodiversity (%)
100 85 65 0 2023
Birdlife
International et al.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-71-2048.jpg)
![60 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES
SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum
Green
threshold
Red
threshold
Lower
bound
Reference
Year Source
15 ✓
Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites
important to biodiversity (%)
100 85 65 0 2023
Birdlife
International et al.
15 ✓
Red List Index of species survival
(worst 0–1 best)
1 0.9 0.8 0.6 2023
IUCN and Birdlife
International
15 ✓
Permanent deforestation (% of forest area,
3-year average)
0 0.05 0.5 1.5 2023
Global Forest Watch
/ Curtis et al. (2018)
15 ✓ Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0 10 30 50 2022 GSCI
16 ✓ Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 1.5 4 38 2023 UNODC
16 ✓ Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 0.8 0.6 0.45 2023 World Justice Project
16 ✓
Unsentenced detainees (% of prison
population)
7 30 50 75 2022 UNODC
16
Birth registrations with civil authority
(% of children under age 5)
100 98 75 11 2022 UNICEF
16 ✓ Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.6 60 40 13 2024
Transparency
International
16 Children involved in child labor (%) 0 2 10 39.3 2021 UNICEF
16
Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV
constant million USD per 100,000 population)*
0 0.04 2 3.4 2024
Stockholm Peace
Research Institute
16 ✓ Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 88 70 50 40 2025
Reporters sans
frontières
16 ✓
Access to and affordability of justice
(worst 0–1 best)
0.75 0.65 0.5 0.1 2023 World Justice Project
16 ✓
Timeliness of administrative proceedings
(worst 0–1 best)
0.85 0.7 0.4 0.15 2023 World Justice Project
16 ✓
Expropriations are lawful and adequately
compensated (worst 0–1 best)
0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 2023 World Justice Project
16 [a] ✓
Persons held in prison (per 100,000
population)
25 100 250 475 2022 UNODC
17 ✓
Government spending on health and
education (% of GDP)
15 10 5 0 2023 UNESCO
17 ✓
For high-income and all OECD DAC countries:
International concessional public finance,
including official development assistance
(% of GNI)
1 0.7 0.35 0.1 2024 OECD
17 ✓
Other countries: Government revenue
excluding grants (% of GDP)
40 30 16 10 2023 IMF
17 ✓ Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 40 60 70 100 2024 Tax Justice Network
17 [a] ✓ Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 42.7 45 55 76.5 2022 Tax Justice Network
17 ✓ Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0 1 10 130 2021
Atlas of the Offshore
World
17 ✓
Statistical Performance Index
(worst 0–100 best)
100 80 50 25 2023 World Bank
17
Index of countries' support to UN-based
multilateralism (worst 0–100 best)
90 75 50 30 2025 SDSN
*Note: The inclusion of an indicator on the export of major conventional weapons should not be interpreted as a value judgment by the authors on the policies implemented in the
context of the war in Ukraine, but rather as an effort to evaluate more generally trends towards disarmament recognized by the UN and civil society organizations as an important
priority for peace, socio-economic stability and sustainable development (UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, 2018; Amnesty International, 2008).
Source: Authors
Table A.4
(continued)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sustainable-development-report-2025-251008061349-7d49054b/75/UN-Sustainable-Development-Report-2025-full-version-72-2048.jpg)
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UN Sustainable Development Report 2025 - full version
- 1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2025 Financing SustainableDevelopment to 2030 and Mid-Century Includes the SDG Index and Dashboards Edition
- 2. A catalogue recordfor this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century. Sustainable Development Report 2025 © Jeffrey D. Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller and Guilherme Iablonovski ISBN: 978-0-903200-26-4 (paperback) ISBN: 978-0-903200-27-1 (ePDF) ISBN: 978-0-903200-28-8 (ePUB) Published by Dublin University Press Dublin, Ireland, 2025 www.dublinuniversitypress.com Design: Pica Publishing, New York, London, Paris Printed by Ingenidoc in Rouen, France. The rights of Jeffrey Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller and Guilherme Iablonovski to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000. This work is in copyright. It is subject to statutory exceptions and to the provisions of relevant licensing agreements; with the exception of the Creative Commons version the link for which is provided below, no reproduction of any part of this work may take place without the written permission of the authors. An online version of this work is published at https://doi.org/10.25546/111909 under a Creative Commons Open Access license CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 which permits re-use, distribution and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes providing appropriate credit to the original work is given. You may not distribute derivative works without permission. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 All versions of this work may contain content reproduced under license from third parties. Permission to reproduce this third-party content must be obtained from these third parties directly. When citing this work, please include a reference to the DOI 10.25546/111909 Dublin University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
- 3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2025 Financing SustainableDevelopment to 2030 and Mid-Century Includes the SDG Index and Dashboards By Jeffrey D. Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller and Guilherme Iablonovski
- 4. 2025 marks the10th anniversary of the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 10th edition of the Sustainable Development Report (SDR). Prepared by the SDSN’s SDG Transformation Center, the SDR reviews progress made each year on the SDGs since their adoption by the 193 UN member states. This year’s edition focuses on “Financing the SDGs by 2030 and Mid-Century” and is published ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4), scheduled to take place from 30 June to 3 July 2025 in Seville, Spain. The report was coordinated by Guillaume Lafortune in cooperation with Jeffrey D. Sachs. Lead writers are Jeffrey D. Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller, and Guilherme Iablonovski. The statistical work was led by Grayson Fuller, with support from Guilherme Iablonovski, Sara Allali, and Samory Touré. The website and interactive data platform that accompanies this report was developed by Katsia Paulavets, Ruben Andino, and Felipe Leite Mantovani. Part 1 “Financing for Development” was led by Jeffrey D. Sachs with major inputs provided by SDSN’s Leadership Council and its Networks Strategy Council. It builds on an earlier version adopted by the Fraternal Economy program of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in early April 2025. For their contributions at various stages, we thank Katsia Paulavets, María Cortés Puch, Alyson Marks, Tara Everton, Eduardo Weirich, and more broadly, the chairs and managers of the 57 national and regional SDSN networks. More than 50 organizations from 40 different countries provided written inputs during the public consultation process that took place between March 31st and April 11th, 2025. We are very grateful to all the governmental bodies – including many national statistical offices (NSOs) and international organizations, NGOs, academics, and private-sector organizations that provided comments. The SDG Index and Dashboards combines data and analyses produced by international organizations, civil-society organizations, and research centers. We thank all of these for their contributions and collaboration in producing the report. Dublin University Press and Roberto Rossi of Pica Publishing prepared the report for publication. We welcome feedback on the report or on the data that may help to strengthen future iterations of this work. Please notify us of any publications that use the SDG Index and Dashboards data or the Sustainable Development Report, and share your publication with us at [email protected]. An interactive online dashboard and all data presented in this report can be accessed at: https://sdgtransformationcenter.org June 2025 Published by Dublin University Press Please cite this report as: Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., Iablonovski, G. (2025). Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century. Sustainable Development Report 2025. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25546/111909 This report has been prepared with the extensive advice and consultation of the SDSN Leadership Council. Members of the Leadership Council serve in their personal capacities; the opinions expressed in this report may not reflect the positions or policies of their host institutions. Members are not necessarily in agreement on every detail of this report. The views expressed in this report do not reflect the views of any organization, agency, or programme of the United Nations. Design, layout, and copyediting by Pica Publishing Ltd – www.pica-publishing.com Acknowledgements
- 5. iii Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Contents Acronyms andAbbreviations vi Executive Summary viii Part 1. Financing for Development 1 Overview1 Sustainable development is a high-return activity 3 The potential ofcutting-edge technologies to advance sustainable development 4 Reforming the International FinancialArchitecture 4 TheActionAgenda at FfD4 8 Message ofHope in Memory ofPope Francis 9 Part 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards 11 Status ofSDG progress globally 11 SDG progress by region and country 14 International spillovers and exposure to supply-chain disruptions 20 Annex: SDG Dashboard by Regions 21 References29 Part 3. Commitment to the SDGs and UN-Based Multilateralism 33 Government and societal support forthe SDGs 34 The 2025 Index ofcountries’ support forUN-based multilateralism (UN-Mi) 38 Ratification ofmajorUNTreaties 38 Percentage ofvotes aligned with the international majority at the UN GeneralAssembly (UNGA) 39 Participation in selected UN organizations and agencies 41 Participation in conflicts and militarization 42 Use ofunilateral coercive measures 43 Contribution to the UN budget and international solidarity 45 Outlook47 References47 Annex: Methods Summary and DataTables 48 Interpreting the SDG Index and Dashboards results 48 Changes to the 2025 edition and limitations 49 Methodology (overview) 50 References61 Part 4. Country Profiles 63
- 6. List of Figures,Tables and Boxes List of Figures Figure 2.1 World SDG Dashboard 2025 11 Figure 2.2 The 2025 SDG Index Ranks and Scores 12 Figure 2.3 SDG Index Baseline versus progress, by various country classifications, 2015-2024 16 Figure 2.4.a Countries with the most and the least progress on the SDGi, 2015–2024 16 Figure 2.4.b Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by world regions, 2015-2024 17 Figure 2.4.c Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by income groups, OECD G20, 2015–2024 17 Figure 2.5 A decade of SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions 18 Figure 2.6 SDG Index scores versus International Spillover Index scores, 2025 20 Figure 2.7 2025 SDG dashboards by region and income group (levels and trends) 21 Figure 2.8 2025 SDG dashboards for OECD countries (levels and trends) 22 Figure 2.9 2025 SDG dashboards for East and South Asia (levels and trends) 23 Figure 2.10 2025 SDG dashboards for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (levels and trends) 24 Figure 2.11 2025 SDG dashboards for Latin America and the Caribbean (levels and trends) 25 Figure 2.12 2025 SDG dashboards for the Middle East and North Africa (levels and trends) 26 Figure 2.13 2025 SDG dashboards for Oceania (levels and trends) 26 Figure 2.14 2025 SDG dashboards for sub-Saharan Africa (levels and trends) 27 Figure 2.15 2025 SDG dashboards for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (levels and trends) 28 Figure 3.1 Participation in Voluntary National Review process (number of countries), 2016–2025 34 Figure 3.2 Number of VNRs presented by G20 and large countries, 2016–2025 35 Figure 3.3 Number of Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) prepared by regional and/or local authorities, all countries, 2016–2025 35 Figure 3.4 The 2025 Index of Countries’ Support to UN-Based Multilateralism (UN-Mi) 36 Figure 3.5 Major UN treaties ratified (percent), G20 and large countries, 1945–2024 38 Figure 3.6 Percentage of votes aligned with the majority vote at the UN General Assembly, G20 and large countries, 2020–2024 40 Figure 3.7 Percentage of votes aligned with the majority vote at the UN General Assembly, selected countries, by decade since 1950 40 Figure 3.8 Membership in selected group of 24 UN organizations, G20 and large countries, 2025 41 Figure 3.9. Global Peace Index: militarization and external conflicts, 2024 43 Figure 3.10 Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs), G20 and large countries (1950–2022/23) 44 Figure 3.11. Delays in payment of dues to the United Nations, score, 2020–2024 46 Figure 3.12 Official Development Assistance (ODA), as a percentage of GNI, OECD/DAC countries (aggregate), 1960–2024 46 Figure A.1 The Four-arrow system for denoting SDG trends 53 Figure A.2 Graphic representation of the methodology for SDG trends 54 iv Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
- 7. v Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century List of Figures, Tables and Boxes List of Tables Table 2.1 The 17 headline indicators used to measure overall country progress on the SDGs, 2015–2024 (or closest available year) 15 Table A.1 New indicators and modifications 49 Table A.2 Countries excluded from the 2025 SDG Index due to insufficient data 51 Table A.3 Spillover indicators and categories 55 Table A.4 Indicators included in the Sustainable Development Report 2025 56 List of Boxes Box 1. A decade of SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions 18 Box 2. The SDG Index and Geographic Information Systems 19
- 8. ACLED Armed ConflictLocation and Event Data AI Artificial intelligence ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AU African Union BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa BRICS+ Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates COP Conference of the Parties DESA UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs DSA Debt sustainability analysis DSF Debt Sustainability Framework ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EESC European Economic and Social Committee EMDE Emerging Market and Developing Economies EO Earth observation EPRS European Parliamentary Research Service EU European Union FABLE Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-Use, and Energy (FABLE) Consortium FFD International Conference on Financing for Development FICs Financing in Common (network) GDP Gross domestic product GFA Global Financial Architecture GHG Greenhouse gas emissions GIS Geographic information systems GNI Gross national income GPG Global public goods GPI Global Peace Index GSDR Global Sustainable Development Report HIC High-income country HLPF High-Level Political Forum ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IEP Institute for Economics and Peace IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IMF International Monetary Fund INFF Integrated National Financial Framework IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change JRC Joint Research Centre (of the European Commission) LIC Low-income country LLR Lender of last resort Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms and Abbreviations vi Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century
- 9. vii Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century LMIC Lower-middle-income country MDB Multilateral development bank MDG Millenium Development Goals MENA Middle East and North Africa NDC Nationally determined contributions NGO Non-governmental organization NSO National statistical office ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights PCSD Policy coherence for sustainable development PDB Public development bank PPP Purchasing power parity SDG Sustainable Development Goals SDGi SDG Index (headline version) SDR Sustainable Development Report SDSN Sustainable Development Solutions Network SIDS Small Island Developing States SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SNA System of National Accounts UCM Unilateral coercive measure UMIC Upper-middle-income country UN United Nations UN DESA UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs UN-Mi Index of countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism UNCTAD UN Trade and Development UNDP UN Development Programme UNEP UN Environment Programme UNFCCC UN Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFPA UN Population Fund UNGA UN General Assembly UNICEF UN Children's Fund UNIDO UN Industrial Development Organization UNSD UN Statistics Division VNR Voluntary National Review WFP UN World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WJP World Justice Project WTO World Trade Organization Acronyms and Abbreviations
- 10. viii Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 The SDGs and the UN Summit of the Future Executive Summary Since 2016, the Sustainable Development Report (SDR) has provided the most up-to-date data available to track and rank the performance of all UN member states on the SDGs. Eighty years after the creation of the UN system, the report also provides improved and updated measures to track countries’ efforts to support UN-based multilateralism. In total, more than 200,000 individual data points are used to produce 200+ country and regional SDG profiles. This year’s edition was authored by a group of independent experts at the SDG Transformation Center, an initiative of the SDSN. This year’s SDR emphasizes the following eight key messages: 1. Global commitment to the SDGs is strong: 190 out of 193 countries have presented national action plans for advancing sustainable development. A decade after the adoption of Agenda 2030 and the SDGs, 190 of the 193 UN member states have participated in the Voluntary National Review (VNR) process, presenting their SDG implementation plans and sustainable development priorities to the international com- munity. The European Union and State of Palestine have also presented VNRs. Most UN member states have presented two or more VNRs, and 39 countries volunteered to present one in 2025. Only three UN member states have not taken part in the VNR process: Haiti, Myanmar, and the United States. Additionally, a growing number of regional and local leaders have prepared Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) to report on SDG imple- mentation at the subnational level. As of March 2025, 249 VLRs were listed on the dedicated UN website. 2. East and South Asia has outperformed all other regions in SDG progress since 2015. This year’s SDR introduces a steamlined SDG Index (SDGi), which uses 17 headline indicators to track overall SDG progress. On average, East and South Asia has shown the fastest progress on the SDGs since 2015, driven notably by rapid progress on the socioeconomic targets. 3. Other countries that have progressed more rapidly than their peers include the following: Benin (Sub-Saharan Africa), Nepal (East and South Asia), Peru (Latin America and the Caribbean), the United Arab Emirates (Middle East and North Africa), Uzbekistan (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), Costa Rica (OECD), and Saudi Arabia (G20). 4. European countries continue to top the SDG Index. Finland ranks first this year and 19 of the top 20 countries are in Europe. Yet even these countries face significant challenges in achieving at least two goals, including those related to climate and biodiversity. In this year’s SDG Index, China (#49) and India (#99) have entered the top 50 and top 100 performers respectively. 5. On average globally, the SDGs are far off-track. At the global level, none of the 17 goals are currently on course to be achieved by 2030. Conflicts, structural vulnerabilities, and limited fiscal space impede SDG progress in many parts of the world. But while only 17 percent of the targets are on track to be achieved worldwide, most UN member states have made strong progress on targets related to access to basic ser- vices and infrastructure, including mobile broadband use (SDG 9), access to electricity (SDG 7), internet use (SDG 9), under-5 mortality rate (SDG 3), and neonatal mortality (SDG 3).
- 11. ix Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Executive Summary 6. Barbados ranks first and the United States ranks last in UN-based multilateralism. Barbados stands out as the country most committed to UN-based multilateralism, while the United States ranks last in this year’s Index of countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism (UN-Mi). In early 2025, the United States announced its withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization (WHO) and formally declared its opposition to the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda. Among G20 countries, Brazil is the most committed to UN-based multilateralism, with Chile leading among OECD countries. 7. For many developing countries, a lack of fiscal space is the major obstacle to SDG progress. Roughly half the world’s population lives in countries that cannot invest adequately in sustainable development due to debt burdens and a lack of access to affordable, long-term capital. Global public goods are vastly under- financed. UN member states gathering at the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) in Seville, Spain (June 30 – July 3, 2025) have an enormous responsibility, not only to their own citizens but to all of humanity. 8. Sustainable development offers high returns: capital should flow to the emerging and developing countries on more favourable terms. The Global Financial Architecture (GFA) is broken. Money flows readily to rich countries and not to the emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) that offer higher growth potential and rates of return. At the top of the agenda at FfD4 is the need to reform the GFA so that capital flows in far larger sums to the EMDEs. Part 1 of this report (also published online by the SDSN in May 2025) offers practical recommendations to scale up and align international financing flows to support global public goods and achieve sustainable development.
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- 13. 1 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Financing for Development Statement of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network1 Part 1 The UN member states meeting in Seville have a responsibility not only to their own citizens but to all of humanity. Member states must act together in partner- ship and good fath for the common good of humanity. No single member state of the United Nations can excuse itself from the responsibility to contribute fairly and adequately to the provision of global public goods and services. High-income member states have a special responsibility, both as a matter of distributive justice – that the rich not leave the poor behind – and as a matter of reparative justice – that those countries that contributed most to greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental harms in the past must do the most to curb their emissions in the future and to compensate the other countries for the damages their past actions have caused. No individual member state can shirk the demands of justice. There are four categories of public goods that must be addressed in Seville. First, UN member states must ade- quately finance the UN system itself. The overall cost of UN operations is a paltry sum – just US$46 billion in 2023 (the year of most recent data) compared with US$2.4 trillion spent worldwide on the military that year. The United States paid US$13 billion towards UN opera- tions in 2023, compared with US$916 billion on military outlays. The UN budget must be met in full, and indeed increased. Efficiencies in UN operations are to be wel- comed, but cutting UN budgets at a time of pervasive conflicts, human displacements, climate disasters, epidemic diseases, and other crises is unacceptable. Second, UN member states must increase their official financing of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the lead-up to 2030, including providing debt relief as needed to create the fiscal space to achieve them. Since 2016, SDG financing from official sources has received remarkably short shrift. The high-income countries have delayed critical capital increases at the World Bank and other multilateral development banks, even though the SDG financing gap is large and well documented, and delayed critical increases in International Monetary Fund quotas and Special Drawing Rights allocations. Third, UN member states must increase their financing of the global commons, including the biodiversity of the world’s tropical rainforests; the marine life of the oceans; and the protection of the atmosphere, fresh- water, soils, coastlines, wetlands, and other ecosystems from transboundary pollution and global-scale degrada- tion. The high-income countries bear the responsibility for filling the funds they have designated for these purposes, including the Adaptation Fund, the Loss and Damage Fund, the Green Climate Fund, and others. Fourth, UN member states must agree on critical reforms of the international financial markets to ensure that world savings flow to countries with the highest investment returns and the highest growth prospects – which are the world’s poorer countries. This is not the case today. The international financial markets are led by faulty regulations and policies to favor countries that use the major international currencies, notably the US dollar and the euro, as well as countries already 1. A previous version of this statement was adopted by the Fraternal Economy of Integral and Sustainable Development programme of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. The SDSN dedicates this statement to the memory of Pope Francis, a towering champion of the poor, the planet, and sustainable human development. Overview The upcoming Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4), in Seville, Spain from June 30 – July 3, 2025, should send a message of hope that humanity’s global goals to end poverty and contain the climate emergency are within reach. Key reforms to the International Financial Architecture – the system of public and private finance that channels the world’s savings to the world’s investments – should be adopted at this conference to bring these vital objectives within reach. As the United Nations member states pledged in Agenda 2030, let us leave no one behind.
- 14. 2 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century favored by the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. The rest of the world, especially poorer countries, is largely cut off from international capital by low credit ratings that punish poor countries as a matter of formula rather than economic logic, and by a maze of unilateral economic sanctions imposed by the key-currency countries. The IMF and the World Bank also fail to recognize the crucial positive role of long- term debt financing for development, instead favoring a debt sustainability system that discourages or even bars the long-term financing of infrastructure and human capital in poorer countries. We call for a bold outcome that has four parts. First, the core outcome document from FfD4 should express the consensus of UN member states, if not neces- sarily their unanimity. No single state or small group of states should block the collective will of the UN member states. The core outcome document should strongly reaffirm the global sustainability frameworks and agreements (Agenda 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the Montreal-Kunming Biodiversity Framework) and the overarching principles of sustainable development, distributive and reparative justice, common but differ- entiated responsibilities, and collective responsibility for the UN system, and commit to fixing the global financial architecture to ensure the financing needed for sustainable development. Second, there should be room for reservations by indi- vidual states, to enable them to express their concerns without blocking the action of the consensus of member states. No single state or small number of states should impede actions supported by the majority of UN members, representing most of the world’s population. Third, there should be room for high-ambition initiatives by “coalitions of the willing”. FfD4 should encourage and welcome bold actions by individual regions or groups of nations that in turn inspire other nations and regions to raise their ambitions as well. Fourth, there should be a clear list of specific action items that can be reported to the world in clear and unmistakable terms, along with timelines and mea- surements for accountability. The highest priorities include: (1) full funding of the UN system; (2) substan- tial increases in official funding by the World Bank, multilateral development banks, and the International Monetary Fund, backed as necessary by capital increases at these institutions, and debt relief as needed to increase vital fiscal space; (3) proper funding of the institutions established to protect the global commons, including the Global Environmental Facility, the Adaptation Fund, and the Loss and Damage Fund, with clear assessments by country and new revenues raised via international taxes (e.g. on international shipping, aviation, and greenhouse emissions) and other agreed means; (4) clear steps to reform the regulation of private capital markets, including revamp- ing the credit rating system and the IMF-World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework to increase capital flows to high-return investments in low-income countries, with a commitment to report back to the UN General Assembly on these measures in 2026. PART 1 – FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT
- 15. Statement of theUN Sustainable Development Solutions Network on The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) 3 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Statement of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network on The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) Agenda 2030 and the Paris Climate Agreement further the common good of humanity, and humanity and the United Nations member states must actively work towards achieving them. Yet less than 20 percent of the SDG targets are on track to be achieved by 2030, and the climate crisis is rapidly worsening. No UN member state can exempt itself from this work, particularly at a time when unilateral actions by individual states can cause irreparable damage for the present and future generations of all humanity. The world is also beset by violent conflicts that claim innocent lives and threaten global survival. We must redouble our efforts towards peace and ensure for all people the material conditions of survival and dignity that are necessary for peace. We align ourselves with the Alliance for Peace adopted in Gernika, Spain under the auspices of the UN Alliance of Civilizations and in partnership with the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Sustainable development is a high- return activity The job of finance is to bring the fruits of technologi- cal advances to benefit all of humanity, including our impoverished brothers and sisters in conflict zones and places hard hit by the ravages of high-intensity trop- ical cyclones, droughts, floods, heatwaves and forest fires that are occurring with increasing frequency as the result of human-induced climate change. We have powerful tools at our disposal – zero-carbon energy, open-source AI, precision agriculture, biodiversity con- servation. We must undertake the needed investments to bring these solutions to bear at the global scale. There is more good news for finance: economic development is a high-return activity. This means that properly designed financial markets can channel the world’s savings not only to high-income countries that are already prosperous, but even more to the world’s poorer countries, which have the potential for rapid “catch-up” economic advancement. We note with satisfaction that today’s emerging market and devel- oping economies (EMDEs) routinely achieve faster economic growth than do high-income countries, a process that economists call “economic convergence”. Indeed, the poorer a country is today, the greater its growth potential and the higher the return on invest- ment. With properly functioning international financial markets associated with key institutional reforms within emerging economies to reduce investment risks and to channel investments towards economic, social, and environmental priorities, the stream of annual global savings – roughly US$30 trillion per year – will flow in a vast and rising current to meet the needs and fulfill the potential of the poorest countries. In addition to investing in the planet’s environmental sustainability, the most reliably high return on the planet comes from investing in the health and educa- tion of a young child in a low-income country in Africa, Asia, Oceania, or Latin America and the Caribbean. Education not only fosters dignity, fulfillment, and wellbeing, but also delivers remarkable and reliable economic benefits; leading economists to describe healthcare, nutrition, and education as investments in human capital. Such investments have a huge financial payoff with perhaps a 20 percent compound annual return when they are broad-based and of good quality. The most pressing practical challenge is to enable such investments even in impoverished areas where governments currently lack the revenue to provide health services, nutritional supplementation, and quality schooling for all children. We recall with alarm, sadness, and determination that some 250 million children are out of school because of the poverty of their societies, an estimated 733 million people struggle with chronic hunger, and roughly a third of humanity cannot afford a healthy diet. Sound international finance could and would channel long-term grants and loans to the poorest nations, allowing governments to ensure that all children receive the start in life they need and are enabled to achieve higher earnings in the future, so creating the very means for countries to repay 1. Financing for Development
- 16. 4 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century international debts. For the millions of out-of-school, poor children living in middle-income countries, domes- tic financing and accountable governance can ensure that even the poorest within these societies have access to health, nutrition, and quality education. The potential of cutting-edge technologies to advance sustainable development This past year has brought us new fruits of human ingenuity. DeepSeek, an ingenious AI engine devised by young Chinese engineers, building on the ingenuity of AI pioneers, offers a powerful low-cost, open-source AI system that can benefit humanity. BYD, another innovative Chinese company, unveiled a system that charges electric vehicles in just five minutes, bringing the dream of convenient, low-cost and zero-emission mobility within reach. The 2024 Nobel prizes in chemis- try and physics awarded to British and British-Canadian scientists celebrated breakthroughs in protein folding and machine learning, offering prospects for drug development and other stunning breakthroughs that could benefit human health and global prosperity. We are aware that advances in technology can be used for good or ill, but we emphasize their potential to enhance human wellbeing and advance the SDGs. We call on governments and policymakers to collaborate with scholars and civil society to establish legal, regulatory, and ethical frameworks to direct innovations towards the common good. We call on FfD4 to adopt measures to ensure that these new technologies are accessible to all parts of the planet, to rich and poor alike. Reforming the International Financial Architecture Scaling-up affordable and long-term financing We emphasize, therefore, that the most important practical problem facing UN members at FfD4 is how to enable the vast US$30 trillion pool of world savings to flow in much larger amounts to where they are most in need: to low-income and lower-middle income countries and those most vulnerable to global envi- ronmental shocks, and to the poorest people within all countries. For that, we must reform the international financial architecture. As a practical matter, the interna- tional financial architecture should ensure that global savings flow to EMDEs with long maturities and low capital costs, are aligned to their investment needs, and have realistic timelines for long-term convergent growth in these countries. Financing for economic development is within reach, but the timeline of development must be understood and respected by the international financial system. A 3-year-old child in Uganda today, if suitably enabled, empowered, and financed, will graduate university in 20 years. She will then work for another 20 years to reap the returns on her education, a period long enough to pay income taxes that repay the costs of her education. Uganda can therefore prudently borrow to finance the education of its children, to be repaid out of their bountiful future earnings, if the loans have long maturities (such as 40 years) and low interest rates that properly reflect the high returns of education and therefore the true “bankability” of the loans. We call on the UN member states meeting in Seville to redesign the international financial architecture in accord with the high potential and realistic timeline of economic convergence. For impoverished nations struggling under the weight of unsustainable debt and burdensome debt servicing, we call for debt relief consistent with the Jubilee Year. Debt relief should entail at the least a restructuring of the outstanding debts of heavily burdened countries, so that their debts fall due not in the immediate future but in 30–40 years: a realistic timeline that aligns with future economic growth. We also call on creditor governments to swap outstanding debts for investments in climate safety (debt-for-climate swaps), the protection of biodiversity (debt-for-nature swaps), and education (debt-for-edu- cation swaps), in line with Pope Francis’s declaration of 2025 as a Jubilee Year: “If we really wish to prepare a path to peace in our world, let us commit ourselves to remedying the remote causes of injustice, settling unjust and unpayable debts, and feeding the hungry.” PART 1 – FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT
- 17. Reforming the InternationalFinancial Architecture 5 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century We note that in most cases the true debt challenge is not the absolute scale of the debt, but rather its terms. Until now, the international financial system has burdened developing country borrowers with subjec- tive risk assessments of their international borrowing capacities that are not aligned with the underlying economic fundamentals of emerging economies. The essential fact is that poorer countries offer higher growth potential and higher returns on capital than rich countries. Capital should flow to these countries. Instead, they are condemned by short-term and short- sighted analyses from credit rating agencies and the Bretton Woods institutions. As a result, they pay exor- bitant yields and are pushed to accept short maturities on their market borrowing. One consequence is what economists call “self-fulfill- ing panics”. Since the maturities are short, the debts must be refinanced every 5 to 10 years. The grave structural problem is that refinancing debts is rarely routine. Financial markets are inherently unstable and prone to self-fulfilling panics and crises within the domestic banking sector, in the international inter-bank market, and in the global bond refinance market. When a government borrows at 7 years in the Eurobond market, it may not be able to float new bonds when the existing one falls due. The obvious and crucial remedy is to match the time horizon of the loan with a realistic horizon for long-term economic growth (especially considering that the returns on investments in human capital typically require 20 to 40 years to come to fruition). The EMDEs suffer mightily from inaccurate and unjust credit ratings that attribute extreme and largely self-fulfilling risks to investments in their countries. The simple fact is that the EMDEs are good credit prospects if the financing program is well designed (with long maturities and affordable yields); the national economy is well managed (fiscal rules and sound debt management systems); the investment program is well targeted to infrastructure, human capital, and business development; and LLR services are available. In such circumstances, the overriding truth is that today’s poorer countries have very high growth potential and high investment returns. Indeed, their potential economic growth and return on investment are far higher than in high-income countries. We therefore call on the IMF and the World Bank in their Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF), and to the credit rating agencies, to revamp their methodologies to take account of: the high potential growth of poorer countries if they can access the necessary financing for development; the maturity structure of loans (awarding higher credit ratings and debt-sustainability assessments to long-term loans); the quality of a country’s debt management systems; the presence of a domestic and/or international lender of last resort; and the uses of the external financing, recognizing the growth-creating benefits of high-return investments in human capital and physical infrastructure. Official financing should be accorded based on growth poten- tial, good governance, and financing needs – not on the foreign policy considerations of one or another major power. Financing needs should be calibrated on the basis of integrated assessments that consider eco- nomic, social, and environmental needs and objectives. One immediate change in the methodology used by credit rating agencies that is both urgent and will greatly enhance global growth and economic efficiency is to end the practice of “sovereign ceilings” on the credit ratings of private-sector entities in the EMDEs. According to this doctrine, no private-sector borrower can be accorded a credit rating higher than their country’s sovereign credit rating. This methodology makes no analytical sense and is a shorthand of the credit rating agencies. Many private-sector borrowers are plainly in a position to service their debts, whether or not their government is experiencing debt distress. A private-sector borrower may have sufficient collateral, liquidity, or a dedicated flow of revenue in the foreign currency to render it a low credit risk, independent of conditions facing its government. Historical data confirms the high credit performance of multilateral development banks (MDBs) and other development finance institutions in their private-sector operations. Central banks and monetary unions In addition to preferring long-term loan maturities, there are additional solutions for short-term maturities. First, to the maximum extent possible, countries should borrow in their national currencies, so that their own 1. Financing for Development
- 18. 6 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century central banks can provide Lender of Last Resort (LLR) assistance if the international financial market plunges into yet another financial panic. Even if the country’s borrowing is in a foreign currency, the central bank of that currency (i.e., the US Federal Reserve in the case of dollar-denominated borrowing) should provide cur- rency swaps to the central bank of the indebted country to break a self-fulfilling panic. In effect, the Federal Reserve would fulfill the vital function of (International) Lender of Last Resort (ILLR). A third approach, first proposed in 1944 by the econ- omist John Maynard Keynes, is for the IMF to be empowered to serve as the ILLR, utilizing a greatly expanded Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation as the IMF’s operating instrument. All these solutions may be bolstered in the intermediate term (in 10 to 20 years) by the emergence of new monetary unions in the major regional economic groups, including the African Union, Mercosur, ASEAN, the Arab League, the Eurasian Economic Union, and others, recognizing that monetary unions require considerable support through the eco- nomic, fiscal, and political integration of their members. Monetary unions (such as the euro) facilitate borrowing in a country’s own currency and would enable their central banks to serve as lenders of last resort. The governance of multilateral financial Institutions The IMF and many other multilateral financial institu- tions also need to reform their governance to give due weight to developing countries. To take one example, the IMF currently allocates only 17 percent of voting power to the 10 BRICS countries, even though these countries account for 27 percent of global output measured at market prices, 39 percent of global output measured at purchasing-power prices, and 46 percent of the world’s population. We also note with urgency the powerful case for greatly scaling up the flow of new lending by the multilateral development banks (MDBs), including the World Bank and regional development banks. MDB lending has an outstanding long-term track record, reflecting the finan- cial expertise of the MDBs and the Preferred Creditor Treatment (PCT) accorded to MDB financing. The problem is that the scale of overall MDB financing today is only a fraction of what is needed to achieve our global goals. MDB financing can and should be bolstered in several ways: higher leverage on the MDBs’ current capital bases; new capital increases, either across the board of member states or from willing members only in the case of opposition from one or another member state; and co-financing of non-sovereign loans by private-sector institutional investors such as ILX, which creatively draws in pension fund capital in partnership with MDB financing, benefitting from the MDBs’ status as international financial institutions. We note as well the importance of new private credit managers in mobilizing private-sector financing for EMDEs, either through standalone private financing or blended financing in cooperation with MDBs. We also note that large-scale infrastructure investment initiatives – such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative or Europe’s Global Gateway – can accelerate connectivity across people and nations. Borrowing countries too can create new national and multilateral institutions, including national development banks and sovereign wealth funds, to enable sophisticated borrowing strat- egies with improved bankability of projects and lower capital costs. Partnerships among MDBs but also with PDBs, for instance as part of the Financing in Common Initiative (FICs), can help accelerate the convergence towards shared standards and best practices, and to support banks’ commitments to shift their strategies towards achieving the SDGs. Financing global public goods In addition to massively scaling-up long-term loans at low interest rates to the EMDEs (both through direct funding from capital markets and through MDBs) there is a need to fund global public goods that are not suitable for loan or equity financing. These include providing social assistance to the poorest of the poor, funding UN institutions, and protecting the global commons (oceans, the atmosphere, tropical forests, space, endangered species, and critical biomes). PART 1 – FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT
- 19. Reforming the InternationalFinancial Architecture 7 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century The world has long called for official development assistance (ODA) for such purposes, yet ODA has never reached the global commitment of 0.7 percent of donor nations’ gross national income (GNI), an objective adopted by the UN General Assembly back in 1971. Today, however, ODA is collapsing, in a veritable free fall, undermined by political populism and shortsightedness in which donor governments fail to recognize their moral and legal responsibilities. ODA, after all, reflects a combination of distributive justice (ensuring that no one is left behind), reparative justice (repaying debts owed for past harms, whether from slavery, imperialism, the emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases, or other harms to Earth’s physical systems), and inter- generational justice (respecting the pressing needs of today’s young people and future generations). The high-income UN member states must not be allowed to falter in the pursuit of justice. Because traditional ODA is being cut or even phased out by some countries, eco- nomic justice should be achieved not through voluntary ODA but through compulsory assessments from UN member states, including the implementation of inter- national taxes on maritime shipping, global aviation and greenhouse gas emissions. Taxing the greenhouse gas emissions of high-income countries would combine the multiple dimensions of justice (distributive, reparative, and intergenerational) with practical resource mobili- zation to help poorer and more vulnerable countries undertake effective climate action. Such global taxation should aim, in the first instance, to bring in 0.1 percent of global GDP, or roughly US$100 billion per year, rising to perhaps 1 percent of global GDP by 2040. All coun- tries should cooperate to crack down on tax evasion and other financial crimes. To add another practical target to the global commitment to a sustainable planet, we urge sovereign wealth funds to allocate a meaningful portion of their vast resources directly to investments in environ- mental sustainability. Addressing multidimensional poverty In addressing poverty, the most important ethical principle is to co-create solutions: we should act with the poor, not merely for the poor. Or as the World Health Organization has powerfully stated, “Nothing for us without us”. Acting with the poor, small miracles can occur – moving from poverty to sustenance, from barren lands to flourishing food production. Smallholder farmers in rural areas constitute roughly three-quarters of those living in extreme income poverty and over 83 percent of multidimensionally poor people. They can best be sup- ported in their livelihoods and wellbeing by programs that raise farm outputs and incomes: those champi- oned by the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Programme, and related agencies. Corporations can also play a decisive role by designing their core business strategies to empower the poorest of the poor – as workers, consumers, and citizens. Impact finance amounts to around a trillion dollars annually in managed assets, reflecting a vast desire for social and environmental impact among consum- ers and investors that can be tapped for the common good. Greater transparency and disclosure by compa- nies would aid consumers in making the ethical choices they desire to pursue. Similarly, accurate data on multi- dimensional poverty and other development challenges will enable more people to respond more effectively to their ethical motivations. Effective governance Global financing is a vital instrument of empowerment, but it never stands alone. Economic convergence also depends on proper management by and within the borrowing countries. As economists say, convergence is “conditional” on effective governance in the borrowing countries. We therefore call for intensive skills training in lower-income countries to empower governments to plan effectively for their long-term development, manage fiscal policy and international indebtedness, fight corruption, and implement public investment plans and public services with diligence and excel- lence. We call for the formation of a Borrowers Club of Nations, to work alongside the Creditors Clubs, to foster appropriate domestic institutions, fiscal rules, and regulatory practices to achieve long-term sustainable development. We also call for precise and quantified metrics – on the costs of capital, the maturity of loans, returns on equity, performance on the SDGs, and 1. Financing for Development
- 20. 8 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century multi-dimensional poverty – so that commitments are tested rigorously against real actions. In addition, states must act in accordance with the 2030 Agenda (para- graph 30) and refrain from promulgating and applying unilateral economic, financial, or trade measures that could undermine the abilities of other countries to invest in and cooperate for sustainable development. The Action Agenda at FfD4 There are four action priorities for FfD4. First, UN member states must adequately finance the UN system itself. The overall cost of UN operations is a paltry sum – just US$46 billion in 2023 (the year of most recent data) compared with US$2.4 trillion spent worldwide on the military that year. The United States paid US$13 billion towards UN operations in 2023, compared with US$916 billion on military outlays. The UN budget must be met in full, and indeed increased. Efficiencies in UN operations are to be welcomed, but cutting UN budgets at a time of pervasive conflicts, human displacements, climate disasters, epidemic diseases, and other crises is unacceptable. Second, UN member states must increase their official financing of the Sustainable Development Goals in the lead-up to 2030, including providing debt relief as needed to create the fiscal space to achieve them. Since 2016, SDG financing from official sources has received remarkably short shrift. The high-income countries have delayed critical capital increases at the World Bank and other multilateral development banks, even though the SDG financing gap is large and well documented, as well as delaying critical increases in IMF quotas and SDR allocations. And creditor nations have failed to estab- lish fair and equitable standards of debt restructuring to prevent poor and vulnerable countries from being strangled by debt servicing, exacerbated by short and insufficient maturities of the debts. Third, UN member states must increase their financing of the global commons: the biodiversity of the world’s tropical rainforests; the marine life of the oceans; and the protection of the atmosphere, freshwater, soils, coastlines, wetlands, and other ecosystems from transboundary pollution and global-scale degradation. High-income countries bear the responsibility for filling the funds they have designated for these purposes, including the Adaptation Fund, the Loss and Damage Fund, the Green Climate Fund, and others. Fourth, UN member states must agree on critical reforms of the international financial markets to ensure that the world’s savings flow to countries with the highest investment returns and the highest growth prospects – which are the poorer countries. This is not the case today. The international financial markets are led by faulty regulations and policies to favor countries that use the major international currencies, notably the US dollar and the euro, as well as countries already favored by the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. The rest of the world, especially the poorer countries, is largely cut off from international capital by low credit ratings that punish poor countries as a matter of formula rather than economic logic, and by a maze of unilateral economic sanctions imposed by the key-currency countries. The IMF and the World Bank also fail to recognize the crucial positive role of long- term debt financing for development, instead favoring a debt sustainability system that discourages or even bars the long-term financing of infrastructure and human capital in poorer countries. We call for a bold outcome that has four parts. First, the core outcome document from FfD4 should express the consensus of UN member states, if not neces- sarily their unanimity. No single state or small group of states should block the collective will of the UN member states. The core outcome document should strongly reaffirm the global sustainability frameworks and agreements (Agenda 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the Montreal-Kunming Biodiversity Framework) and the overarching principles of sustainable development, distributive and reparative justice, common but differ- entiated responsibilities, and collective responsibility for the UN system, and commit to fixing the global financial architecture to ensure the financing needed for sustainable development. Second, there should be room for reservations by individual states, to enable them to express their con- cerns without blocking the actions of the consensus PART 1 – FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT
- 21. Message of Hopein Memory of Pope Francis 9 Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century of member states. No single state or small number of states should impede actions supported by the majority of UN members, representing a majority of the world’s population. Third, there should be room for high-ambition initiatives by “coalitions of the willing”. FfD4 should encourage and welcome bold actions by individual regions or groups of nations that in turn inspire other nations and regions to raise their ambitions as well. Even as some countries, businesses, and even philanthropies step back from Sustainable Development, others all over the world are stepping up their efforts. Leaders of positive and dynamic change must be encouraged, supported, and championed in the outcome at Seville. Fourth, there should be a clear list of specific action items that can be reported to the world in clear and unmistakable terms, along with timelines and mea- surements for accountability. The highest priorities include: (1) full funding of the UN system; (2) substan- tial increases in official funding by the World Bank, multilateral development banks, and the International Monetary Fund, backed as necessary by capital increases at these institutions, and debt relief as needed to increase vital fiscal space; (3) proper funding of the institutions established to protect the global commons, including the Global Environmental Facility, the Adaptation Fund, and the Loss and Damage Fund, with clear assessments by country and new revenues raised via international taxes (e.g. on international shipping, aviation, and greenhouse emissions) and other agreed means; (4) clear steps to reform the regulation of private capital markets, including revamp- ing the credit rating system and the IMF-World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework to increase capital flows to high-return investments in low-income countries, with a commitment to report back to the UN General Assembly on these measures in 2026. Message of Hope in Memory of Pope Francis Our message is one of hope. Though we are beset by the polycrisis of conflict, environment, polarization, and deprivation, we are also empowered with breathtaking new technologies and global goals that inspire and impel humanity to build the future we want. We give our gratitude to the late Pope Francis for declaring 2025 to be a Jubilee Year and a year of great hope. The fourth Financing for Development conference can restore the world’s hope, by mobilizing nations committed to global peace, wellbeing, and sustainable development. Even if there is no unanimity, we urge a strong declaration with the backing of most of the UN member states so that we will move onward from Seville not only with words but with a decisive mobilization of financial resources for sustainable development. And as always, the 2000+ universities in the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network pledge their best efforts to support governments, business, and civil society to build the future we need and want. 1. Financing for Development
- 22. The SDG Index andDashboards Part 2
- 23. 11 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century The SDG Index builds on a peer-reviewed, statistically audited, and transparent methodology (Schmidt- Traub et al. 2017; Lafortune et al. 2018; Papadimitriou, Neves, and Becker 2019). An online public consultation was held from April 4–11, 2025, with comments and suggestions collected from more than 50 organizations – including several National Statistical Offices (NSOs) – and 40 UN member states. The full database and methodological papers, as well as regional and local editions of the SDG Index and Dashboards, are avail- able on the SDG Transformation Center website. Status of SDG progress globally Based on the rate of progress since they were adopted by the international community in 2015, none of the 17 SDGs will be achieved by 2030 (Figure 2.1). At the global level, SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) are particularly off track, facing major challenges (indicated in red on the dashboards) and showing no or very limited progress since 2015. The SDG Index and Dashboards Part 2 The SDG Index and Dashboards provides an annual assessment of SDG progress covering all 193 UN member states. This year’s SDG Index incorporates 126 indicators, including 102 global indicators and 24 additional indicators for the OECD countries’ dashboards. To align with the 2025 comprehensive review of SDG indicators, an indicator on “Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6 months to 23 months” has been incorporated into the dataset under SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). Other adjustments and modifications are described in the methods section. Although every UN member state has a country profile, only those with less than 20 percent missing data receive an SDG Index score and rank. This is to ensure the comparability of the results and to minimize missing data bias. This year, 167 countries are ranked in the SDG Index. This year’s edition also introduces a “headline” SDG Index (SDGi), which focuses on 17 SDG indicators to evaluate progress made by countries and regions on the SDGs, while minimizing statistical biases due to missing time series data. Figure 2.1 World SDG Dashboard 2025 D D S D S D S D S • D D D D D D D Source: Authors p Decreasing 5 Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved • Data not available
- 24. 12 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Rank Country Score 1 Finland 87.0 2 Sweden 85.7 3 Denmark 85.3 4 Germany 83.7 5 France 83.1 6 Austria 83.0 7 Norway 82.7 8 Croatia 82.4 9 Poland 82.1 10 Czechia 81.9 11 United Kingdom 81.9 12 Slovenia 81.2 13 Latvia 81.2 14 Spain 81.0 15 Iceland 80.8 16 Slovak Republic 80.8 17 Estonia 80.8 18 Belgium 80.7 19 Japan 80.7 20 Portugal 80.6 21 Hungary 80.4 22 Italy 80.3 23 Netherlands 80.0 24 Malta 79.3 25 Canada 79.2 26 Switzerland 79.2 27 Greece 79.1 28 New Zealand 79.0 29 Lithuania 78.8 30 Moldova 78.8 31 Ireland 78.6 32 Belarus 78.5 33 Serbia 78.2 34 Korea, Republic 78.1 35 Chile 78.1 36 Australia 77.9 37 Romania 77.7 38 Uruguay 77.4 39 Luxembourg 76.7 40 Cuba 76.5 41 Bulgaria 76.3 42 Ukraine 75.7 43 Thailand 75.3 44 United States 75.2 Rank Country Score 45 Albania 75.2 46 Argentina 74.8 47 Kyrgyz Republic 74.5 48 Israel 74.5 49 China 74.4 50 Armenia 74.3 51 Russian Federation 74.1 52 Dominican Republic 74.1 53 Maldives 74.0 54 Brazil 73.8 55 Montenegro 73.8 56 Cyprus 73.8 57 Bosnia and Herzegovina 73.8 58 North Macedonia 73.7 59 Georgia 73.7 60 Costa Rica 73.4 61 Vietnam 73.4 62 Uzbekistan 73.1 63 Fiji 72.9 64 Azerbaijan 72.9 65 Peru 72.7 66 Tunisia 72.0 67 Suriname 71.8 68 Morocco 71.7 69 Singapore 71.5 70 Kazakhstan 71.5 71 Jordan 71.0 72 Mexico 70.8 73 Türkiye 70.6 74 Bhutan 70.5 75 Colombia 70.5 76 Mauritius 70.3 77 Indonesia 70.2 78 Ecuador 70.1 79 Algeria 70.1 80 United Arab Emirates 69.8 81 Jamaica 69.8 82 Barbados 69.6 83 Iran, Islamic Republic 69.6 84 Malaysia 69.5 85 Nepal 68.6 86 El Salvador 68.4 87 Philippines 68.3 88 Tajikistan 68.3 Figure 2.2 The 2025 SDG Index Ranks and Scores
- 25. 13 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards Rank Country Score 89 Panama 68.2 90 Paraguay 68.1 91 Egypt, Arab Republic 68.1 92 Brunei Darussalam 68.0 93 Sri Lanka 67.9 94 Bolivia 67.8 95 Cabo Verde 67.3 96 Turkmenistan 67.3 97 Oman 67.1 98 Belize 67.0 99 India 67.0 100 Mongolia 66.7 101 Cambodia 66.4 102 Guyana 66.3 103 Gabon 65.6 104 Namibia 65.5 105 Saudi Arabia 65.2 106 The Bahamas 65.2 107 Qatar 65.1 108 Nicaragua 64.8 109 Botswana 64.5 110 Bahrain 64.4 111 South Africa 64.1 112 São Tomé and Príncipe 63.9 113 Iraq 63.9 114 Bangladesh 63.9 115 Venezuela, RB 63.8 116 Myanmar 63.6 117 Senegal 63.5 118 Kuwait 63.3 119 Côte d'Ivoire 63.2 120 Ghana 63.1 121 Lao PDR 62.6 122 Rwanda 62.3 123 Kenya 61.9 124 Lebanon 61.7 125 Honduras 61.7 126 Trinidad and Tobago 60.6 127 Guatemala 59.9 128 Sierra Leone 59.4 Rank Country Score 129 Togo 59.2 130 The Gambia 58.4 131 Syrian Arab Republic 58.4 132 Mauritania 57.9 133 Cameroon 57.8 134 Benin 57.8 135 Tanzania 57.7 136 Eswatini 57.5 137 Zimbabwe 57.4 138 Guinea 57.2 139 Malawi 57.1 140 Pakistan 57.0 141 Mali 56.3 142 Uganda 55.8 143 Lesotho 55.6 144 Burundi 55.5 145 Ethiopia 55.4 146 Zambia 54.8 147 Nigeria 54.7 148 Comoros 54.7 149 Djibouti 54.3 150 Burkina Faso 53.8 151 Mozambique 53.7 152 Papua New Guinea 53.4 153 Guinea-Bissau 53.1 154 Congo, Republic 52.8 155 Angola 52.8 156 Haiti 52.5 157 Liberia 52.5 158 Madagascar 51.0 159 Niger 50.3 160 Afghanistan 49.1 161 Sudan 49.1 162 Congo, Dem. Rep. 48.2 163 Yemen, Republic 47.7 164 Somalia 46.1 165 Chad 46.0 166 Central African Republic 45.2 167 South Sudan 41.6 Note: Due to annual adjustments to the SDG Index dataset and revisions made by statistical custodian agencies to past data series, scores and ranks are not fully comparable across different editions of the SDR. Source: Authors Figure 2.2 (continued)
- 26. 14 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Progress on SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) is also very limited, due in part to global failures to address persisting gaps in access to financing for developing countries and to stark disparities in countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism (see Part 3). Detailed dash- boards by world region, country grouping, and country are provided in the Annexes and country profiles. Less than 20 percent of the SDG targets are on track to be achieved globally (16.7 percent). The five targets most on track are: Mobile use (SDG 9), Access to electricity (SDG 7), Internet use (SDG 9), Under 5 mortality rate (SDG 3) and Neonatal mortality (SDG 3). By contrast, most countries are either stagnating or backsliding on the following five targets: Obesity rate (SDG 2), Press Freedom Index (SDG 16), Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SDG 2), Red List Index (SDG 15) and Corruption Perception Index (SDG 16). The spread In SDG performance across countries remains wide, with 2025 SDG Index scores ranging from over 80 in top-performing countries to below 50 in countries where SDG implementation is especially challenging, often due to various forms of conflict. As in previous editions, European countries, particularly the Nordic countries, top the 2025 SDG Index. Finland ranks first, followed by Sweden and Denmark. Finland also holds the top spot on the World Happiness Report rankings (Helliwell et al. 2025). However, even these countries face substantial challenges in achieving several SDGs, notably SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), partly driven by unsustainable consumption patterns and negative international spillover effects. Countries at the lower end of the Index tend to be affected by conflict, security issues, political or socioeconomic instability, and limited fiscal space. In the 2025 edition, Yemen, Somalia, Chad, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan rank at the bottom of the SDG Index. SDG progress by region and country The “headline” SDG Index (SDGi) measures overall country progress using 17 key indicators, one per SDG. This limited number of indicators aims to minimize statistical biases related to missing time series data across countries. Selection of these 17 indicators was based on three main criteria: (1) relevance, with most being official SDG indicators or close proxies pro- duced by UN custodian agencies); (2) statistical criteria, namely the ability of the individual SDGi indicators and of the headline aggregate to closely replicate the goal and SDG Index results through correlation analysis; and (3) data coverage across countries and over time. The cross-sectional correlation between the SDGi (17 indicators) and the SDG Index (102 indicators) is very high (even collinear), while the SDGi growth rate between 2015–2024 is also correlated with the growth rate of the full SDG Index over the same period. However, the SDGi growth rate is only moder- ately correlated with the growth rate of GDP over the same period. The 17 headline SDG indicators are listed below. Results were compiled for 143 countries, with those missing data for more than two SDGi indicators (12 percent) excluded for comparability purposes. Among those excluded, some face major challenges in implementing the SDGs or show major reversals in progress – including countries that are structurally vulnerable or affected by conflict. A detailed statistical annex is accessible online. Countries that started with higher SDG baselines in 2015 have generally progressed more slowly than those with lower baselines, although results vary across regions and country groupings. The OECD countries and HICs began with the highest SDG baselines, primarily driven by better performance on socioeconomic goals, however these countries have generally shown limited progress on the SDGi since 2015. By contrast, countries in East and South Asia, the BRICS+ nations, and LMICs, which all started with lower baselines in 2015, have progressed more rapidly. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, despite initial baselines comparable to those of the BRICS and countries in East and South Asia, have pro- gressed much more slowly on the SDGs. And although
- 27. 15 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards SDG progress by region and country No. SDG Indicator Official SDG Target Time Coverage Source 1 SDG 1 (No Poverty) Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.1 2015–2025 World Data Lab 2 SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.1 2015–2022 FAO 3 SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) Life expectancy at birth (years) Comprehensive measure of health outcomes 2015–2023 UNDESA 4 SDG 4 (Quality Education) Lower secondary completion rate (%) 4.1 2015–2023 UNESCO 5 SDG 5 (Gender Equality) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5.5 2015–2025 IPU 6 SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 6.2 2015–2022 JMP 7 SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) Population with access to electricity (%) 7.1 2015–2022 IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO 8 SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 8.10 2014–2021 Global Findex Database 9 SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) Population using the internet (%) 9.c 2015–2023 ITU 10 SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) Gini coefficient 10.4 2015–2022 World Bank 11 SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 11.6.2 2015–2023 Washington University in St Louis 12 SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 12.2 2015–2024 UNEP 13 SDG 13 (Climate Action) CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO₂ /capita) 13.2 2015–2023 Global Carbon Project 14 SDG 14 (Life Below Water) Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.5 2015–2023 Birdlife International et al. 15 SDG 15 (Life on Land) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 15.5 2015–2023 IUCN and Birdlife International 16 SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 16.5 2015–2024 Transparency International 17 SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 17.18 2016–2023 World Bank Source: Authors Table 2.1 The 17 headline indicators used to measure overall country progress on the SDGs, 2015–2024 (orclosest available year)
- 28. 16 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS East and South Asia HICs UMICs Sub-Saharan Africa OECD LICs LMICs LAC BRICS+ SIDS MENA Eastern Europe and Central Asia 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Progress SDGi (headline) Baseline (SDG Index Score in 2015) Figure 2.3 SDG Index Baselineversus progress, byvarious country classifications, 2015-2024 Source: Authors Rank (global progress) Country Progress (p.p.) Rank (global progress) Country Progress (p.p.) 1 Benin (134) +14.5 139 Algeria (79) +1.2 2 Togo (129) +13.3 140 Afghanistan (160) 0.8 3 Côte d'Ivoire (119) +13.0 141 Venezuela, RB (115) -0.1 4 Eswatini (136) +12.8 142 Syrian Arab Republic (131) -1.2 5 Uzbekistan (62) +12.1 143 Yemen, Rep. (163) -1.8 Figure 2.4.a Countries with the most and the least progress on the SDGi, 2015–2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank)
- 29. 17 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards SDG progress by region and country Rank (by region) East and South Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 1 Nepal +11.1 (85) Uzbekistan +12.1 (62) Peru +8.7 (65) United Arab Emirates +9.9 (80) Benin +14.5 (134) 2 Cambodia +10 (101) Armenia +10.4 (50) Uruguay +7.9 (38) Iraq +9.2 (113) Togo +13.3 (129) 3 Philippines +8.6 (87) Moldova +9.3 (30) Dominican Republic +6.1 (52) Saudi Arabia +8.1 (105) Côte d'Ivoire +13 (119) 4 Bangladesh +8.3 (114) Montenegro +9 (55) Jamaica +5.8 (81) Morocco +7.3 (68) Eswatini +12.8 (136) 5 Mongolia +7.7 (100) Georgia +7.3 (59) Argentina +5.4 (46) Jordan +6.7 (71) Senegal +11.7 (117) Regional Average Progress +6.5 +5.1 +4.3 +4 +5.4 Figure 2.4.b Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by world regions, 2015-2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank) Rank (by income group) LICs LMICs UMICs HICs OECD G20* 1 Togo +13.3 (129) Benin +14.5 (134) Armenia +10.4 (50) United Arab Emirates +9.9 (80) Costa Rica +7 (60) Saudi Arabia +8.1 (105) 2 Sierra Leone +9.4 (128) Côte d'Ivoire +13 (119) Moldova +9.3 (30) Saudi Arabia +8.1 (105) Mexico +6.3 (72) India +7.6 (99) 3 Niger +9.1 (159) Eswatini +12.8 (136) Iraq +9.2 (113) Uruguay +7.9 (38) Chile +5.9 (35) Indonesia +7.6 (77) 4 Mali +8.8 (141) Uzbekistan +12.1 (62) Montenegro +9 (55) Kuwait +6.1 (118) Estonia +5.5 (17) Mexico +6.3 (72) 5 Rwanda +8.7 (122) Senegal +11.7 (117) Peru +8.7 (65) Chile +5.9 (35) Colombia +5.5 (75) China +6.0 (49) Average Progress in Income Group +5.2 +6.4 +5.6 +3.5 +3.4 +5.6 Figure 2.4.c Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by income groups, OECD G20, 2015–2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank) Note: Detailed data accessible online and in individual country profiles. Some countries facing conflict that might have experienced a sharp decline in SDG performance may not be included in the SDGi due to outdated and/or missing data. Due to missing data many Small Island Developing States (SIDS) could not be included. Total number of observations (N)=143. *G20 average: Includes the 19 individual countries but excludes averages for the EU and AU. Source: Authors
- 30. 18 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS National and Figure 2.5 Adecade ofSDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions Source: Authors. Accessible online here: https://sdgtransformationcenter.org/sdgindex Box 1. A decade of SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions The global edition of the SDG Index and Dashboards highlights SDG trends and challenges across all countries. More detailed regional, national, and subnational SDG Indices and analyses have also been prepared by the SDSN and its local networks. These editions contextualize the indicator sets and policy discussions to mobilize stakeholders at various levels. For instance, the Europe edition (released annually since 2019) is prepared in cooperation with the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) – including representatives from trade unions, business associations and NGOs – and its findings are presented and discussed with European leadership and institutions (Lafortune et al. 2024; Lafortune and Fuller 2025). The SDSN has also worked with numerous regional and local partners in the Arab region, in SIDS countries, and in countries including Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Italy, Paraguay, Spain, the United States, and Uruguay to advance SDG monitoring and connect statistical analyses with long-term budgeting and policy frameworks. The resulting editions benefit from local expertise, often provided by SDSN networks hosted in universities and research centers, and from large-scale consultations and discussions both before and after assessments are performed. Increasingly, they also leverage GIS-technologies to provide more granular analyses. These have been referenced multiple times in Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs). In Europe, the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) listed the SDG Index and Dashboards as one of the most useful for policymaking (EPRS 2021).
- 31. 19 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards SDG progress by region and country countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and low-income coun- tries (LICs) started off with the lowest 2015 baselines, other regions with higher baselines have progressed faster. Factors such as various forms of conflicts, structural vulnerabilities, weak institutional leadership, and limited fiscal space may explain disparities in SDG progress since 2015. At the same time, the regional and income-group aggregates hide significant disparities in SDG progress across countries. Globally, Benin, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eswatini, and Uzbekistan have progressed the fastest on the SDGi since 2015. By contrast, Afghanistan, Algeria, the Syrian Arab Republic, Venezuela, and Yemen have stagnated or experienced reversals in progress (Figure 2.4.a). Compared with their regional peers, Benin, Nepal, Peru, the United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan have showed the fastest progres- sion (Figure 2.4.b.). Costa Rica has progressed the fastest among OECD countries, whereas Saudi Arabia has progressed the fastest of the G20 countries (Figure 2.4.c). Box 2. The SDG Index and Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation (EO) technolo- gies are crucial for SDG monitoring and spatial analysis (United Nations, 2021). A recent paper published by the Inter- Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG- SDGs), with contributions from the SDSN’s SDG Transformation Center, contains an updated shortlist of SDG indicators that directly or indirectly require geospatial data or tools — approximately 20 percent of all SDG indicators (United Nations 2025). The need to disaggregate SDG indicator data by geographic location is also recognized by the United Nations, as this speaks to the “leave no one behind” principle of the 2030 Agenda, while data insights at a sub-national level help policy- makers tailor their interventions to specific contexts. Preliminary research using high-resolution satellite imagery estimates that around 40 percent of the world’s population might be assigned to a diffe- rent SDG Index quintile than that of their aggregated national SDG Index estimate, which suggests significant and persistent territorial disparities in SDG performance within countries (Iablonovski 2024). At the SDSN, the SDG Transformation Center and SDGs Today programs leverage GIS technologies to provide granular and timely assessments of SDG challenges and progress. Over the past three editions, of the global SDR, as well as through bilateral collaborative initiatives, the SDG Transformation Center has introduced new, innovative geospatial indicators for the SDGs, building notably on a long- term partnership with the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and other partners. These geospatial indicators address critical data gaps and provide annual insights into the state of a set of SDG indicators at both national and local levels, utilizing open global datasets and cloud computing methods. • SDG indicator 9.1.1, the Rural Access Index (RAI) considers the proportion of the rural population living within two kilometers of an all-season road. The SDR presents, to date, the only publicly available application of the World Bank’s latest methodology at a global scale (Iablonovski et al. 2024; Workman and McPherson 2019). The particular challenge of this indicator’s calculation lies in assessing whether a road provides all-season access, approximated through data on precip- itation, slope, and spatialized GDP per capita. The method used in the SDR was leveraged by the World Bank (the custodian agency for this indicator) for its Score Card platform (World Bank Group 2025). • SDG indicator 11.2.1, Urban Access to Public Transportation measures pedestrian accessibility, or the extent to which the built environment facilitates walking access to destinations of interest. Through network analysis, data on pedestrian infrastructure, geographically allocated places of interest, and population distribution are used to calculate the time a person would take to walk to the closest amenity. The expanded methodology covers additional key services (healthcare services, education facilities, food choices, and open public spaces) to fully assess urban pedestrian accessibility. These and other indicators, such as SDG 11.3.1 (Land Use Efficiency) and yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land-use change, by main driver (2014–2023), are published on the SDG Transformation Center website and available to download. Leveraging GIS and EO technologies to inform long-term investment and poli cy pathways for the SDGs at all levels will remain a key focus of research at the SDSN and SDG Transformation Center in the coming years. Source: Authors, based on https:// sdgtransformationcenter.org/geospatial
- 32. 20 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS High-income Countries Low-income Countries Lower-middle-income Countries Upper-middle-income Countries SDG Index 2025 International Spillover Index 2025 From 0 (worst) to 100 (best) From 0 (worst) to 100 (best) Income groups SDG Index 2025 International Spillover Index 2025 Regions Eastern Europe and Central Asia BRICS+ members Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa OECD members Middle East and North Africa Note: More details on the indicators used to compile the International Spillover Index are accessible in the methods’ summary. Averages are population-weighted. Source: Authors Figure 2.6 SDG Index scores versus International Spillover Index scores, 2025 In most cases, rapid progress has primarily been driven by improvements on socioeconomic SDG indicators – especially the share of women parliamentarians (SDG 5) and rates of electrification (SDG 7), of adults with a bank account in a financial institution (SDG 8), and internet use (SDG 9) – and by progress on statistical perfor- mance (SDG 17), and less by significant breakthroughs on environmental goals. To dive deeper into the drivers of SDG progress and to better understand persisting disparities within regions and countries, the SDSN has published multiple conti- nental and subnational editions of the SDG Index that look at specific policy and financing priorities across regions and at multiple territorial levels (Box 1). This work increasingly builds on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation (EO) technologies that support the development of timely and granular investment, policy, and monitoring frameworks for the SDGs at all levels (Box 2). Internationalspilloversandexposure tosupply-chaindisruptions The SDGs are a global responsibility. As such, their domestic implementation should not compromise the ability of other countries to achieve them (Schmidt- Traub, Hoff, and Bernlöhr 2019; Lafortune et al. 2021; Gómez-Paredes, Malik, and Lafortune 2025). Via unsustainable consumption, the export of toxic waste, illicit trade, unfair tax competition, tax havens and, more generally, poor implementation of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals – including support for UN-based multilateralism), countries can, however, gen- erate negative international spillovers. These spillovers are incorporated in the SDG Index and also compiled separately as part of the “International Spillover Index”. Positive spillovers (or “handprints”) are also consid- ered, such as the provision of Official Development Assistance (ODA). This year’s edition includes 16 spill- over indicators.
- 33. 21 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards Annex SDG Dashboard by Regions Annex SDG Dashboard by Regions Figure 2.7 2025 SDG dashboards by region and income group (levels and trends) AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Note: Excluding OECD specific indicators. Population-weighted averages. Source: Authors BRICS • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • A • S • D • D • D • D • D • D • D BRICS+ • A • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • A • S • D • D • D • D • D • D • D East and South Asia • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • A • • • D • D • D • D • D • D • D Eastern Europe and Central Asia • D • D • S • S • D • D • D • D • S • S • D • D • D • • • D • D • S Latin America and the Caribbean • G • D • D • D • S • S • A • D • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • D Middle East and North Africa • G • G • S • S • D • S • D • S • S • • • D • S • D • D • D • G • D Oceania • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • • • G • • • D • D • D • • • D OECD members • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • S Small Island Developing States • D • D • D • D • S • S • D • • • D • S • D • • • D • D • S • D • D Sub-Saharan Africa • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • A • A • S • D • G • D Low-income countries • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • A • S • G • D • G • D Lower-middle-income countries • S • D • D • D • D • D • S • S • S • • • D • D • D • S • D • D • D Upper-middle-income countries • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • A • • • D • D • D • D • D • D • D High-income countries • A • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • S World average • D • D • S • D • S • D • S • D • S • • • D • D • D • D • D • D • D L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain Overall, rich countries outperform other country group- ings on overall SDG performance and life satisfaction, but they have also outsourced numerous negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts abroad (Figure 2.6). Additional details on our conceptual frame- work, as well as policy and data work on international spillovers, have been presented in previous editions and are available on the SDG Transformation Center website (Malik et al. 2021; 2023; 2024; Ishii et al. 2024; Fuller and Bermont-Diaz 2024). In addition to monitoring the potential impact policies may have on other countries, a growing body of research focuses on countries’ exposure to and vulnerability to disruptions in international supply chains. These disruptions can result from accelerated climate change and natural disasters, geopolitical events, unilateral policies, or other events (Koks et al. 2016; Koks and Thissen 2016; Koks et al. 2019; Fahr, Vismara, and Senner 2024). This is becoming an important area of work at the SDSN to promote resilience and concerted action for a sustainable international trade system.
- 34. 22 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Figure 2.8 2025 SDG dashboards forOECD countries (levels and trends) Source: Authors L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain Australia • G • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • S • D • S • D • D • D Austria • D • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • A • G • S • D • D • • • D • D • S Belgium • A • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • A • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Canada • A • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • A • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • S Chile • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • D • D • D • D • D • G • S Colombia • G • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • • • G • D • S • G • D • D • S Costa Rica • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • D • D • S • D • D • G • D • D • A Czechia • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • A • D • S • • • S • D • S Denmark • A • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • S Estonia • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • A • D • S • S • S • S • S Finland • S • D • S • D • S • S • A • D • A • D • S • D • D • D • D • S • D France • D • D • S • D • A • S • S • S • S • A • S • D • S • S • S • D • S Germany • G • D • S • D • D • S • S • S • S • G • A • D • S • S • D • S • S Greece • A • D • S • D • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • G • S • S • S • D • S Hungary • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • D • D • • • S • D • D Iceland • A • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • S • • • A • D • D • S • D • D • A Ireland • A • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • G • D • S • D • D • S Israel • S • D • S • D • D • D • S • S • A • S • S • D • D • D • D • D • S Italy • A • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • D Japan • A • G • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • • • S • S • D • D • D • D • S Korea, Rep. • S • D • A • S • S • S • S • D • A • S • D • D • D • D • D • S • S Latvia • S • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • S • D • A • D • D • S • S • S • S Lithuania • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • G • D • S • S • D Luxembourg • A • D • S • S • S • D • A • S • S • D • S • D • S • • • S • D • S Mexico • A • D • D • D • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • D • G • D • D • G • D Netherlands • A • D • S • D • A • D • S • S • S • D • A • D • S • D • D • D • D New Zealand • • • D • S • D • A • S • S • D • S • G • S • D • S • G • D • D • S Norway • D • D • S • D • S • D • A • S • S • A • S • D • S • D • D • S • D Poland • A • D • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • S Portugal • A • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • S • D • S • D • S • G • D • D • S Slovak Republic • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • D • D • • • S • D • S Slovenia • A • D • S • D • D • S • S • S • S • S • A • D • D • D • D • S • S Spain • S • S • S • S • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • S • D • D • D Sweden • D • D • S • S • A • S • A • D • S • D • S • D • D • S • S • D • S Switzerland • G • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • S • G • S • D • S • • • S • D • D Türkiye • A • D • S • A • D • S • S • S • A • D • S • D • G • S • D • D • D United Kingdom • G • D • S • D • A • D • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • D United States • S • S • S • G • S • D • S • D • A • G • S • D • D • D • D • D • S
- 35. 23 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards Annex SDG Dashboard by Regions Figure 2.9 2025 SDG dashboards forEast and SouthAsia (levels and trends) AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Source: Authors Bangladesh • S • S • S • S • D • S • S • D • D • D • G • D • D • D • D • G • D Bhutan • A • D • S • G • S • S • S • D • S • • • S • S • D • • • D • D • D Brunei Darussalam • • • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • • • A • D • G • D • D • G • D Cambodia • • • D • D • S • D • S • A • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • D • D China • A • D • S • • • D • S • S • S • A • S • S • D • G • D • D • S • D India • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • D • A • D • D • G • S • D • D • D Indonesia • A • D • S • A • D • S • S • S • S • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D Korea, Dem. Rep. • • • G • S • • • S • D • D • A • D • • • D • A • D • D • D • • • • Lao PDR • S • D • D • D • D • S • S • S • S • • • G • D • G • • • D • • • D Malaysia • A • D • S • D • D • S • D • D • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Maldives • A • S • S • S • D • A • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • S • D • • • S Mongolia • A • D • S • S • D • S • D • D • S • S • D • D • G • • • D • D • S Myanmar • • • D • D • • • D • S • S • S • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • G • S Nepal • A • S • S • S • D • S • S • D • S • • • D • D • D • • • D • D • S Pakistan • S • D • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • • • G • D • D • S • D • G • D Philippines • S • S • D • S • S • D • D • S • S • S • D • D • G • S • S • D • S Singapore • • • G • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • • • A • S • G • G • D • D • D Sri Lanka • G • S • S • D • D • S • S • D • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • G • D Thailand • A • D • S • A • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Timor-Leste • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • • • G • • • D • • • A • D • D • S • S Vietnam • A • S • S • D • D • S • S • S • S • G • D • D • D • D • D • D • S L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain
- 36. 24 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Figure 2.10 2025 SDG dashboards forEastern Europe and CentralAsia (levels and trends) Source: Authors *The data for Ukraine, and other countries impacted by military conflicts, may be outdated. L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Afghanistan • G • D • D • S • D • S • D • G • D • • • G • S • A • • • A • G • S Albania • A • D • S • D • S • S • A • D • S • A • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Armenia • S • D • S • S • S • S • D • S • S • A • D • D • G • • • D • S • D Azerbaijan • A • D • S • S • D • S • D • S • S • • • S • D • D • • • D • G • S Belarus • A • D • S • G • D • S • S • D • S • A • A • D • D • • • A • G • S Bosnia and Herzegovina • A • S • S • S • D • D • S • S • S • • • S • D • D • D • D • D • S Bulgaria • A • S • S • D • D • D • S • S • S • G • S • D • D • D • S • D • S Croatia • A • S • S • S • S • S • A • S • S • A • A • G • G • D • D • D • D Cyprus • D • D • S • A • D • D • S • S • S • A • D • D • G • D • S • D • D Georgia • S • D • S • D • S • D • S • D • D • S • S • D • D • G • D • D • D Kazakhstan • A • D • S • D • D • D • D • S • D • G • S • D • S • • • D • S • S Kyrgyz Republic • A • D • S • A • D • D • S • D • D • A • S • D • D • • • D • D • D Malta • D • D • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • G • S • S • D • D • A • D • S Moldova • A • D • S • S • S • D • D • S • D • A • A • D • D • • • S • S • A Montenegro • A • D • S • S • D • A • S • D • S • A • D • • • D • S • D • S • A North Macedonia • D • D • S • D • D • D • S • S • S • • • S • D • D • • • S • D • S Romania • A • S • S • G • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • G • D • D • D • D • S Russian Federation • A • D • S • G • S • S • D • S • S • S • A • D • G • D • D • D • • Serbia • A • D • S • G • S • S • A • S • S • A • S • D • G • • • D • D • S Tajikistan • S • S • S • • • S • S • S • D • S • • • D • D • S • • • D • • • D Turkmenistan • • • G • D • • • D • S • D • D • D • • • G • D • D • • • D • G • D Ukraine* • • • D • S • D • S • S • D • D • S • A • D • D • D • G • D • S • S Uzbekistan • A • D • S • A • S • S • D • D • S • • • G • D • G • • • D • D • S
- 37. 25 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards Annex SDG Dashboard by Regions Figure 2.11 2025 SDG dashboards forLatinAmerica and the Caribbean (levels and trends) Antigua and Barbuda • • • D • S • D • D • A • S • • • A • • • S • • • D • D • D • S • S Argentina • D • D • S • S • A • A • D • S • D • D • D • S • S • D • D • D • D The Bahamas • • • D • D • G • S • S • D • D • S • • • A • S • G • S • D • D • S Barbados • • • D • S • G • S • S • S • • • S • • • A • • • D • S • D • D • G Belize • D • S • S • G • S • S • D • G • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • S Bolivia • S • G • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • G • S • S • • • D • G • A Brazil • D • G • D • S • S • S • A • S • S • G • S • S • S • D • D • D • D Cuba • • • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • A • A • S • S • • • A Dominica • • • D • D • D • S • A • D • • • D • • • • • • • S • S • D • D • • Dominican Republic • A • S • S • D • A • D • D • D • S • A • D • D • D • D • D • D • D Ecuador • D • D • S • G • A • A • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • D • G • D El Salvador • D • D • S • D • D • S • S • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • S • D • S Grenada • • • D • D • D • D • A • D • • • A • • • • • • • D • D • D • G • D Guatemala • D • S • S • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • G • D • G • D • D • D • D Guyana • • • S • S • A • S • A • D • S • S • • • S • • • D • S • S • D • S Haiti • G • D • D • • • D • S • D • G • D • • • D • S • D • D • S • G • D Honduras • D • G • S • G • D • S • S • D • S • • • D • D • D • D • S • D • D Jamaica • G • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • S • • • D • G • D • D • D • D • A Nicaragua • D • D • S • • • S • D • D • D • S • • • D • D • A • D • D • G • S Panama • S • D • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • D • S • D • G • S • D • D • A Paraguay • S • D • S • D • S • A • D • G • S • D • S • D • D • • • D • D • S Peru • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • D • D • S St. Kitts and Nevis • • • G • S • G • S • D • S • • • S • • • A • • • D • D • D • D • S St. Lucia • A • D • S • D • D • S • D • • • S • • • A • • • D • D • D • D • S St. Vincent and the Grenadines • • • D • S • D • S • A • D • • • S • • • A • • • D • S • G • D • S Suriname • D • D • S • G • S • S • S • • • S • • • D • • • D • D • D • D • D Trinidad and Tobago • • • D • D • • • D • S • S • D • S • • • S • • • S • D • D • D • D Uruguay • A • D • S • D • S • A • S • S • S • G • S • S • D • G • D • S • A Venezuela, RB • G • D • D • S • S • S • S • S • D • • • D • S • A • S • S • D • G AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Source: Authors L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain
- 38. 26 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Figure 2.12 2025 SDG dashboards forthe Middle East and NorthAfrica (levels and trends) Figure 2.13 2025 SDG dashboards forOceania (levels and trends) Source: Authors AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Algeria • A • S • D • S • G • D • S • D • S • • • D • A • S • D • D • D • D Bahrain • • • G • D • G • D • S • S • D • S • • • S • S • D • G • D • D • D Egypt, Arab Rep. • S • D • S • S • S • D • S • S • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • S Iran, Islamic Rep. • S • D • S • A • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • G • S • D • D • D Iraq • D • D • S • • • D • S • S • D • S • • • D • S • S • D • G • D • S Jordan • D • D • S • A • D • D • S • S • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • S Kuwait • • • D • S • S • D • S • S • S • S • • • S • S • D • D • S • G • A Lebanon • • • G • D • S • D • D • D • G • A • • • D • G • D • D • D • D • D Libya • • • G • D • • • D • S • G • D • S • • • G • S • S • D • S • • • D Morocco • S • G • S • S • D • D • S • G • S • • • D • D • D • D • D • D • S Oman • • • D • S • D • D • S • S • A • S • • • S • D • D • D • D • • • D Qatar • D • D • S • D • S • S • S • S • S • • • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Saudi Arabia • • • S • S • S • D • D • S • A • S • • • D • S • D • D • D • D • S Syrian Arab Republic • G • D • S • A • D • S • D • S • D • • • G • A • A • G • S • G • D Tunisia • S • D • S • S • D • S • S • D • S • G • D • S • S • D • D • D • A United Arab Emirates • D • D • S • A • S • S • S • D • A • • • S • D • D • D • D • D • D Yemen, Rep. • G • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • A • A • G • D • G • G Fiji • D • D • D • A • D • D • D • • • S • • • S • • • A • D • D • S • D Kiribati • • • G • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • • • S • • • D • D • • • • • S Marshall Islands • • • G • D • A • S • G • D • • • D • • • D • • • • • D • • • • • D Micronesia, Fed. Sts. • D • • • D • G • S • S • D • • • G • • • • • • • • • D • D • • • D Nauru • • • D • S • S • S • D • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • G • • • • • • Palau • • • • • D • G • S • A • D • • • S • • • A • • • • • S • G • • • G Papua New Guinea • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • G • S • S • D • D • D • D Samoa • A • D • S • D • D • A • D • • • S • • • D • • • D • D • • • • • S Solomon Islands • G • G • S • G • D • G • D • • • D • • • S • • • A • G • D • D • D Tonga • A • G • S • A • D • A • S • • • S • A • A • • • D • S • • • G • • Tuvalu • • • G • D • S • D • S • S • • • S • • • S • • • • • D • • • • • • Vanuatu • G • D • S • S • D • D • D • • • D • • • S • • • D • D • D • G • A AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain Source: Authors L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain
- 39. 27 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards Figure 2.14 2025 SDG dashboards forsub-SaharanAfrica (levels and trends) Source: Authors AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Angola • G • D • D • S • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • A • A • D • D • D • D Benin • A • D • D • G • S • S • S • S • D • A • D • S • A • D • D • D • S Botswana • D • D • S • S • S • S • D • D • S • • • D • D • D • • • D • D • D Burkina Faso • D • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • D • G • D • S • D • • • S • D • • Burundi • G • D • D • D • S • S • D • S • D • • • S • S • D • • • D • G • G Cabo Verde • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • • • D • • • S • • • D • D • • • S • S Cameroon • D • D • S • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • D • D • S • S • D • D • D Central African Republic • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • G • • • D • S • D • • • S • • • D Chad • G • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • S • S • • • D • • • S Comoros • D • D • D • G • D • D • D • • • D • • • D • • • D • G • D • • • D Congo, Dem. Rep. • D • G • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • S • D • D • D • G • D Congo, Rep. • G • D • D • • • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • S • S • S • S • G • D Côte d'Ivoire • S • D • S • S • D • S • D • D • D • A • D • S • G • S • D • D • D Djibouti • S • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • D • D • D • D • • • D Equatorial Guinea • • • • • D • • • D • A • D • D • D • • • D • A • A • D • S • • • D Eritrea • D • G • S • D • D • A • D • D • D • • • D • S • A • G • D • • • D Eswatini • D • D • S • • • S • D • D • G • S • • • D • • • D • • • D • G • S Ethiopia • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • S • A • • • D • D • D Gabon • D • D • S • • • D • S • A • S • S • • • D • S • A • D • S • D • D The Gambia • G • D • S • D • D • S • D • D • S • G • D • S • S • G • S • D • S Ghana • D • D • S • G • D • S • S • S • D • • • D • D • S • D • D • D • D Guinea • S • S • D • S • D • D • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • G • D • G • D Guinea-Bissau • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • • • D • • • A • D • D • G • D Kenya • G • S • S • A • D • D • S • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • D • D Lesotho • D • D • S • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • • • D • • • S • G • D Liberia • G • D • S • G • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • S • A • S • D • D • S Madagascar • D • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • A • S • D • D • D • D Malawi • G • D • S • D • S • S • D • D • D • • • D • S • S • • • D • D • D Mali • D • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • • • S • G • D Mauritania • S • D • S • G • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • S • D • G • S Mauritius • A • D • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • • • S • • • D • D • D • G • S Mozambique • D • S • D • D • D • S • D • S • G • • • D • D • A • S • D • G • S Namibia • D • D • S • A • S • S • D • D • S • • • G • S • S • D • S • G • D Niger • D • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • S • D • S • S • • • S • G • S Nigeria • G • D • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • • • D • S • A • S • D • G • D Rwanda • D • S • S • S • S • D • D • G • D • • • D • D • D • • • D • D • S São Tomé and Príncipe • D • G • S • A • D • D • D • • • D • • • D • • • D • D • S • D • S Senegal • S • S • D • D • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • D • S • S • D • G • S Seychelles • A • D • S • D • D • S • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • S • S • • • S Sierra Leone • S • D • S • D • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • S • A • D • D • D • A Somalia • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • S • A • D • D • • • • South Africa • D • D • D • D • A • S • D • S • S • • • G • S • S • S • D • G • A South Sudan • G • D • S • G • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • S • A • • • D • • • G Sudan • G • D • D • • • D • D • D • A • D • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • D Tanzania • D • D • S • D • S • S • D • D • D • • • G • S • S • G • D • D • D Togo • S • D • S • S • D • D • D • A • D • S • D • S • S • D • D • D • D Uganda • D • S • S • A • D • D • S • D • D • • • D • S • S • • • D • D • D Zambia • D • D • D • • • D • S • D • D • D • S • G • S • S • • • D • G • D Zimbabwe • G • D • S • S • S • D • D • D • D • • • G • A • A • • • S • G • D L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain
- 40. 28 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Figure 2.15 2025 SDG dashboards forSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) (levels and trends) Source: Authors AFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORKAND ECONOMIC GROWTH INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCED INEQUALITIES SUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION LIFE ON LAND PEACE, JUSTICE ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS CLIMATE ACTION LIFE BELOW WATER PARTNERSHIPS FORTHE GOALS NO POVERTY ZERO HUNGER GOODHEALTH AND WELL-BEING QUALITY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY CLEANWATER AND SANITATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Antigua and Barbuda • • • D • S • D • D • A • S • • • A • • • S • • • D • D • D • S • S The Bahamas • • • D • D • G • S • S • D • D • S • • • A • S • G • S • D • D • S Barbados • • • D • S • G • S • S • S • • • S • • • A • • • D • S • D • D • G Belize • D • S • S • G • S • S • D • G • S • • • D • S • S • D • D • D • S Cabo Verde • A • D • S • S • S • S • S • • • D • • • S • • • D • D • • • S • S Comoros • D • D • D • G • D • D • D • • • D • • • D • • • D • G • D • • • D Cuba • • • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • D • • • D • A • A • S • S • • • A Dominica • • • D • D • D • S • A • D • • • D • • • • • • • S • S • D • D • • Dominican Republic • A • S • S • D • A • D • D • D • S • A • D • D • D • D • D • D • D Fiji • D • D • D • A • D • D • D • • • S • • • S • • • A • D • D • S • D Grenada • • • D • D • D • D • A • D • • • A • • • • • • • D • D • D • G • D Guinea-Bissau • D • D • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • • • D • • • A • D • D • G • D Guyana • • • S • S • A • S • A • D • S • S • • • S • • • D • S • S • D • S Haiti • G • D • D • • • D • S • D • G • D • • • D • S • D • D • S • G • D Jamaica • G • D • D • D • S • D • D • D • S • • • D • G • D • D • D • D • A Kiribati • • • G • D • D • D • D • D • • • S • • • S • • • D • D • • • • • S Maldives • A • S • S • S • D • A • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • S • D • • • S Marshall Islands • • • G • D • A • S • G • D • • • D • • • D • • • • • D • • • • • D Mauritius • A • D • D • S • D • S • S • A • S • • • S • • • D • D • D • G • S Micronesia, Fed. Sts. • D • • • D • G • S • S • D • • • G • • • • • • • • • D • D • • • D Nauru • • • D • S • S • S • D • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • G • • • • • • Palau • • • • • D • G • S • A • D • • • S • • • A • • • • • S • G • • • G Papua New Guinea • D • D • D • • • D • D • D • D • D • • • G • S • S • D • D • D • D Samoa • A • D • S • D • D • A • D • • • S • • • D • • • D • D • • • • • S São Tomé and Príncipe • D • G • S • A • D • D • D • • • D • • • D • • • D • D • S • D • S Seychelles • A • D • S • D • D • S • S • • • S • • • S • • • D • S • S • • • S Singapore • • • G • S • S • S • S • S • S • S • • • A • S • G • G • D • D • D Solomon Islands • G • G • S • G • D • G • D • • • D • • • S • • • A • G • D • D • D St. Kitts and Nevis • • • G • S • G • S • D • S • • • S • • • A • • • D • D • D • D • S St. Lucia • A • D • S • D • D • S • D • • • S • • • A • • • D • D • D • D • S St. Vincent and the Grenadines • • • D • S • D • S • A • D • • • S • • • A • • • D • S • G • D • S Suriname • D • D • S • G • S • S • S • • • S • • • D • • • D • D • D • D • D Timor-Leste • D • D • D • D • S • D • S • • • G • • • D • • • A • D • D • S • S Tonga • A • G • S • A • D • A • S • • • S • A • A • • • D • S • • • G • • Trinidad and Tobago • • • D • D • • • D • S • S • D • S • • • S • • • S • D • D • D • D Tuvalu • • • G • D • S • D • S • S • • • S • • • S • • • • • D • • • • • • Vanuatu • G • D • S • S • D • D • D • • • D • • • S • • • D • D • D • G • A L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing • Data not available SDG achievement Challenges remain Significant challenges remain Major challenges remain
- 41. 29 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 2. SDG Index Dashboards References References EPRS. 2021. Ten Composite Indices for Policy-Making. European Parliamentary Research Service. https:// www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/ EPRS_IDA(2021)696203. Fahr, Stephan, Andrea Vismara, and Richard Senner. 2024. The Globalization of Climate Change: Amplification of Climate-Related Physical Risks Through Input-Output Linkages. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4832423. Fuller, Grayson, and Leslie Bermont-Diaz. 2024. International Spillover Effects and Germany: An Analysis of Germany’s Performance on Spillovers and the Policy Options to Manage Them. SDSN and GIZ. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17990.89922 Gómez-Paredes, Jorge, Arunima Malik, and Guillaume Lafortune. 2025. SDG-nexus and spillovers at the heart of Agenda 2030. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 4(1): e0000157. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000157. Helliwell, John F., Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs, Jan- Emmanuel De Neve, Lara B. Aknin, and Shun Wang. 2025. World Happiness Report 2025. University of Oxford. Wellbeing Research Centre. Iablonovski, G. 2024. Localizing the SDG Index with machine learning and satellite imagery. SDSN Working Paper. Paris, France. Iablonovski, G., E. Drumm, G. Fuller, and G. Lafortune. 2024. A global implementation of the rural access index. Frontiers in Remote Sensing. 5:1375476. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1375476 IAEG-SDG WGGI. 2018. Global and complementary (non-authoritative) spatial data for SDG Indicators reporting: role and utilisation. A discussion paper prepared by the IAEG-SDGs WGGI Task Team. Retrieved from: https://ggim.un.org/documents/ Report_Global_and_Complementary_Geospatial_ Data_for_SDGs.pdf IAEG-SDG WGGI. 2025. Rescuing the SDGs with geospatial data. How geospatial information can transform the production, measurement, monitoring and dissemination of SDG indicators. A discussion paper prepared by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on the Sustainable Development Goal Indicators Working Group on Geospatial Information (IAEG-SDGs WGGI) Task Team. Ishii, Naoko, Guillaume Lafortune, Daniel C. Esty, Etienne Berthet, Grayson Fuller, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Leslie Bermont-Diaz, and Sara Allali. 2024. Global Commons Stewardship Index 2024. SDSN, Yale Center for Environmental Law Policy, and the University of Tokyo Center for Global Commons. Paris; New Haven, CT; and Tokyo. Koks, Elco E., Lorenzo Carrera, Olaf Jonkeren, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Trond G. Husby, Mark Thissen, Gabriele Standardi, and Jaroslav Mysiak. 2016. Regional disaster impact analysis: comparing input–output and computable general equilibrium models. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16 (8): 1911–24. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1911-2016. Koks, Elco, Raghav Pant, Trond Husby, Johannes Többen, and Jan Oosterhaven. 2019. Multiregional disaster impact models: recent advances and comparison of outcomes. In Advances in Spatial and Economic Modeling of Disaster Impacts, 191–218. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16237-5_8. Koks, Elco E., and Mark Thissen. 2016. A multiregional impact assessment model for disaster analysis ». Economic Systems Research 28 (4): 429–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2016.1232701. Lafortune, Guillaume, and Grayson Fuller. 2025. Europe Sustainable Development Report 2025: SDG Priorities for the New EU Leadership. Paris: SDSN and Dublin: Dublin University Press. https://doi.org/10.25546/110692. Lafortune, Guillaume, Grayson Fuller, Adolf Kloke- Lesch, Phoebe Koundouri, and Angelo Riccaboni. 2024. Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24: European Elections, Europe’s Future and the Sustainable Development Goals. Report. SDSN Europe. https://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/104407.
- 42. 30 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 2 – THE SDG INDEX AND DASHBOARDS Lafortune, Guillaume, Grayson Fuller, Jorge Moreno, Guido Schmidt-Traub, and Christian Kroll. 2018. SDG Index and Dashboards: Detailed Methodological Paper. Paris: Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network. https://raw. githubusercontent.com/sdsna/2018GlobalIndex/ master/2018GlobalIndexMethodology.pdf Lafortune, Guillaume, Zachary A. Wendling, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Finn Woelm, Carmina Baez, Reed Miller, Daniel C. Esty, Naoko Ishii, and Akiyuki Kawazaki. 2021. Measuring countries’ impacts on the global commons: a new approach based on production- and consumption-based accounting. In Understanding the Spillovers and Transboundary Impacts of Public Policies: Implementing the 2030 Agenda for More Resilient Societies, OECD and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, 167–91. Paris: OECD. https://doi. org/10.1787/862c0db7-en. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Sarah Carter, Mengyu Li, Manfred Lenzen, and Christian Kroll. 202. International spillover effects in the EU’s textile supply chains: a global SDG assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 295 (October):113037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113037. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Salma Dahir, Zachary A. Wendling, Christian Kroll, Sarah Carter, Mengyu Li, and Manfred Lenzen. 2023. Global environmental and social spillover effects of EU’s food trade. Global Sustainability 6 (January):e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2023.4. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Camille J. Mora, Sarah Carter, and Manfred Lenzen. 2024. Carbon and social impacts in the EU’s consumption of fossil and mineral raw materials. Journal of Environmental Management 369 (October):122291. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122291. Papadimitriou, Eleni, Ana Neves, and William Becker. 2019. JRC Statistical Audit of the Sustainable Development Goals Index and Dashboards. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. doi:10.2760/723763, JRC116857. Schmidt-Traub, Guido, Holger Hoff, and Maren Bernlöhr. 2019. International Spillovers and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Measuring How a Country’s Progress Towards the SDGs is Affected by Actions in Other Countries. SDSN Working Papers. Paris: Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Schmidt-Traub, Guido, Christian Kroll, Katerina Teksoz, David Durand-Delacre, and Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2017. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nature Geoscience 10 (8): 547–55. https://doi. org/10.1038/ngeo2985. SDSN TReNDS. 2019. Counting on the World to Act: A Roadmap for Governments to Achieve Modern data Systems for Sustainable Development. SDSN Trends: Sustainable Development Solutions Network’s Thematic Research Network on Data and Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/ resrep25840.1?seq=1 United Nations. 2021. The SDGs Geospatial Roadmap. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ statcom/53rd-session/documents/BG-3a-SDGs- Geospatial-Roadmap-E.pdf United Nations. 2025. Rescuing the SDGs with Geospatial Information: How Geospatial Information Can Transform the Production, Measurement, Monitoring and Dissemination of SDG Indicators. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/UNSDWebsite/statcom/ session_56/documents/BG-3e-Rescuing-the-SDGs- with-Geospatial-Information-E.pdf Workman, R., and McPherson, K. 2019. Measuring Rural Access Using New Technologies: Supplemental Guidelines. ReCAP GEN2033D (London, UK: ReCAP for DFID). World Bank Group. 2025. Scorecard: Percentage of People at High Risk from Climate-Related Hazards. Retrieved from https://scorecard.worldbank.org/en/ data/indicator-detail/EN_CLM_VULN?orgCode=ALL refareatype=REGIONrefareacode=ACWage= _Tdisability=_Tsex=_T
- 44. Commitment to theSDGs and UN-Based Multilateralism Part 3
- 45. 33 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Commitment to the SDGs and UN-Based Multilateralism Part 3 2025 marks the 10th anniversary of the SDG’s adoption and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the international community adopted the UN Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) to provide the vision and guiding principles for maintaining peace, security, and effective global cooperation. In September 2024, at the UN Summit of the Future, the UN member states reaffirmed their commitment to the SDGs and effective multilateralism, adopting by consensus the Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact and Declaration on Future Generations. level, outcome-based data can be missing or outdated, and significant changes in many cases may take years to materialize, despite the adoption of ambitious policies. Consequentially, outcome statistics may not reflect the current policy landscape or commitments to advancing the SDGs and effective multilateralism. This chapter therefore serves as a complement to the SDG Index by examining countries’ efforts and intentions to contribute to a collective movement toward sustainable development and international cooperation as empha- sized under SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). We begin by providing an overview of countries’ efforts and commitments towards the SDGs, notably through the preparation of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) and Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs), where central/ federal governments or regional and local authorities present their SDG action plans and evaluate their progress. We then present an updated and expanded version of the Index of countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism (UN-Mi), including aggregate results as well as detailed results by indicator. The UN-Mi benefited from several rounds of comments collected since 2022 on pilot versions and in working papers (Sachs, Lafortune, and Drumm 2023). Its detailed methodology was peer-reviewed in 2024 (Lafortune and Sachs 2024). For clarity, most charts in this chapter focus on G20 and large countries (which collectively account for almost three-quarters of the world population). We also include the global median in each chart, as a measure of central tendency across the 193 UN member states, as the median is less affected by outliers than the average. Detailed data for all countries is accessible at: https://sdgtransformationcenter.org/. The Pact calls for 56 actions related to SDG implemen- tation, peace, and collective security, including the transformation of the multilateral system and reform of the international financial architecture (United Nations 2024): • We will take bold, ambitious, accelerated, just and transformative actions to implement the 2030 Agenda, achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and leave no one behind. (Action 1) • We will redouble our efforts to build and sustain peaceful, inclusive and just societies and address the root causes of conflicts. (Action 13) • We will transform global governance and reinvigorate the multilateral system to tackle the challenges, and seize the opportunities, of today and tomorrow. (Action 38) • We will accelerate reform of the international financial architecture to address the challenges of today and tomorrow. (Action 47) This chapter aims to gauge countries’ support for the SDGs and UN-based multilateralism. Unlike the SDG Index (Part 2), which addresses SDG outcomes or implementation, this chapter focuses on intentions to promote global cooperation for sustainable devel- opment – via, for instance, regular SDG reviews and action plans and the ratification of major UN treaties. Intentions matter for at least two reasons. First, they help build the trust needed among nation-states for effective multilateralism. Second, because at the global
- 46. 34 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM 3 41 95 44 10 Figure 3.1 Participation inVoluntary National Review process (numberofcountries), 2016–2025 Note: n=193. Includes countries that are listed as 2025 VNR presenters in the letter signed by the President of ECOSOC on 7 October 2024. Source: Authors’ elaboration based on https://hlpf.un.org/vnrs 0 VNR 1 VNR 2 VNRs 3 VNRs 4 VNRs Government and societal support forthe SDGs In 2015, through the 2030 Agenda resolution, all 193 UN member states committed to preparing regular reviews and action plans for sustainable development, pledging to engage in a “systematic follow-up and review of imple- mentation of this Agenda over the next fifteen years” (United Nations 2015). The resolution specifies that these reviews should be ”voluntary and country-led”. Since 2016, more than 400 Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) have been presented. As of July, 2025, 190 UN member states have taken part in the VNR process, with the majority (149) presenting two or more VNRs (Figure 3.1 and 3.2).1 Only three member states have never participated in the VNR process: Haiti, Myanmar, and the United States. The State of Palestine and the European Union are examples of non-UN member states that have also prepared and presented VNRs. 1. In the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran, only the “Key Messages of Iran’s Voluntary National Review (VNR) on SDGs: 2017 HLPF” is available online. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/14994Iran.pdf Other metrics can provide a broader picture of societal support for sustainable development and global cooperation. At the subnational level, regional and local governments have prepared Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs). While these hold no official status, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) tracks the publication of VLRs globally. New York City was among the first cities in the world to present a VLR, and as of April 2025, DESA has listed 249 VLRs, pub- lished by regional and local authorities in 43 countries. Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Finland, Mexico, Spain, and the United States have each published 10 or more (Figure 3.3). Interestingly, despite current geopolitical tensions, survey data collected by UNDP reveals that an over- whelming majority of people globally (86 percent) believe that countries “should work together on climate change even if they disagree on other issues, such as trade or security” (UNDP 2024).
- 47. 35 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Government and societal support for the SDGs VNRs Global median , Figure 3.2 Number ofVNRs presented by G20 and large countries, 2016–2025 Note: Includes countries that are listed as 2025 VNR presenters in the letter signed by the President of the ECOSOC on 7 October 2024. Source: Authors’ elaboration based on https://hlpf.un.org/vnrs Figure 3.3 Number ofVoluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) prepared by regional and/or local authorities, all countries, 2016–2025 Note: As of 1 April 2025. Source: Authors’ elaboration based on UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). https://sdgs.un.org/topics/voluntary-local-reviews 3. Commitment to the SDGs
- 48. 36 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM Rank Country Score 1 Barbados 92 2 Jamaica 86.5 3 Trinidad and Tobago 86.5 4 Maldives 86.4 5 Antigua and Barbuda 86.2 6 Mauritius 86.1 7 Chile 85.3 8 Uruguay 85.2 9 Philippines 84 10 Paraguay 83.3 11 Malaysia 82.5 12 Costa Rica 82.2 13 Belize 82.2 14 Mongolia 81.3 15 Tunisia 80.9 16 Fiji 80.6 17 Peru 80 18 Senegal 80 19 Honduras 79.9 20 Namibia 79.7 21 Guatemala 79.6 22 Cabo Verde 79.5 23 The Bahamas 79.4 24 Thailand 79.4 25 Brazil 79.1 26 St. Lucia 78.8 27 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 78.8 28 Botswana 78.6 29 Colombia 78.3 30 Malta 77.8 31 Sierra Leone 77.7 32 Dominican Republic 77.6 33 Mozambique 77.4 34 Ecuador 77.1 35 Zambia 76.8 36 Mexico 76.8 37 Panama 76.5 38 Kazakhstan 76.5 39 Argentina 76.3 40 Seychelles 76 41 Luxembourg 75.9 42 El Salvador 75.8 43 Austria 75.7 Rank Country Score 44 Switzerland 75.7 45 Suriname 75.7 46 Madagascar 75.3 47 Montenegro 75.3 48 Nigeria 74.4 49 Bolivia 74.4 50 Ireland 74.2 51 Lao PDR 74 52 Kuwait 74 53 Nicaragua 73.8 54 Côte d'Ivoire 73.5 55 New Zealand 73.1 56 South Africa 73 57 Bangladesh 72.7 58 Vietnam 72.4 59 Algeria 72.4 60 Morocco 72.4 61 Ghana 72.3 62 Cambodia 72.2 63 Malawi 71.2 64 Sri Lanka 71.2 65 Lesotho 70.6 66 Jordan 70.5 67 Grenada 70.3 68 Germany 70.1 69 Guyana 70 70 Iceland 69.5 71 Brunei Darussalam 69.3 72 Nepal 69.1 73 Cuba 69 74 The Gambia 68.9 75 Indonesia 68.8 76 Vanuatu 68.8 77 St. Kitts and Nevis 68.7 78 Gabon 68.7 79 Netherlands 68.7 80 Hungary 68.5 81 Moldova 68.3 82 Singapore 68.2 83 Albania 68.2 84 Japan 67.8 85 Uganda 67.5 86 Angola 67.5 87 Mauritania 67.5 Figure 3.4 The 2025 Index ofCountries’ Support to UN-Based Multilateralism (UN-Mi)
- 49. 37 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Government and societal support for the SDGs Rank Country Score 88 Samoa 67.5 89 Liechtenstein 67.3 90 Spain 67 91 Kyrgyz Republic 66.9 92 Portugal 66.8 93 Mali 66.7 94 Oman 66.5 95 Tanzania 66.4 96 North Macedonia 66.4 97 Bosnia and Herzegovina 66 98 Kenya 65.5 99 Zimbabwe 65.4 100 Qatar 65.4 101 Kiribati 65.3 102 Togo 65.1 103 San Marino 65 104 Guinea 64.9 105 Croatia 64.9 106 Italy 64.7 107 Belgium 64.4 108 Benin 64.4 109 Slovenia 64.3 110 Egypt, Arab Rep. 64 111 Georgia 63.9 112 Congo, Rep. 63.9 113 India 63.8 114 Guinea-Bissau 63.7 115 Azerbaijan 63.6 116 Denmark 63.3 117 Canada 63.1 118 Bahrain 62.9 119 Comoros 62.7 120 Djibouti 62.5 121 Solomon Islands 62.5 122 Bulgaria 62.4 123 Cyprus 62.4 124 Norway 62.2 125 Armenia 62.2 126 Czechia 61.8 127 Monaco 61.6 128 Haiti 61.6 129 Finland 61.6 130 Dominica 61.5 131 Papua New Guinea 61 Rank Country Score 132 Iraq 60.9 133 United Arab Emirates 60.8 134 Burkina Faso 60.4 135 Poland 60.1 136 Sweden 60.1 137 Timor-Leste 60 138 Ethiopia 59.4 139 Tajikistan 59.4 140 Libya 59.3 141 Bhutan 59.2 142 Tonga 58.5 143 Korea, Rep. 58.3 144 Niger 58.3 145 Andorra 57.8 146 Australia 57.6 147 Rwanda 57.5 148 Tuvalu 57.4 149 Serbia 57 150 Liberia 56.9 151 Uzbekistan 56.7 152 Cameroon 56.6 153 Turkmenistan 56.5 154 Slovak Republic 56.3 155 Eswatini 56.3 156 United Kingdom 56.1 157 Greece 56.1 158 Marshall Islands 55.9 159 China 55.8 160 São Tomé and Príncipe 55.7 161 Romania 55.5 162 Yemen, Rep. 55.4 163 Palau 55.1 164 Saudi Arabia 54.8 165 Eritrea 54.6 166 Belarus 54.1 167 Pakistan 53.7 168 Chad 53.7 169 Congo, Dem. Rep. 53.4 170 Myanmar 53.3 171 Lebanon 53.1 172 Central African Republic 52 173 Nauru 50.8 174 Burundi 50.2 175 Lithuania 50.2 Rank Country Score 176 Ukraine 50 177 France 49.9 178 Latvia 49.2 179 Türkiye 48.9 180 Estonia 48.4 181 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 48 182 Afghanistan 47.4 183 Venezuela, RB 46.4 184 Sudan 46.4 185 Equatorial Guinea 45.1 186 Syrian Arab Republic 43.6 187 Russian Federation 43.3 188 Iran, Islamic Rep. 35.6 189 Somalia 35 190 Israel 25.6 191 Korea, Dem. Rep. 23.8 192 South Sudan 20.8 193 United States 5.1 Figure 3.4 (continued) Source: Authors
- 50. 38 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM The2025Indexofcountries’support forUN-basedmultilateralism(UN-Mi) The UN-Mi tracks countries’ support for UN-based multi- lateralism. It does not capture efforts made by countries to promote international cooperation in regional and bilateral fora, or within the BRICS, G20, G7, OECD and other groups. The index measures a specific aspect of multilateralism distinct both conceptually and statistically from other concepts and constructs, including the Good Country Index or the Lowy Institute’s Global Diplomacy Index (which assesses the scale of diplomatic networks). We use a narrowly defined set of six headline indica- tors to gauge countries’ commitment to UN-based multilateralism: 1. Ratification of major UN treaties 2. Percentage of votes aligned with the international majority at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) 3. Participation in selected UN organizations and agencies 4. Participation in conflicts and militarization 5. Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs) 6. Contribution to the UN budget and international solidarity The median UN-Mi score is 66 (out of 100), but there are large disparities across UN member states. The 2025 Index is topped again by Barbados, followed by five Small Island Developing States (SIDS), which tend to adhere to UN principles and treaties and not contribute much to militarizing the world. Non-SIDS countries such as Chile, Costa Rica, Honduras, Malaysia, Mongolia, Namibia, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Senegal, Tunisia, and Uruguay also rank in the top 20 globally, each scoring 80 or above. Conversely, the United States ranks as the country least committed to UN-based multilateralism, with a score of 5. Other coun- tries that rank poorly on this year’s UN-Mi include Israel, Somalia, South Sudan, the Russian Federation, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Democratic Republic of Korea, all with scores below 45. Among G20 countries, Brazil stands out as the most committed to UN-based multilateralism, followed by Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, Germany, Indonesia, and Japan – all scoring above the global median of 66. By contrast, G20 countries the Russian Federation, Türkiye, and the United States all have UN-Mi scores below 50. Ratification ofmajorUNTreaties The first indicator is “Percentage of major UN treaties ratified”. This indicator covers 60 international conventions and agreements adopted by the United Nations from 1946–2024, or adopted before 1946 and later added to the UN treaty system. It covers UN instruments ratified by more than 50 percent of the international community, excluding protocols, optional protocols, amendments, and conventions that were later terminated or applied only to a small number of countries. Treaties adopted outside of the United Nations or deposited by parties other than the UN Secretary General, such as the Geneva Conventions (adopted under the ICRC), were excluded. We recorded in our database (accessible online) whether member states have signed or ratified each one. Signature of a treaty is not legally binding, however ratification (or acceptance, accession, definitive signature, and succession) is. The global median is 85 percent (maximum 98 percent, minimum 40 percent). Among G20 and large countries, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom have all ratified more than 90 percent of major UN treaties (Figure 3.5). By contrast, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia have ratified less than 75 percent and the United States less than 60 percent. In 2025, the United States withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement.
- 51. 39 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Percentage of votes aligned with the international majority at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) Percentage ofvotes aligned with the international majority at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) The second indicator is “Percentage of votes aligned with the majority vote at the UN General Assembly”. Chapter IV of the UN Charter describes the role and function of the UN General Assembly (UNGA), the main decision-making body of the United Nations. This indicator measures the percentage of times that each member state has voted with the simple international majority (not weighted by population), out of a total of 458 recorded votes over the period 2020–2024. Overall, since 1945, votes on more than 5,000 UNGA resolutions have been reported in the UN digital library (data were obtained via python web scraping). For each resolution, UN member states can vote yes or no, abstain, or be absent. In the vast majority of cases (98 percent of the time) the majority vote is “Yes”. The global median for alignment with the majority vote is 76 percent (ranging from a maximum of 96 percent to a minimum of 26 percent). Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt (Arab Republic), Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa aligned with the majority vote 80 percent of the time (Figure 3.6). Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Korea (Republic of), the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom aligned with the international majority vote between 50 and 60 percent of the time. The United States, however, aligned with the interna- tional majority vote around 30 percent of the time. Of all 193 UN member states, only Israel recorded a lower percentage of alignment (26 percent) over this period. The share of votes aligned with the international majority has varied significantly over time (Figure 3.7). In the early days of the UN, in the 1950s, the United States aligned with the majority vote of the international community Major UN treaties ratified (%) Global median Figure 3.5 MajorUN treaties ratified (percent), G20 and large countries, 1945–2024 Note: Treaties ratified by more than 50 percent of UN member states (N=60). As of January 1, 2025. Global median (85 percent) corresponds to the median percentage of major UN treaties ratified across all 193 UN member states. Source: Authors’ calculations based on UN treaty database. 3. Commitment to the SDGs
- 52. 40 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM Figure 3.6 Percentage ofvotes aligned with the majorityvote at the UN GeneralAssembly, G20 and large countries, 2020–2024 UNGA votes with majority Global median Note: Simple majority (not population weighted). Votes recorded between 2020 and 2024 (N=458). Global median (76%). Source: Authors’ calculations, based on UN Digital Library voting data. Figure 3.7 Percentage ofvotes aligned with the majorityvote at the UN GeneralAssembly, selected countries, by decade since 1950 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1950–1959 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999 2000–2009 2010–2019 2020–2024 USA R GB S RU BRA N CH FRA SAU IRN ISR Source : Authors, building on Lafortune and Sachs (2024).
- 53. 41 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Participation in selected UN organizations and agencies 80 percent of the time. However, this gradually fell to 30 percent or less from the late 1980s through the 2020s (Lafortune and Sachs 2025). Votes that put the United States in the minority are often related to Israel’s continued occupation of Palestinian territories captured in the 1967 war, or to collective security arrangements and international economic and financial reforms (includ- ing the end of unilateral coercive measures). By contrast, Brazil, a major economy, consistently voted alongside the rest of the international majority three-quarters of the time or more throughout the entire period. 2. UN Specialized Agencies: the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); the International Labour Organization (ILO); the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the International Maritime Organization (IMO); the International Telecommunication Union (ITU); the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO); the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO); the Universal Postal Union (UPU; the World Health Organization (WHO); the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); and the World Bank Group – including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). United Nations funds and programmes: UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP). Participation in selected UN organizations and agencies The third indicator refers to “Membership and par- ticipation in selected United Nations organizations”. Chapter IX of the UN Charter describes the role of specialized agencies in fostering international economic and social cooperation. This indicator captures mem- bership in 24 UN organizations as of March 2025: all 15 specialized agencies,2 the 6 funds and programmes (UNDP, UNEP, UNFPA, UN-HABITAT, UNICEF and WFP), 3. Commitment to the SDGs Figure 3.8 Membership in selected group of24 UN organizations, G20 and large countries, 2025 Note: Global median and maximum = 24. As of March 2025. Source: Authors, data compiled via desk research on individual organizations and agencies’ web portals.
- 54. 42 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM the Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These 24 were selected to include all of the specialized agencies and represent a broad range of issues related to sustainable development (education, health, finance, trade, telecommunication, and industrial policies). Most of the 193 UN member states participate in all 24 selected organizations (with a global median of 24, a maximum of 24, and a minimum of 12). Since the last UN-Mi edition, Comoros has become the 165th WTO member state, while South Sudan and the Solomon Islands have joined UNIDO as its 172nd and 173rd member states, respectively. The majority of G20 and large countries are members of all 24 organizations (Figure 3.8), however Argentina announced in February 2025 that it would leave the WHO; Australia is not a member of UNIDO, UNWTO or IFAD; Canada and the United Kingdom are not members of UNIDO or UNWTO; France left UNIDO in 2014; Ethiopia is not a member of WTO; the Russian Federation is not a member of UNWTO; and the United States is not a member of UNIDO or UNWTO and withdrew from the WHO in February 2025. Participation in conflicts and militarization The fourth indicator concerns “Participation in conflicts and militarization”. The Preamble of the 1945 UN Charter states that all UN member states must “practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors” and “unite [their] strength to maintain international peace and security”. Several UN resolutions and reports highlight the link between disarmament and development. The final document of the tenth special session on disarmament, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1978, underlined the following: “There is also a close relationship between disarmament and development. Progress in the former would help greatly in the realization of the latter. Therefore resources released as a result of the implementation of disarmament measures should be devoted to the economic and social development of all nations and contribute to the bridging of the economic gap between developed and developing countries.” (UN 1978, par 35) Almost ten years later, in 1987, the International Con- ference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development led to the adoption of an action plan that included commitments to reduce military spending and redirect the resources saved toward development (United Nations 1987). More recently, in the context of the SDGs, the Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs stated the following: “Through its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the Agenda sets out a road map to end hunger, protect the planet, achieve gender equality, improve health and more. … It is estimated that the cost to achieve quality universal primary and early secondary education for all (Goal 4) would barely exceed 3 per cent of global annual military spending, while eliminating extreme poverty and hunger (Goals 1 and 2) would amount to only about 13 per cent of annual military spending. Reinvesting 5 per cent of global military spending would also exceed the initial annual costs of adapting to climate change in developing countries (Goal 13). So little could do so much.” (UNODA 2020) In 2024, through the adoption of the Pact for the Future, UN member states raised their concerns about the potential impact that the global increase in military spending could have on sustainable development (Action 13). They requested the Secretary-General establish, by the end of the current (79th) session, an analysis of the impact specifically on the achieve- ment of the SDGs. According to data compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the world’s military expenditure reached 2,718 billion USD in 2024, marking a 9.4 percent increase in real terms compared to 2023. This rep- resents the largest year-on-year rise since at least the end of the Cold War (SIPRI 2025). Notably, military spending increased in all world regions.
- 55. 43 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs) Our “Participation in conflicts and militarization” indicator relies on data from the 2024 Global Peace Index (GPI), compiled by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP 2024). It is calculated as the average of a country’s score on the GPI’s “Militarisation” domain and on the two external dimensions of the “Ongoing Conflict” domain: “relations with neighboring countries” and external conflicts (number and resulting mortality). The Militarization pillar includes comparable data on mil- itary expenditure as a percentage of GDP, the number of armed service officers per capita, and financial contributions to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Among G20 and large countries, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico and the Philippines perform best on this indicator (scoring below the global median). By contrast, the Russian Federation performs the worst globally (Figure 3.9). Use ofunilateral coercive measures (UCMs) The fifth indicator relates to the “Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs)”. This indicator examines the adoption by UN member states of unilateral sanctions against other countries. Several UN resolutions stress that unilateral coercive measures and practices “are contrary to interna- tional law, international humanitarian law, the UN Charter and the norms and principles governing peaceful rela- tions among States” (OHCHR 2024). They also underline that. in the long term, such measures may lead to social problems and raise humanitarian concerns in the tar- geted states. In 2014, the Human Rights Council created the mandate of the “Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights”. The 2030 Agenda stipulates that: Militarization Global median Figure 3.9. Global Peace Index: militarization and external conflicts, 2024 Note: from 1 (best, less militarized) to (5, worst, more militarized). Global median (1.86). Source: Authors’ calculations based on IEP, 2024. 3. Commitment to the SDGs
- 56. 44 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM Figure 3.10 Use ofunilateral coercive measures (UCMs), G20 and large countries (1950–2022/23) Number of Unilateral Coercive Measures (UCMs) Global median Note: UCMs adopted between 1950 and 2021 that continued into 2022/23. Global median (2). Source: Authors, based on Drexel Global Sanctions Database “States are strongly urged to refrain from pro- mulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries.” (United Nations 2025, para 30) Since 1968, however, the UN Security Council has estab- lished 31 sanctions regimes, including the famous 1977 sanctions against apartheid South Africa, (unanimously imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 418). The Council has imposed sanctions regimes concerning the following states: Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), South Africa, the former Yugoslavia (2), Haiti (2), Angola, Liberia (3), Eritrea/Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire, Iran, Somalia/Eritrea, Iraq (2), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Lebanon, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Libya (2), Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Yemen, South Sudan, and Mali. Sanctions regimes have also been established concern- ing ISIL (Da’esh), Al-Qaida, and the Taliban. The data on UCMs presented in this report are sourced from the Global Sanctions Database (V4, 2024), which provides information on sanctions imposed against countries, including the beginning and final year of sanction imposition (Felbermayr et al. 2020; Drexel University, HTWG Konstanz, and WIFO 2024). Here we present sanctions adopted unilater- ally from 1950 to 2021 that remained in place as of 2022 or later. For our purposes, a sanction is classi- fied as unilateral if it has not been authorized by the UN Security Council, even when imposed by multiple countries. Sanction regimes adopted unilaterally by
- 57. 45 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Contribution to the UN budget and international solidarity regional organizations, such as the EU or the League of Arab States, have been attributed to their individual member states. Only a small number of countries make frequent use of UCMs as a policy tool (global median number of uses of UCMs, 1950–2022/23 = 2). The United States is by far the most significant user of UCMs, particularly since the late 1980s and early 1990s, followed by European countries (Figure 3.10). Contribution to the UN budget and international solidarity Finally, the sixth indicator relates to each country’s “Contribution to the UN budget and international soli- darity”. Articles 17 and 19 of the UN Charter cover the organization’s financial and budgetary arrangements, with the UN Fifth Committee reporting on administra- tive and budgetary matters. The capacity to pay remains the core principle for determining each member state’s contribution to the United Nations’ regular and peace- keeping budgets. Based on this principle, the United Nations establishes a scale of assessments to apportion expenses for its regular budget and for peacekeeping operations. For the period 2025–2027, the United States and China are the largest contributors, each accounting for more than 20 percent of the regular UN budget and peacekeeping operations. The UN Fifth Committee keeps a record of countries that pay their dues on time, those with delays, and those in extreme arrears. Countries in significant arrears are subject to the provisions of Article 19: “a Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years.” Since contributions to the UN budget are determined by the principle of capacity to pay, we do not rate coun- tries on the total amount they pay. However, no matter the level of their contribution, every country can be expected to pay their dues on time, to ensure the effec- tive functioning of the UN system. This indicator focuses on delays in payment of UN dues over the period, 2020–2024 inclusive. A member state receives a perfect score (100) for each year they appear on the UNGA Committee on Contributions’ “honor roll“ list I (paid on time). Members appearing on list II, indicating that dues were paid after the 30-day due period, are given a score of 66 (small delay in payment). Those absent from the honor roll page are given a score of 33 (large delay in payment). A score of 0 is given to countries in arrears in the payment of their financial contributions, under the terms of Article 19, in January of the subsequent year, according to the list published on the UN General Assembly dedicated Article 19 page (extreme arrears in payment). Final scores correspond to each country’s average across 2020–2024. From 2020 to 2024, 21 countries systematically paid their dues to the UN on time, within the 30-day due period.3 Some countries, however, such as Comoros, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Venezuela have appeared on the Article 19 list several times. As largely docu- mented, delays in payment by some of the largest contributors to the regular UN regular budget and peacekeeping operations in recent years represents a significant operational challenge for the effective functioning of the UN system (The Economist 2025) (Figure 3.11). For HICs with available data, total scores are adjusted based on their contribution to international solidar- ity, as measured by the percentage of their GNI that is devoted to official development assistance (ODA), averaged over the 2020–2024 period. Four OECD/DAC members achieved the 0.7 percent target (Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, and Sweden). On average, according to the OECD (2025), international aid declined in 2024 by 7.1 percent in real terms compared to the previous year (Figure 3.12). 3. Commitment to the SDGs 3. These are: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Korea, Rep., Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Singapore, Switzerland, and Ukraine.
- 58. 46 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century PART 3 – COMMITMENT TO THE SDGS AND UN-BASED MULTILATERALISM Figure 3.11. Delays in payment ofdues to the United Nations, score, 2020–2024 Delays in payment of dues to the UN Global median Note: Score from 100 (systematically paid on time), 66 (small delays in payment), 33 (large delays in payment), 0 (subject to Article 19 due to extreme arrears in payment). Global median (66, small delays in payment). Score computed as the simple average across all years 2020–2024. Source: Authors, based on UN Committee on Contributions. Figure 3.12 OfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA),asapercentageofGNI,OECD/DACcountries(aggregate),1960–2024 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1 9 6 0 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 6 1 9 6 8 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 4 1 9 7 6 1 9 7 8 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 8 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 8 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 4 ODA as percent of GNI International target Note: From 1960–2017, ODA as a percentage of GNI, net disbursements; 2018–2024, ODA grant equivalent. The international target is 0.7 percent ODA/GNI. Source: Authors’ elaboration based on OECD, 2025.
- 59. 47 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 3. Commitment to the SDGs Outlook Ensuring peace and security, advancing solutions to address the climate and biodiversity crises, and managing the pitfalls of runaway technologies – such as advanced biotechnologies that could create new pathogens, or AI systems capable of generating fake news or provocations to war – cannot be resolved by one country alone. These challenges require collabora- tion among nation-states. In a context where humanity faces unprecedented threats of self-destruction (Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 2025), nation-states, which remain at the heart of the multilateral system, must be held accountable for upholding the values and prin- ciples of the UN Charter and for advancing the SDGs – our shared global vision for sustainable development. This chapter provides an overview of countries’ support for the SDGs and UN-based multilateralism. It underlines the overwhelming intention of most nation-states to support UN-based multilateralism, while also addressing how low and in some cases declining support among a small group of powerful and influential UN member states undermines the effective functioning of the UN system. All countries should capitalize on the momentum of upcom- ing international conferences and summits – including in 2025 the FfD4 in Spain, the 80th UN General Assembly, COP 30 in Brazil, and the UN World Social Summit, as well as in 2027 the next SDG Summit at Heads-of-State level – to recommit to strengthening UN-based multilateral- ism and global partnerships, as emphasized by SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), and accelerating actions to achieve the SDGs by 2030 and mid-century. References Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. 2025. Closer than Ever: It is Now 89 Seconds to Midnight. 2025 Doomsday Clock Statement. Science and Security Board, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 2025. Drexel University, HTWG Konstanz, and WIFO. 2024. Global Sanctions Database (GSDB). Drexel University, Center for Global Policy Analysis, Philadelphia, US; Hochschule Konstanz University of Applied Sciences, Konstanz, Germany; and the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna. https://www.globalsanctionsdatabase.com/. Felbermayr, Gabriel, Aleksandra Kirilakha, Constantinos Syropoulos, and Erdal Yalcin,Yoto V. Yotov. 2020. The global sanctions data base. Economic Review, Elsevier, October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. euroecorev.2020.103561. IEP. 2024. Global Peace Index 2024: Measuring Peace in a Complex World. Sydney, June 2024. Institute for Economics and Peace. Available from: http:// visionofhumanity.org/resources. Lafortune, Guillaume, and Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2024. The index of countries’ support for UN-based multilateralism: construction, verification, and correlates. Asian Economic Papers 23 (3): 1‑28. https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00902. Lafortune, Guillaume, and Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2025. The US Is against the world on sustainable development. Nature 640 (8058): 318–318. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586- 025-01041-y. OECD. 2025. Preliminary official development assistance levels in 2024. OECD Publishing, Paris. Sachs, J., G. Lafortune, and E Drumm. 2023. Index of UN- Based Multilateralism: A Pilot Study by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. SDSN. SIPRI. 2025. SIPRI Military Expenditure Database. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The Economist. 2025. The UN could run out of cash within months: America and China are pushing it to the brink of financial collapse. The Economist, May 1, 2025. https:// www.economist.com/international/2025/05/01/the-un- could-run-out-of-cash-within-months UNDP. 2024. Peoples’ Climate Vote 2024. UNDP, New York. https://www.undp.org/publications/peoples-climate- vote-2024. United Nations. 1978. Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly.Resolution adopted on the report of the ad hoc committee of the tenth special session, 23 May–30 June 1978. New York, https:// digitallibrary.un.org/record/218448?ln=env=pdf#files. United Nations. 1987. Report of the International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development. United Nations, New York, 24 August – 11 September 1987. United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. New York: United Nations. https://sustainabledevelopment. un.org/post2015/transformingourworld United Nations. 2023. United Nations Security Council Sanctions Regimes. United Nations Security Council. Subsidiary Organs. Fact Sheets. United Nations. 2024. 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- 60. 48 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES Interpreting the SDG Index and Dashboards results The Sustainable Development Report 2025 provides an assessment of progress towards the SDGs for all UN member states. The SDG Index score is presented on a scale of 0 to 100 and can be interpreted as a percentage towards optimal performance on the SDGs. Therefore, the difference between 100 and a country’s SDG Index score is the distance, in percentage points, that must be overcome to reach optimum SDG performance. To minimize missing data bias, we do not calculate an overall SDG Index score and rank for countries missing data on more than 20 percent of the indicators. This year’s SDG index covers 167 of the 193 UN member states. The same basket of indicators and similar performance thresholds are used for all countries to generate comparable scores and rankings. Substantial differences in rankings may be due to small differences in aggregate SDG Index scores. This calls for caution when interpreting differences in rankings between countries. Differences of two or three posi- tions between countries should not be interpreted as “significant”, whereas differences of 10 places may be ascribed to meaningful differences in performance. For further details, see the statistical audit by Papadimitriou et al. (2019) conducted on behalf of the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC). The SDG Dashboards provide a visual representation of countries’ performance on the 17 SDGs. The “traffic light” color scheme (green, yellow, orange, and red) illustrates how far a country is from achieving a particular goal. The SDG Dashboards are presented for all UN member states, including countries not included in the SDG Index. As in previous years, the SDG Dashboards and country profiles for OECD countries include additional metrics that are not available for non-OECD member states. The SDG Trend Dashboards indicate whether a country is on track to achieve each individual goal by 2030, based on past performance. It builds on annual growth rates since 2015, extrapolated to 2030. Indicator trends are aggregated at the goal level to give an indication of how the country is progressing towards that SDG. For the first time, the 2025 report presents an evaluation of which countries have progressed the most on the SDGs since their adoption in 2015. To measure their progress, we created a simplified version of the SDG Index (SDGi) using a headline set of indicators to reduce missing-data bias in the time-series data. The SDGi was then used to calculate the change in overall score, in percentage points, for all countries with sufficient data. As last year, we also present an overview of where the world stands on SDG progress, calculated using a population-weighted average for all UN member states. Unless specified otherwise, all regional average results presented in the report are population-weighted. This section provides a brief summary of the methods used to compute the SDG Index and Dashboards. A detailed methodology paper is accessible online (Lafortune et al., 2018). The European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) conducted an independent statistical audit of the report’s methodology and results in 2019, reviewing the conceptual and statistical coher- ence of the index structure. The detailed statistical audit report and additional data tables are available on our website: www.sdgtransformationcenter.org. Due to time lags in international statistics, this year’s edition may not fully capture the severe consequences on the SDGs of ongoing wars and other geopolitical and security crises in recent years. Annex Methods Summary and DataTables
- 61. 49 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Changes to the 2025 edition and limitations Changes to the 2025 edition and limitations The indicator set of the 2025 edition of the Sustainable Development Report is largely consistent with that of the previous edition. To align with the 2025 com- prehensive review of SDG indicators, an indicator on “Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6 months to 23 months” has been incorporated into the dataset under SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). An additional global indicator on patent applications, sourced from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), has been added to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). Table A.1 summarizes these additions and identifies indicators that have been replaced or modified due to changes in the methodology and estimates produced by data providers. SDG Progress The “headline” SDG Index (SDGi) measures overall country progress using 17 key indicators, one per SDG. This limited number of indicators aims to minimize statistical biases related to missing time-series data across countries. The selection of the 17 indicators was based on three criteria: (1) relevance, with most being official SDG indicators or close proxies produced by UN custodian agencies; (2) statistical considerations, namely the ability of the individual SDGi indicators and the headline total aggregate to closely replicate the goal and SDG Index results through correlation analysis; and (3) data coverage across countries and over time. The 17 headline SDG indicators are listed in Table 2.1. Countries missing data for more than two SDGi indicators were excluded for comparability purposes. A detailed methodology paper is in preparation to elaborate on statistical analyses and testing around the SDGi. Table A.1 New indicators and modifications SDG Indicator Change in 2025 Index Source 2 Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) New indicator UNICEF et al. 5 Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Modification, data now sourced from modeled series produced by UNDESA. UNDESA 9 Total patent applications by applicant's origin (per million population) Modification, data now has global coverage and is sourced from WIPO (previously OECD-only). WIPO 9 Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) Modification, data now sourced from OECD (previously World Bank). World Bank 12 Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) Modification, indicator now measures electronic waste that is not recollected per capita (previously all e-waste generated). UNU-IAS 17 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Modification, data now has global coverage and is sourced from the Atlas of the Offshore World (previously OECD-only). Atlas of the Offshore World Source: Authors
- 62. 50 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES Methodology (overview) The SDG Index provides a comprehensive assessment of distance to targets based on the most up-to-date data available covering all 193 UN member States. This year’s report includes 102 global indicators and a further 24 additional indicators specifically for OECD countries’ dashboards (due to better data coverage). The following sections provide an overview of the methodology used for indicator selection, normaliza- tion, and aggregation, and for generating indications on trends over time. Additional information including raw data, additional data tables, and sensitivity tests, is available online. Data selection Where possible, we use official SDG indicators endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission. Where there are data gaps or insufficient data available for an official indica- tor, we include other metrics from official and unofficial providers. We used five criteria in selecting indicators suitable for inclusion in the report: 1. Their global relevance and applicability to a broad range of country settings. 2. Statistical adequacy: The indicators represent valid and reliable measures. 3. Timeliness: The indicators are current and published on a timely schedule. 4. Coverage: Data is available for at least 80 percent of UN member states with a population 1 million.1 5. Distance to targets must be measurable (optimal performance can be defined). Data sources The data come from a mix of official and non-official data sources. Most of the data (around two-thirds) come from international organizations (World Bank, OECD, WHO, FAO, ILO, UNICEF, other) which have 1. There is one exception: Children involved in child labor (%) Limitations Due to changes in the indicators and refinements in the methodology, SDG Index rankings and scores from one edition cannot be compared with the results from pre- vious editions. However, Part 2 provides an overview of countries that have exhibited the greatest progress on the SDG Index, measured using the headline indicator set (SDGi). We have also calculated time series for the full SDG Index retroactively, using this year’s indicators and methods, to provide results that are comparable across time. These series are available for download online and on our interactive data visualization at sdgtransformationcenter.org. Despite our best efforts to identify data for the SDGs, however, sever‑al indicator and data gaps persist at the international level. These include issues such as food loss and waste (SDG 2), pre- paredness against global health risks (SDG 3), violence against women (SDG 5), climate adaptation (SDG 13), and a global indicator on policy coherence for sustain- able development (SDG 17). The United Nations has further documented persisting data gaps for tracking SDG progress (Goessmann et al. 2023). To ensure the results are comparable across countries, we do not incorporate estimates received directly from national statistical offices. Rather, we rely on processes in place in international organizations to ensure comparability. As a result, some data points presented in this report may differ from data available from national sources. Moreover, the length of the validation processes by international organizations can lead to significant delays in publishing some data. National statistical offices may therefore have more recent data for some indicators than presented in this report. It should also be noted that countries recently affected by conflict may be particularly prone to outdated data. The indicators that come from science and research have been described and published in peer-reviewed journals.
- 63. 51 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Methodology (overview) extensive and rigorous data validation processes. Other data sources (around one-third) come from less traditional statistics including household surveys (Gallup World Poll), civil society organizations and networks (Oxfam, the Tax Justice Network, the World Justice Project, Reporters Without Borders), peer-reviewed journals (e.g., to track international spillovers), and geographic information systems (GIS). These non- official data sources complement other data sources and help increase data availability and timeliness for key SDG indicators and targets. The full list of indicators and data sources is available in Table A.4 and online. The data for this year’s edition were extracted between March and April 2025. Missing data and imputations To minimize biases from missing data, the SDG Index in general only includes countries that have data for at least 80 percent of the indicators. We make an exception, however, for countries that have been included in previous editions of the SDG Index, as long as they are not missing more than 25 percent of the data. The list of countries excluded from the SDG Index due to missing data is presented in Table A.2. We include all UN member countries in the SDG Dashboards and country profiles, which also indicate where there are gaps in available SDG data for a country. We generally do not impute or model any missing data, apart from a few exceptional circumstances. The list of indicators that include imputed data is available online in the Codebook. Method for constructing the SDG Index and Dashboards The procedure used to calculate the SDG Index comprises three steps: (i) establish performance thresholds and censor extreme values from the distribution of each indicator; (ii) rescale the data to ensure comparability across indicators (normalization); (iii) aggregate the indicators within and across SDGs. Table A.2 Countries excluded from the 2024 SDG Index due to insufficient data Country Percentage of Missing Values Andorra 44.8 Antigua and Barbuda 28.7 Dominica 38.6 Equatorial Guinea 27.7 Eritrea 21.8 Grenada 33.7 Kiribati 34.7 Korea, Dem. Rep. 28.7 Libya 27.7 Liechtenstein 60.4 Marshall Islands 43.6 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 42.6 Monaco 58.4 Nauru 42.6 Palau 45.5 Samoa 25.7 San Marino 56.4 Seychelles 31.7 Solomon Islands 28.7 St. Kitts and Nevis 37.6 St. Lucia 22.8 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 30.7 Timor-Leste 21.8 Tonga 29.7 Tuvalu 44.6 Vanuatu 26.7 Source: Authors
- 64. 52 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES where x is the raw data value; max/min denote the upper and lower bounds, respectively; and x’ is the normalized value after rescaling. The rescaling equation ensured that all rescaled variables were expressed as ascending variables (i.e., higher values denoted better performance). In this way, the rescaled data became easy to interpret and compare across all indicators: a country that scores 50 on a variable is half-way towards achieving the optimum value; a country with a score of 75 has covered three quarters of the distance from worst to best. Weighting and Aggregation Several rounds of expert consultations on earlier drafts of the SDG Index made it clear that there was no consensus across different epistemic communities on assigning higher weights to some SDGs over others. As a normative assumption, we therefore opted to give fixed, equal weight to every SDG, reflecting policymakers’ commitment to treating all SDGs equally and as an integrated and indivisible set of goals. This implies that to improve their SDG Index score, countries need to place attention on all goals, with a particular focus on those they are furthest from achieving and where incremental progress might therefore be expected to be fastest. To compute the SDG Index, we first estimate scores for each goal using the arithmetic mean of indicators for that goal. These goal scores are then averaged across all 17 SDGs to obtain the SDG Index score. The results of various sensitivity tests are available online includ- ing comparisons of arithmetic mean versus geometric mean and Monte-Carlo simulations at the Index and Goal level. Monte-Carlo simulations call for prudence in interpreting small differences in the Index scores and rankings between countries as those may be sensitive to the weighting scheme. Dashboards We introduced additional quantitative thresholds for each indicator to group countries in a “traffic light” table. Thresholds were established based on statistical techniques and through various rounds of consultations with experts conducted since 2016. Establishing Performance thresholds To make the data comparable across indicators, each variable was rescaled from 0 to 100, with 0 denoting worst performance and 100 describing the optimum. Rescaling is sensitive to the choice of limits and to extreme values (outliers) – which could become unin- tended thresholds and introduce spurious variability in the data. Consequently, the choice of upper and lower bounds can affect the relative ranking of countries in the index. The upper bound for each indicator was determined using the following decision tree: 1. Use absolute quantitative thresholds in SDGs and targets: e.g., zero poverty, universal school completion, universal access to water and sanitation, full gender equality. 2. Where no explicit SDG target is available, apply the principle of “Leave-No-One-Behind” to set the upper bound to universal access or zero deprivation. 3. Where science-based targets exist that must be achieved by 2030 or later, use these to set the 100 percent upper bound (e.g., zero greenhouse gas emissions from CO₂ as required by no later than 2050 to stay within 1.5°C, 100 percent sustainable management of fisheries). 4. For all other indicators, use the average of the top 5 performers. These principles interpret the SDGs as “stretch targets” and focus attention on the indicators where a country is lagging behind. The lower bound is defined at the 2.5th percentile of the distribution. Each indicator distribution is censored, so that all values exceeding the upper bound score 100, and values below the lower bound score 0. Normalization After establishing the upper and lower bounds, variables were transformed linearly to a scale between 0 and 100 using the following rescaling formula for the range [0;100]: x´= x 100 x – min(x) max(x) – min(x)
- 65. 53 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Methodology (overview) Averaging across all indicators for an SDG might hide areas of policy concern if a country performs well on most indicators but faces serious shortfalls on one or two metrics within the same SDG (often referred to as the issue “substitutability” or “compensation”). This applies particularly to high-income and upper-mid- dle-income countries that have made significant progress on many SDG dimensions but may face serious shortfalls on individual variables, for example on the sustainability of diets and agriculture within SDG 2. As a result, the SDG Dashboards focus exclusively on the two variables on which a country performs worst. We applied the additional rule that a red rating was assigned only if both the worst-performing indicators score red. Similarly, to score green, both indicators had to be green. The quantitative thresholds used for gen- erating the dashboards are available in Table A.4. SDG Trends Using historic data, we estimate how fast a country has been progressing towards an SDG and determine whether – if extrapolated into the future – this pace will be sufficient to achieve the SDG by 2030. For each indicator, SDG achievement is defined by the green threshold set for the SDG Dashboards. The difference in percentage points between the green threshold and the normalized country score denotes the gap that must be closed to meet that goal. To estimate trends at the indicator level, we calculated the linear annual growth rates (i.e., annual percentage improvements) needed to achieve the target by 2030 (i.e., 2015–2030) which we compared to the average annual growth rate over the most recent period since the adoption of the SDGs in 2015 (e.g. 2015–2024). Progress towards achievement on a particular indicator is described using a 4-arrow system (Figure A.1). Figure A.2 illustrates the methodology graphically. Because time series data is required for these calculations, indicators with only one or very few data points across time could not be used for these analyses. The set of indicators used to gener- ate the trend indications is available in Table A.4. Because projections are based on the longer-term growth rate since 2015, a country might have observed a decline in performance in the past year but still be considered to be on track. This methodology empha- sizes long-term structural changes over time since the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, rather than annual changes which may be cyclical or temporary. Countries that currently exceed an indicator target but have decreased since 2015 are assigned an orange arrow. This is because the country may no longer meet the SDG target in the future if the decreasing trend continues. Status of SDG targets In addition to the SDG Index, Dashboards, and Trends, we also present an assessment of the status of SDG targets for the world. To make this assessment, we only use trend indicators (Table A.4) since time-series data Figure A.1 The Four-arrow system fordenoting SDG trends p 5 D L Decreasing Stagnating Moderately improving On track or Maintaining SDG achievement Decreasing score, i.e. country moves in the wrong direction Score remains stagnant or increases at a rate below 50% of the growth rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030. Also denotes scores that cur- rently exceed the target but have decreased since 2015 Score increases at a rate above 50% of the required growth rate but below the rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030 Score increases at the rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030 or performance has already exceeded SDG achievement threshold
- 66. 54 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES Figure A.2 Graphic representation ofthe methodology forSDG trends Goal achievement Green threshold Performance in 2015 2015 2030 2024 Extrapolated linear annual growth rate 2015–2030 Source: Authors was needed to calculate rates of progress. In the case where the past rate of progress is sufficient to meet the target by 2030 – corresponding to the green arrow “On track or maintaining SDG achievement” — the indi- cator is counted as a target on track. Indicators where past rates of progress are insufficient to meet the SDG target — corresponding to the orange “stagnating” or yellow “moderately improving” arrows — are counted as limited progress. Finally, indicators that are going in the wrong direction — the red arrow “decreasing” — were counted as worsening. For the assessment of the status of SDG targets for the World (popula- tion-weighted average), we only considered as on track those indicators that showed consistent progress both in the long term (since 2015) and in the short term (the most recent year of reference for the indicator). International Spillover Index The 2025 International Spillover Index tracks the impacts of a given country’s actions on others. The Sustainable Development Report 2025 contains 16 spillover indicators (Table A.3). This list includes one indicator that appears only in the dashboards for OECD countries, with the 15 remaining indicators used to calculate the International Spillover Index Score. These indicators can be organized into three categories of international spillovers: 1) environmental and social impacts embodied in trade; 2) economy and finance, and 3) UN-based multilateralism, peace, and security. The International Spillover Index Score is calculated as the arithmetic average of a country’s score on all of the indicators, weighted equally. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where a lower score denotes more negative spillover impacts and a higher score denotes fewer negative spillover impacts.
- 67. 55 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Methodology (overview) Spillover Category SDG Indicator Environmental and social impacts embodied into trade 2 6 8 8 12 12 12 13 14 15 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m³ H₂Oeq/capita) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO₂/capita) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) Imported deforestation (m²/capita) Economy and finance 17 17 17 17 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst)* Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) UN-based multilateralism, peace and security 16 17 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0-100 best) Table A.3 Spilloverindicators and categories *Denotes OECD only indicator Source: Authors
- 68. 56 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum Green threshold Red threshold Lower bound Reference Year Source 1 ✓ Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0 2 13 72.6 2025 World Data Lab 1 ✓ Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0 2 13 51.5 2025 World Data Lab 1 [a] ✓ Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.1 10 15 17.7 2022 OECD 2 ✓ Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 7.5 15 42.3 2022 FAO 2 ✓ Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0 7.5 15 40 2022 UNICEF et al. 2 ✓ Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0 5 10 16.3 2022 UNICEF et al. 2 Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6-23 months (%) 80 70 30 10 2022 UNICEF et al. 2 ✓ Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 2.8 10 25 35.1 2022 WHO 2 ✓ Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.04 2.2 2.4 2.45 2022 Bonhommeau et al. (2013) / updated 2025 2 ✓ Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7 2.5 1.5 0.2 2022 FAO 2 ✓ Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0 0.3 0.7 1.2 2018 Zhang and Davidson (2019) 2 [a] Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77 75 50 28 2023 Global Yield Gap Atlas 2 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0 1 50 250 2022 FAO 3 ✓ Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.4 70 140 814 2023 WHO et al. 3 ✓ Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.1 12 18 39.7 2023 UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 3 ✓ Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 25 50 130.1 2023 UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 3 ✓ Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0 10 75 561 2023 WHO 3 ✓ New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0 0.2 1 5.5 2023 UNAIDS 3 ✓ Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.3 15 25 31 2021 WHO 3 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 0 18 150 368.8 2019 WHO 3 ✓ Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.2 8.4 16.8 33.7 2021 WHO 3 ✓ Life expectancy at birth (years) 83 80 70 54 2023 UNDESA 3 ✓ Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.5 25 50 139.6 2022 WHO Table A.4 Indicators included in the Sustainable Development Report 2025 Legend for Note: [a] denotes OECD-only indicators [b] denotes indicators not used in OECD dashboard but that are used in the calculation of OECD countries’ index scores
- 69. 57 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Methodology (overview) SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum Green threshold Red threshold Lower bound Reference Year Source 3 ✓ Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100 98 90 23.1 2022 UNICEF 3 ✓ Surviving infants who received 2 WHO- recommended vaccines (%) 100 90 80 41 2023 WHO and UNICEF 3 ✓ Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 100 80 60 38.2 2021 WHO 3 ✓ Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.6 6 5 3.3 2024 Gallup 3 [a] ✓ Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 0 3 7 11 2022 OECD 3 [a] ✓ Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 0 20 40 45 2023 OECD 3 [a] ✓ Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 10.1 18 32 35 2023 OECD 4 ✓ Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 100 90 70 35 2023 UNESCO 4 ✓ Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100 97 80 53.8 2023 UNESCO 4 ✓ Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100 90 75 18 2023 UNESCO 4 ✓ Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100 95 85 45.2 2022 UNESCO 4 [a] ✓ Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 52.2 40 10 0 2023 OECD 4 [a] ✓ PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 525.6 493 400 350 2022 OECD 4 [a] ✓ Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 8.3 10.5 20 21.4 2022 OECD 4 [a] ✓ Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 10 15 30 48 2022 OECD 5 ✓ Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 100 80 60 30 2024 UNDESA 5 ✓ Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100 98 75 41.8 2022 UNDP 5 ✓ Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 100 70 50 21.5 2024 ILO 5 ✓ Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50 40 20 1.2 2025 IPU 5 [a] ✓ Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 0 8 20 36.7 2023 OECD 6 ✓ Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100 98 80 40 2022 JMP 6 ✓ Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100 95 75 9.7 2022 JMP 6 ✓ Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 12.5 25 75 100 2022 FAO 6 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100 50 25 15 2021 EPI 6 ✓ Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m³ H₂Oeq/capita) 30 800 3000 8000 2024 UNEP 6 [a] ✓ Population using safely managed water services (%) 100 95 80 10.5 2022 JMP 6 [a] ✓ Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 100 90 65 14.1 2022 JMP Table A.4 (continued)
- 70. 58 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES Table A.4 (continued) SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum Green threshold Red threshold Lower bound Reference Year Source 7 ✓ Population with access to electricity (%) 100 98 80 9.1 2022 IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO 7 ✓ Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100 85 50 2 2022 IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO 7 ✓ CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO₂/TWh) 0 1 1.5 5.9 2023 Global Carbon Project IEA 7 ✓ Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 55 32 10 3 2021 IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO 8 Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 100 75 50 0 2023 World Bank 8 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0 4 10 22 2022 Walk Free Foundation (2018) 8 ✓ Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money- service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 100 80 50 8 2022 Global Findex Database 8 [b] ✓ Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 0.5 5 10 25.9 2025 ILO 8 ✓ Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 0.7 0.5 0.3 2023 World Justice Project 8 ✓ Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0 1 4 10 2018 Alsamawi et al. (2017) 8 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0 20 250 300 2018 Malik et al (2022) 8 [a] ✓ Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.8 60 50 50 2024 OECD 8 [a] ✓ Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 8.1 10 15 28.2 2022 OECD 9 ✓ Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 90 60 35 2025 SDSN (2023), based on Workman, R. McPherson, K., TRL (2019) 9 ✓ Population using the internet (%) 100 80 50 2.2 2023 ITU 9 ✓ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 100 75 40 1.4 2023 ITU 9 ✓ Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.8 3 2 1.6 2023 World Bank 9 ✓ The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 50 30 0 0 2025 Times Higher Education 9 ✓ Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.2 0.7 0.05 0 2023 Scimago Jounal Rank 9 ✓ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.7 1.5 1 0 2023 UNESCO 9 ✓ Total patent applications by applicant's origin (per million population) 600 300 10 0 2023 WIPO 9 [a] ✓ Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.6 8 7 0.8 2022 OECD 9 [a] ✓ Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 0 7 45 63.6 2020 OECD 9 [a] ✓ Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 50 30 20 15 2022 OECD 10 ✓ Gini coefficient 27.5 30 40 63 2022 World Bank 10 ✓ Palma ratio 0.9 1 1.3 2.5 2022 OECD UNDP
- 71. 59 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Methodology (overview) Table A.4 (continued) SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum Green threshold Red threshold Lower bound Reference Year Source 10 [a] ✓ Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 3.2 5 25 45.7 2022 OECD 11 ✓ Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0 5 25 90 2022 UN Habitat 11 ✓ Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 6.3 10 25 87 2023 Washington University in St Louis 11 ✓ Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100 98 75 6.1 2022 WHO and UNICEF 11 [a] ✓ Population with rent overburden (%) 4.6 7 17 25.6 2022 OECD 11 [a] ✓ Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 98 90 50 15 2025 SDSN (2023), based on Nicoletti, L., Sirenko, M., Verma, T. (2023) 11 Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 100 80 50 9 2020 UN-Habitat 12 [b] Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 1 2 3.7 2020 World Bank 12 Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.2 5 10 23.5 2022 UNU-IAS 12 ✓ Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0 2 10 24 2024 UNEP 12 ✓ Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0 2 12 35 2024 UNEP 12 ✓ Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 2 20 50 100 2024 UNEP 12 ✓ Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 0 10 30 90 2024 UNEP 12 ✓ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0 1 5 12 2024 UN Comtrade 12 [a] ✓ Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2022 OECD 13 ✓ CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0 2 4 20 2023 Global Carbon Project 13 ✓ GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO₂/capita) 0 1 4 16 2024 Lenzen et al. (2022) 13 CO₂ emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0 0.5 4 44 2024 UN Comtrade 13 [a] ✓ Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO₂ ( %, worst 0–100 best) 100 70 30 0 2021 OECD 14 ✓ Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 100 85 65 0 2023 Birdlife International et al. 14 ✓ Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 100 80 70 28.6 2024 Ocean Health Index 14 ✓ Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 0 25 50 90.7 2018 Sea around Us 14 ✓ Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1 7 60 90 2019 Sea Around Us 14 ✓ Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0 5 15 20 2019 Sea around Us 14 ✓ Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0 0.2 1 2 2018 Peterson, I. (2018) Lenzen et al. (2012) 15 ✓ Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 100 85 65 0 2023 Birdlife International et al.
- 72. 60 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century ANNEX – METHODS SUMMARY AND DATA TABLES SDG Note Trend Indicator Optimum Green threshold Red threshold Lower bound Reference Year Source 15 ✓ Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100 85 65 0 2023 Birdlife International et al. 15 ✓ Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 1 0.9 0.8 0.6 2023 IUCN and Birdlife International 15 ✓ Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0 0.05 0.5 1.5 2023 Global Forest Watch / Curtis et al. (2018) 15 ✓ Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0 10 30 50 2022 GSCI 16 ✓ Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 1.5 4 38 2023 UNODC 16 ✓ Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 0.8 0.6 0.45 2023 World Justice Project 16 ✓ Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7 30 50 75 2022 UNODC 16 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100 98 75 11 2022 UNICEF 16 ✓ Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.6 60 40 13 2024 Transparency International 16 Children involved in child labor (%) 0 2 10 39.3 2021 UNICEF 16 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population)* 0 0.04 2 3.4 2024 Stockholm Peace Research Institute 16 ✓ Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 88 70 50 40 2025 Reporters sans frontières 16 ✓ Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 0.65 0.5 0.1 2023 World Justice Project 16 ✓ Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 0.7 0.4 0.15 2023 World Justice Project 16 ✓ Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 2023 World Justice Project 16 [a] ✓ Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 25 100 250 475 2022 UNODC 17 ✓ Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15 10 5 0 2023 UNESCO 17 ✓ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 1 0.7 0.35 0.1 2024 OECD 17 ✓ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 40 30 16 10 2023 IMF 17 ✓ Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 40 60 70 100 2024 Tax Justice Network 17 [a] ✓ Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 42.7 45 55 76.5 2022 Tax Justice Network 17 ✓ Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0 1 10 130 2021 Atlas of the Offshore World 17 ✓ Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 100 80 50 25 2023 World Bank 17 Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 90 75 50 30 2025 SDSN *Note: The inclusion of an indicator on the export of major conventional weapons should not be interpreted as a value judgment by the authors on the policies implemented in the context of the war in Ukraine, but rather as an effort to evaluate more generally trends towards disarmament recognized by the UN and civil society organizations as an important priority for peace, socio-economic stability and sustainable development (UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, 2018; Amnesty International, 2008). Source: Authors Table A.4 (continued)
- 73. 61 Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century References References Amnesty International. 2008. Blood at the Crossroads: Making the Case for a Global Arms Trade Treaty. London, UK: Amnesty International Publications. https://controlarms.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ act300112008en.pdf Goessmann, C., P. Idele, K. Jauer, M. Loinig, C. Melamed, and T. Zak. 2023. Pulse of Progress: Mapping the State of Global SDG Data in 2023. United Nations Lafortune, G., G. Fuller, J. Moreno, G. Schmidt-Traub, and C. Kroll. 2018. SDG Index and Dashboards: detailed Methodological paper. Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Paris Papadimitriou, Eleni, Ana Neves, and William Becker. 2019. JRC Statistical Audit of the Sustainable Development Goals Index and Dashboards. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. doi:10.2760/723763, JRC116857 UNODA. 2018. Securing our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. https://front.un-arm.org/wp- content/uploads/2018/06/sg-disarmament-agenda- pubs-page.pdf
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- 76. 64 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 1 7, 13, 19, 25, 31 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 39.4 57.1 2 Afghanistan G D D S D S D G D • G S A • A G S AFGHANISTAN 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Afghanistan + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 49.1 0.8 6% 160
- 77. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 65 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator AFGHANISTAN SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 56.3 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 17.7 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 55.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 1.7 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2023 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 71.6 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 41.7 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 42.3 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 29.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.8 2024 • S Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 9.1 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2019 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.4 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.9 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.93 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.3 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.0 2021 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.47 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.3 2014 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 47.8 2023 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 17.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 19.3 2023 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 17.9 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.39 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.5 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.0 2017 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 57.1 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 47.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 49.8 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 73.0 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 30.4 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 44.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.6 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 14.8 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 19.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.3 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 520.5 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34.3 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 55.5 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 180.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 32.7 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 266 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 24.1 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.0 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 62.0 2021 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 67.5 2023 • S Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 55 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 40.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 1.4 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) • • • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) • • • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 59.7 2019 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 62.7 2022 • S SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 49.5 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 30.0 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 7.3 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.0 2022 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 82.2 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 56.0 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 54.8 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,411.8 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 85.3 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 36.1 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 11.3 2023 • G Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.3 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 23.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 13.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 9.7 2021 • G Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 12.7 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.37 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 5.8 2018 • •
- 78. 66 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 2 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 64.9 85.1 1 Albania A D S D S S A D S A S D D D D D D ALBANIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Albania + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 75.2 6.6 4% 45
- 79. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 67 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ALBANIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 83.1 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 74.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2023 • S Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2008 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 25.0 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.4 2020 • A Palma ratio 1.1 2020 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 2.7 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 15.2 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 83.7 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.1 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 42.2 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 12.7 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.0 2016 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.8 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.3 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.3 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 60.5 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 75.2 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 23.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 48.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 96.6 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 5.4 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.4 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 56.5 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.4 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 42.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 3.3 2010 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 58.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.51 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.5 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.0 2021 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 85.1 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 68.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.6 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.5 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 11.3 2017 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.6 2017 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 52.5 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 23.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6.9 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 10.0 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 92 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 10.8 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.6 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 11.8 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2022 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 63.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.4 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.4 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.1 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 91.7 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 34.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 94.0 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.7 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.1 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.3 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.8 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 49.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,177.7 2024 • G SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 84.6 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.6 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 41.9 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 76.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 11.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 44.2 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 10.3 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 26.9 2018 • •
- 80. 68 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Middle East and North Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 3 9, 15, 21, 27, 33 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 45.1 62.7 1 Algeria A S D S G D S D S • D A S D D D D ALGERIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Algeria + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 65.6 70.1 1.2 1% 79
- 81. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 69 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ALGERIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.8 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 76.9 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 104.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 21.2 2025 • S Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2017 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 31.2 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.6 2011 • • Palma ratio 1.0 2011 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 13.2 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 15.6 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 75.4 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 37.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.5 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.1 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.5 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 15.0 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 8.9 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.9 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 1.6 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 74.5 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 40.5 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 19.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 21.9 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.9 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.92 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 1.3 2023 • G Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.5 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.2 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 12.0 2019 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.6 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 34.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 2.5 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 44.6 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.3 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.7 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 72.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.6 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 1.1 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.8 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.7 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 39.4 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 23.8 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2013 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 62.5 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15.3 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.0 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 47.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 13.3 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 50.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.3 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 11.0 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 74.1 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.6 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 59.0 2024 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.6 2024 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 84.0 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 74.0 2019 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 71.6 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.8 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 21.0 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7.9 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.7 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 85.8 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 144.8 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 41.7 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 844.0 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.7 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.8 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 51.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.9 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 44.1 2021 • G Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 11.2 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 11.0 2018 • •
- 82. 70 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Western Europe International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 1 7, 13, 19, 25, 31 Andorra OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) INSUFFICIENT DATA 2 • G S A S A S • S • A • D • D • D ANDORRA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Andorra + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 NA NA NA 45% NA
- 83. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 71 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ANDORRA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 95.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 107.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 175.1 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 9.3 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) • • • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 27.6 2023 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 26.2 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.96 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2020 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 52.2 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.5 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 63 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.4 2021 • A Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 48.8 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 57.8 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2022 • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 18.1 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) • • • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) • • • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) • • • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2008 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10.6 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.7 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) • • • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) • • • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.5 2021 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 84.0 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 0.5 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 78.9 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.4 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.8 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100.5 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) • • • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.5 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) • • • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50.0 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) • • • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2019 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) • • • • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 18.4 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) • • • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 84. 72 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 4 10, 16, 22, 28 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.4 62.3 2 Angola G D D S D S D S D • D A A D D D D ANGOLA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Angola + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 52.8 3.8 0% 155
- 85. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 73 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ANGOLA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 74.0 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 44.8 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 30.3 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.0 2016 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.1 2019 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 51.3 2018 • • Palma ratio 3.4 2018 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 62.7 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 24.5 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 59.5 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 10.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 4.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 10.8 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.6 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 5.3 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.9 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 52.7 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 11.5 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 27.2 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.0 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.2 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.93 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.1 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.1 2016 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 44.4 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 25.0 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 32.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 18.7 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 52.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.34 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.41 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.8 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.8 2019 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.3 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 67.5 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 31.4 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 47.5 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 23.2 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 37.6 2015 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.9 2015 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 29.1 2015 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 183.2 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.6 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 64.0 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 339.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.4 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 24.7 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 143.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 162.7 2014 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 49.6 2016 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 50.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 36.7 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.8 2017 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 68.2 2016 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 87.6 2011 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 44.4 2021 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 83.3 2022 • S SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 37.0 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 62.1 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 93.3 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.1 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 57.7 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 52.2 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.9 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 4.3 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 128.1 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 48.5 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 50.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 9.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 41.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 29.3 2014 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 14.4 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.2 2018 • •
- 86. 74 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 2 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Antigua and Barbuda OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) INSUFFICIENT DATA 1 • D S D D A S • A • S • D D D S S ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Antigua and Barbuda + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 NA NA 29% NA
- 87. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 75 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 77.6 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 51.4 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 659.3 2023 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 9.5 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.0 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 13.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2022 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 18.8 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 64.8 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.7 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.9 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 10.8 2022 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 38.2 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) • • • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.51 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.68 2023 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.9 2022 • S For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.2 2021 • A Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 55.6 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 86.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2022 • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 33.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 34.6 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.4 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.3 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 1.2 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 12.1 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 19.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.5 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 32.5 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.0 2020 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 75.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.1 2014 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.3 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 113.4 2019 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 75.6 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.6 2022 • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) • • • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5.6 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.4 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.4 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 44.4 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.8 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.9 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 69.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) • • • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 88. 76 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 5 11, 17, 23, 29 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 65.5 79.5 3 Argentina D D S S A A D S D D D S S D D D D ARGENTINA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Argentina + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 74.8 5.4 1% 46
- 89. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 77 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ARGENTINA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 92.8 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 89.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 79.6 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.8 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 22.7 2025 • S Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2022 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 14.9 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 40.7 2022 • D Palma ratio 1.9 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 14.5 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 14.7 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.1 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 84.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.5 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.5 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 80.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 4.9 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2017 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.1 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.4 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 85.7 2024 • A Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 61.0 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 47.7 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.0 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 32.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.1 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.4 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 2.8 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.3 2022 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.55 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 40.8 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.7 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 37.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 2.0 2017 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.6 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 17.9 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 33 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 79.5 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 76.3 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.1 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 2.5 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.2 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.7 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.7 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 35.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.3 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 33.2 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.0 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 35.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 13.4 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 30.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.8 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.4 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 27.8 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2020 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 66.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 78.5 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.4 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.5 2022 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 98.9 2022 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.0 2001 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.7 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 104.9 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 73.7 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 42.4 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.0 2016 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 94.8 2016 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 55.0 2019 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 314.1 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.9 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.8 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 68.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 71.6 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.5 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.66 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.1 2018 • •
- 90. 78 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 6 12, 18, 24, 30 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 79.1 85.0 3 Armenia S D S S S S D S S A D D G • D S D ARMENIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Armenia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 74.3 10.4 6% 50
- 91. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 79 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ARMENIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 80.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 103.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.6 2023 • S The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2023 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 65.9 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.9 2022 • A Palma ratio 1.0 2022 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 8.4 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 28.5 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.2 2024 • S Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.8 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.5 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 17.8 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.7 2023 • G GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.4 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 22.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.5 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.84 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.1 2021 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 57.2 2021 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.7 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 47.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 4.1 2015 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 74.0 2025 • A Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2.0 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.5 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 85.0 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 3.9 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.4 2016 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.4 2016 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 36.3 2016 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 24.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.2 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.7 2012 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 19.5 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 10.0 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 25.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.6 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 75.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.6 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.8 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2016 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 68.2 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.5 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 31.9 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.5 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 101.0 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2020 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 46.1 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.8 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 83.0 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38.3 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 94.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 62.0 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 42.9 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,518.7 2024 • G SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 97.9 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 9.1 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 87.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.9 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 55.4 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 13.6 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 34.5 2018 • •
- 92. 80 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 3 9, 15, 21, 27, 33 Australia OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 68.5 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 1 G D S D S S S S S D S S D S D D D AUSTRALIA OECD Countries 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Australia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 77.9 3.1 0% 36
- 93. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 81 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator AUSTRALIA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.3 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.4 2025 • D Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 12.6 2020 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.9 2007 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.2 2007 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 30.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 43.1 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 2.3 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 6.2 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2022 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 8.3 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.5 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.9 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.8 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.7 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 86.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.0 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 10.6 2022 • G Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 9.6 2022 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 8.5 2022 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.2 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.8 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.7 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 54.6 2020 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 497.4 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 14.6 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 26.3 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 85.9 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.6 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.1 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 11.3 2023 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 92.9 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,052.7 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) * 100.0 2022 • • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 95.8 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.4 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.3 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 75.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.3 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.6 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 87.1 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.1 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 7.8 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 97.1 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 128.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.1 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 75.3 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.0 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.9 2021 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 439.4 2023 • D Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.0 2010 • • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 57.0 2008 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 32.2 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.3 2018 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2020 • G Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 22.6 2020 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 5.8 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.0 2019 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 13.8 2021 • S Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 89.3 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 77.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.7 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 12.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 136.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 34.8 2024 • S Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.5 2024 • A Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 14.6 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 7.2 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 42.8 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 19.5 2021 • G SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 84.9 2024 • A Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 38.8 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 15.5 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.0 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.8 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 57.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.6 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 11.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 37.3 2023 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 77.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.6 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 75.2 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.57 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.83 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 161.7 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.6 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2024 • G Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 56.2 2022 • G Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 90.9 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 57.6 2025 • •
- 94. 82 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 4 10, 16, 22, 28 Austria OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 62.1 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 D D S D S S A S A G S D D • D D S OECD Countries AUSTRIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Austria + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 83.0 2.5 2% 6
- 95. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 83 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator AUSTRIA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.5 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.6 2025 • D Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 9.6 2022 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 15.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 69.9 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 15.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.0 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.2 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 17.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.0 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.2 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.1 2022 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 84.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 84.5 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.8 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.0 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 22.9 2023 • G Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 20.6 2019 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 97.7 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.5 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.4 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 43.5 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 486.3 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 19.4 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 24.9 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 88.8 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 95.8 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.4 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36.1 2025 • S Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 12.0 2023 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 96.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,092.6 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 98.9 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 99.7 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 36.0 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.9 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 100.0 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 4.8 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 137.9 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 74.1 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 9.0 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 94.9 2024 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 125.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.9 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 60.0 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.2 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,505.9 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 12.8 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 14.2 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 28.0 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.7 2021 • D Palma ratio 1.0 2022 • G Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 11.6 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 9.5 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Population with rent overburden (%) 12.4 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 98.0 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 96.9 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 4.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 13.0 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 14.1 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 43.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 50.9 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 19.3 2023 • G Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.5 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 8.6 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.2 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 55.9 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.9 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.2 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 27.3 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2023 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.92 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.9 2023 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 67.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 78.1 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.68 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.66 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 96.5 2023 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.4 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.3 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 53 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 54.6 2022 • D Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 92.6 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 75.7 2025 • •
- 96. 84 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 51.8 66.8 4 Azerbaijan A D S S D S D S S • S D D • D G S AZERBAIJAN 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Azerbaijan + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 72.9 4.0 7% 64
- 97. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 85 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator AZERBAIJAN SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 91.7 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 89.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 85.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2014 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2023 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 46.8 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 26.6 2005 • • Palma ratio 1.0 2005 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 26.9 2008 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 20.9 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 83.1 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 5.0 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 31.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 10.2 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.5 2024 • S CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 11.7 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.5 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.94 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.3 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.3 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 93.6 2006 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 22.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 25.5 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.8 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 37.6 2022 • A Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 66.8 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.3 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.5 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 17.8 2013 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.2 2013 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 34.8 2006 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 26.6 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.2 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 18.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 72.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.4 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 125.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.2 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.4 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 37.3 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2022 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 65.7 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.9 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.6 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.5 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 87.6 2023 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2023 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 35.2 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 93.6 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 91.8 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.8 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.6 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.1 2019 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 57.5 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 25.9 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 817.6 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 98.5 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.3 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 68.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 10.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 46.3 2022 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.5 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 16.7 2018 • •
- 98. 86 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 5 11, 17, 23, 29 OECD members The Bahamas Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 71.3 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 3 • D D G S S D D S • A S G S D D S THE BAHAMAS 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 The Bahamas + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 65.2 NA 17% 106
- 99. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 87 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator THE BAHAMAS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 95.4 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 94.8 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 100.0 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.5 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 140.9 2017 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 5.6 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.9 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 17.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.1 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.0 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 41.1 2024 • S Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 19.6 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2019 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.1 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 5.7 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.2 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 69.0 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 30.9 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.7 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 29.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.70 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 21.3 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 32.2 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.6 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) • • • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 65.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.9 2022 • S For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 100 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 4.6 2021 • A Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 49.8 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 79.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2022 • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 47.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • S Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.4 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.9 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 76.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 7.8 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.4 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.2 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 26.4 2013 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.0 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 77.2 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 38.5 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 71.1 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.9 2010 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.9 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.3 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.1 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.0 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.9 2019 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 94.9 2019 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) • • • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 63.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,049.6 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.1 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 54.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 8.4 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.65 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 110.0 2018 • •
- 100. 88 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Middle East and North Africa International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 6 12, 18, 24, 30 OECD members Bahrain Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 73.4 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 • G D G D S S D S • S S D G D D D BAHRAIN 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bahrain + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 65.6 64.4 NA 19% 110
- 101. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 89 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BAHRAIN SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 100.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 141.9 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.6 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 44.6 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.2 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2014 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 45.3 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 42.7 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 21.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 17.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.8 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 15.6 2024 • S Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 26.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 52.5 2024 • S Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.4 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 24.7 2023 • G GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 9.8 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 68.6 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 11.2 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 17.7 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.74 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 8.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 13.8 2022 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 53.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 30.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.5 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 6.4 2021 • S Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 51.6 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2022 • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 36.1 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) • • • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.7 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 16.8 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.4 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 8.6 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.8 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 68.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.3 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.6 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.2 2020 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 76.0 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.0 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 75.2 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.3 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.9 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.0 2023 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 59.8 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 50.0 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.0 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 133.7 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 6,450.3 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.0 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 66.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.7 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 82.6 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.1 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.9 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 117.4 2018 • •
- 102. 90 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 56.8 70.8 3 Bangladesh S S S S D S S D D D G D D D D G D BANGLADESH 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bangladesh + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 63.9 8.3 2% 114
- 103. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 91 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BANGLADESH SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 97.3 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 44.5 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 62.0 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 36.3 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.5 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.4 2022 • D Palma ratio 1.3 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 51.5 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 67.4 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 32.9 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 41.8 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 2.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 4.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.3 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 16.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 4.1 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2015 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.7 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.8 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 28.1 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.2 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 15.1 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.74 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.1 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.3 2018 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 75.6 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 56.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 23.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 6.8 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 33.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.24 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1.9 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 9.5 2021 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 70.8 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 72.7 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 3.3 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 14.8 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 11.9 2022 • S Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 23.6 2022 • S Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 11.0 2022 • S Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 39.1 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 5.3 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.0 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 115.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17.9 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 30.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 221.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 18.1 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 144.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.6 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.7 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 68.0 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.8 2022 • S Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 51.6 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.9 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 18.7 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.1 2023 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 78.2 2023 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.0 2021 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 74.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 84.2 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 54.5 2024 • S Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.9 2024 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.1 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 59.3 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 19.4 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 338.0 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.4 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 28.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.3 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 81.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 52.8 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.0 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 7.2 2018 • •
- 104. 92 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World Barbados East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 90.7 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 • D S G S S S • S • A • D S D D G BARBADOS 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Barbados + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 69.6 NA 24% 82
- 105. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 93 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BARBADOS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.2 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 80.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 62.3 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 2,729.9 2021 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 12.0 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 14.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 4.2 2024 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.3 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 2.9 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 67.8 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 39.3 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.3 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 1.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 15.2 2022 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 52.6 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.7 2012 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) 1.4 2012 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.40 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.9 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 5.2 2021 • D Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.5 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 92.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.5 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.7 2012 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.8 2012 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 38.0 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.8 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 34.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6.9 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 10.0 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.0 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 19.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 10.0 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.2 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 47.6 2007 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.4 2020 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 76.9 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 70.5 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 85.5 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.5 2023 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2012 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 74.8 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 113.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.7 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.7 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.5 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.1 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 87.5 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 48.2 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.4 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 52.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.3 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 106. 94 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 67.7 78.7 3 Belarus A D S G D S S D S A A D D • A G S BELARUS 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Belarus + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 78.5 5.9 1% 32
- 107. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 95 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BELARUS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 91.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 103.7 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • D Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.6 2023 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 112.1 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 24.4 2020 • A Palma ratio 0.8 2020 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) • • • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 10.7 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.2 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 88.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.3 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 13.1 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 74.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 9.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.6 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.1 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.4 2020 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 87.9 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 90.1 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.98 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 5.0 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2019 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 9.2 2018 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 33.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 4.1 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 25.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.26 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.5 2023 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 28.2 2023 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 78.7 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 54.1 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.3 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.6 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.5 2005 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2005 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 69.6 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.0 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 0.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 27.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 23.8 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 70.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.4 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 11.7 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2022 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 78.6 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.8 2021 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.2 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.3 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 92.8 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2019 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.4 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 81.1 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 33.9 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.2 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.6 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 59.6 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 466.7 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.7 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 75.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 11.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 81.2 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.3 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 3.3 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 126.7 2018 • •
- 108. 96 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Belgium OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 52.6 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S S S S S A S D D D D D D BELGIUM OECD Countries 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Belgium + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 80.7 2.7 3% 18
- 109. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 97 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator BELGIUM SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.3 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.9 2022 • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.6 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.4 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 20.0 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.6 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77.2 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 40.2 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.8 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 7.5 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.2 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.1 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.5 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 85.6 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.9 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.6 2022 • A Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 25.9 2023 • S Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 15.4 2018 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.6 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.8 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 91.0 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 50.0 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 486.3 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 21.8 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 25.0 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 90.5 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.6 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.3 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 0.9 2022 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.5 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 51.9 2022 • G Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 84.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,355.9 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.7 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 94.9 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.7 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 74.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.0 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 4.9 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 138.2 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 66.8 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 6.9 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 94.6 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 97.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.1 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 67.7 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.1 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.4 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,202.6 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.9 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 18.3 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 27.5 2022 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 26.6 2021 • A Palma ratio 0.9 2022 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 7.7 2022 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2003 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 8.5 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 15.5 2022 • S Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.7 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 94.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 11.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 15.8 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 41.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 64.8 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 29.8 2024 • G Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2022 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 7.1 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 9.8 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 51.2 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 96.9 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 30.2 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 40.3 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 34.3 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 75.8 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 85.5 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.98 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 41.0 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2021 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 37.4 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 69.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.6 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 80.1 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.65 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 91.1 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.4 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2024 • S Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 64 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 52.5 2022 • G Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 38.4 2021 • G Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 90.5 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 64.4 2025 • •
- 110. 98 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.7 65.1 2 Belize D S S G S S D G S • D S S D D D S BELIZE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Belize + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 67.0 NA 8% 98
- 111. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 99 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BELIZE SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.5 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 72.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 43.8 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 34.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 15.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 16.1 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.4 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.9 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 36.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 12.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.6 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.6 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.8 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.2 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 68.3 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.4 2011 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.8 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 15.3 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.78 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.5 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.3 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 28.1 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.70 2023 • S Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.4 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 95.7 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Children involved in child labor (%) 3.3 2013 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.41 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.9 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.8 2017 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.3 2021 • A Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 65.1 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 82.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 15.1 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 26.4 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.6 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 15.0 2015 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.8 2015 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 57.8 2015 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 42.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.5 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • A Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 2.8 2016 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 66.8 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 27.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.4 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 15.4 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 41.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.5 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 51.2 2021 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.6 2020 • S Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 67.6 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.7 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 53.1 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 88.4 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 68.3 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 97.9 2015 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 71.7 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 104.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 65.8 2024 • S Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.6 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.4 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.3 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 31.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 797.0 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 98.6 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 82.5 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 20.1 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 60.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 48.2 2014 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.9 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 26.4 2018 • •
- 112. 100 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.5 68.0 3 Benin A D D G S S S S D A D S A D D D S BENIN 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Benin + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 57.8 14.5 4% 134
- 113. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 101 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BENIN SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 78.0 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 32.2 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 50.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.5 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 31.6 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.4 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.4 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 64.0 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 35.5 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 47.8 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 39.3 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.6 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 11.7 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.4 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 13.1 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.5 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 66.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 59.9 2021 • S Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 92.6 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 45.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 19.9 2022 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 54.6 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.51 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.39 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.46 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.9 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.0 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 64.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 8.8 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 27.7 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 10.3 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 34.1 2021 • G Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.3 2021 • G Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 22.0 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • A Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 518.2 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.0 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 77.9 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 51.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.8 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 202.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 24.8 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 60.8 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 83.9 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 80.8 2022 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 52.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 37.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 76.5 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 90.4 2022 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 29.1 2022 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 66.4 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 37.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 46.8 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 96.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.6 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 67.4 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 19.5 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 310.5 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 56.5 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 6.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 5.6 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 9.4 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 53.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 48.6 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.8 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 11.5 2018 • •
- 114. 102 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.2 63.1 3 Bhutan A D S G S S S D S • S S D • D D D BHUTAN 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bhutan + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 70.5 30.481 7.5 13% 74
- 115. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 103 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BHUTAN SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 88.6 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 88.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 96.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2023 • S Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 28.5 2022 • • Palma ratio 1.0 2022 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 44.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 24.6 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.4 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.7 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 25.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 14.5 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 30.7 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 3.6 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 47.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 34.8 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 6.5 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.5 2020 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 14.2 2019 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.9 2010 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 72.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) 3.5 2010 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 32.6 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.0 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 20.0 2020 • S Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.1 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 59.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.6 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) • • • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 33.5 2010 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.9 2010 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 15.5 2015 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 12.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.4 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 46.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.7 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 23.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 164.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 15.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 94.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.2 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.0 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 10.4 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.9 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 60.4 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.1 2018 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 42.1 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.5 2024 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 61.6 2022 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.0 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 81.0 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 82.3 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.2 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4.3 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.1 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 77.9 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.4 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 14.4 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 453.9 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 88.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.9 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 65.0 2022 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 33.7 2014 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.8 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 32.9 2018 • •
- 116. 104 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 57.4 72.5 1 Bolivia S G D S D S S S S S G S S • D G A BOLIVIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bolivia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 67.8 5.3 0% 94
- 117. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 105 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BOLIVIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 88.2 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 70.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 91.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • S The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2009 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.2 2022 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 40.9 2021 • S Palma ratio 1.9 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 46.6 2014 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 33.1 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 85.9 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 27.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 17.7 2024 • G Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.8 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 44.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 3.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.8 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 2.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.4 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.9 2023 • G Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.0 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2023 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 66.2 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 91.9 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 28.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 13.6 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 54.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.46 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.40 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.40 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.5 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.3 2007 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 72.5 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 74.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 5.8 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 23.0 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.1 2016 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.0 2016 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 70.5 2016 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 28.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2019 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 146.4 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.2 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 23.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 105.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 19.9 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 77.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.6 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 71.0 2015 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 71.5 2022 • G Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 67.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 65.1 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.9 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 87.1 2023 • S Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.8 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.4 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2021 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 61.4 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 87.8 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.2 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.2 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.1 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 68.6 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 14.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 207.8 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 89.1 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.0 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.8 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 61.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 68.9 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.9 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 8.7 2018 • •
- 118. 106 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 55.4 69.4 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina A S S S D D S S S • S D D D D D S BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 73.8 4.2 5% 57
- 119. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 107 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 83.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 69.9 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.6 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2023 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 23.6 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.0 2011 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2011 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 4.0 2014 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 24.8 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 97.6 2018 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 66.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 17.3 2024 • G Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.0 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 45.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 14.2 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.3 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.9 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 48.5 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.2 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.5 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.2 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 30.6 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.5 2006 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 33.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2023 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.46 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.9 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 36.7 2023 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 69.4 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 66.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.9 2012 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.3 2012 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • S Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6.2 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.5 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.0 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 24.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.2 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 114.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.7 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 9.7 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 55.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 66.5 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.1 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 37.5 2023 • S Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.9 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 87.8 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 41.8 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.1 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 65.3 2024 • S Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 19.1 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.1 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.4 2018 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.9 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 794.3 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 41.1 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 36.6 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 79.5 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 10.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 79.3 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 10.7 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 31.1 2018 • •
- 120. 108 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 49.3 63.3 2 Botswana D D S S S S D D S • D D D • D D D BOTSWANA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Botswana + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 64.5 6.5 3% 109
- 121. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 109 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BOTSWANA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 82.6 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 81.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 111.9 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.1 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 27.9 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2023 • S Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.6 2013 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 9.0 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 53.3 2015 • • Palma ratio 3.8 2015 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 39.6 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 17.4 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.5 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 69.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.0 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.7 2024 • S Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 24.4 2024 • S Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 12.9 2024 • S Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2023 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.5 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 3.6 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.4 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 52.1 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.98 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 12.9 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 11.4 2021 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 22.5 2021 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 57.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 57.6 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.70 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.4 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 29.5 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 53 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.3 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 78.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 13.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 26.8 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 24.3 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 28.9 2007 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.3 2007 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 18.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.7 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 155.1 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20.9 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 39.6 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 244.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 1.9 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 19.0 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 141.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.5 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.2 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 50.2 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 55.2 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.4 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 33.0 2014 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.5 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.1 2022 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 97.5 2013 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 86.4 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.9 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 86.9 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.7 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.6 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 80.6 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 36.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 574.6 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 75.9 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 66.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.6 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 64.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 58.8 2022 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 22.9 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 27.3 2018 • •
- 122. 110 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 74.3 80.6 2 Brazil D G D S S S A S S G S S S D D D D BRAZIL 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Brazil + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 73.8 4.6 1% 54
- 123. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 111 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BRAZIL SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 97.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 84.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 97.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.2 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 49.9 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.1 2020 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 34.2 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 52.0 2022 • G Palma ratio 3.6 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 14.9 2016 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 14.4 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.8 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 86.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.0 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.4 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 56.5 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 4.7 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.3 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.9 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 1.1 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.7 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 62.4 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 14.1 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 16.2 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 33.7 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.6 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.5 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.8 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 21.1 2022 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.57 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 26.9 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.4 2015 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 34.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 1.8 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.66 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.26 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.6 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.6 2023 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 38 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 80.6 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 79.1 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 5.8 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 9.9 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.9 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.0 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 63.3 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 28.1 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.9 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.4 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 66.9 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.6 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 49.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.5 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 29.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.8 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 42.6 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.2 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 87.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 80.4 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.5 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 90.0 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.0 2022 • S Lower secondary completion rate (%) • • • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.3 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 89.8 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 105.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 72.8 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.1 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.6 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 90.9 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 52.0 2019 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 442.0 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 96.5 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.7 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 42.9 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 62.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 84.0 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.6 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 6.5 2018 • •
- 124. 112 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Brunei Darussalam OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 69.0 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 • D S D S S S D S • A D G D D G D BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Brunei Darussalam + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 68.0 30.481 NA 20% 92
- 125. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 113 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BRUNEI DARUSSALAM SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.6 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 99.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 118.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.5 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 40.5 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.7 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2018 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 2.2 2022 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 9.8 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 19.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 16.0 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 9,036.2 2024 • G Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 74.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 26.1 2023 • G GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 9.3 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 59.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 5.4 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 62.6 2024 • S Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.9 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 14.2 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 29.7 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2013 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.1 2016 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.9 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.0 2020 • • Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 53.5 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.1 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.2 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 69.3 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2022 • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 19.7 2009 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.9 2009 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 31.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2013 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.8 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.4 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 36.4 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.9 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 65.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 20.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.6 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 9.0 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 78.3 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 73.9 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.4 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.4 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) • • • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.0 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 72.9 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11.8 2025 • • SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.5 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 68.1 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 5,162.0 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.1 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 70.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.1 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 3.3 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 151.6 2018 • •
- 126. 114 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Bulgaria Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 79.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A S S D D D S S S G S D D D S D S BULGARIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Bulgaria + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 76.3 5.0 3% 41
- 127. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 115 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BULGARIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 80.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 118.0 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.1 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 21.2 2025 • S Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.1 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.8 2022 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 78.2 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 39.0 2021 • G Palma ratio 1.7 2021 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2005 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 17.4 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.6 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 90.8 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 2.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 20.5 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 5.1 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 53.5 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 21.8 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.2 2023 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.4 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 3.6 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.1 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.7 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 47.6 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 73.2 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.6 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.3 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.7 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.94 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 5.4 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 8.5 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 43.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.2 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.60 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.53 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.5 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 56 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.4 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.6 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.9 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.0 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.0 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 20.6 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • A Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 5.6 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 25.6 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 63.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 38.7 2022 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.5 2021 • S Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 73.5 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.6 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.5 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.3 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 96.0 2022 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.1 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.4 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 80.8 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.3 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.1 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.1 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 40.2 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 54.6 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,658.9 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) • • • • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 20.4 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 87.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 84.0 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.0 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.66 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.0 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 45.5 2018 • •
- 128. 116 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 49.1 74.3 2 Burkina Faso D D S D D D D D D G D S D • S D • BURKINA FASO 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Burkina Faso + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 53.8 7.6 2% 150
- 129. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 117 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BURKINA FASO SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 61.9 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 17.0 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 85.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2021 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 4.4 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.4 2021 • G Palma ratio 1.6 2021 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 87.9 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 33.7 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 77.6 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 34.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.2 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 64.5 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.99 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.69 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 29.9 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 84.8 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 41.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 41.5 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 52.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.33 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.37 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.0 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.7 2022 • S Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 74.3 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 60.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 24.6 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 57.4 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 15.4 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.6 2021 • S Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.3 2021 • G Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 19.1 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 6.8 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.2 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2019 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 241.8 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.5 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 77.3 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 43.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 23.4 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 201.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 27.8 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 61.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 92.9 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.8 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 39.6 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 18.6 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 58.0 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 27.6 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 53.6 2022 • D SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 66.1 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 52.9 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.7 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.3 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 49.5 2022 • G Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 24.8 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.8 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 118.2 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 19.5 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 17.2 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 3.6 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.7 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 54.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.7 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 36.1 2021 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.0 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2018 • •
- 130. 118 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2023 47.3 2016 50.1 1 Burundi G D D D S S D S D • S S D • D G G BURUNDI 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Burundi + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 55.5 2.5 7% 144
- 131. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 119 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator BURUNDI SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 65.2 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 11.1 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 10.3 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.0 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2018 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.1 2022 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.5 2020 • • Palma ratio 1.6 2020 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 36.8 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 31.2 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 90.9 2022 • S Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.1 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.1 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 5.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 0.6 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2022 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 62.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.6 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.4 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 5.7 2016 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 54.2 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 83.5 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 17.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 30.9 2017 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 45.4 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.4 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 17.6 2021 • S Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 47.3 2023 • G Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 50.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 81.8 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 97.6 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) • • • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 55.8 2022 • D Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.9 2022 • A Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 18.5 2016 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 5.0 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.0 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.5 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 392.0 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.6 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 49.2 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 94.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 24.8 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 206.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 58.2 2015 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 75.2 2022 • G Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 41.5 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.8 2020 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 44.0 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 79.4 2020 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 28.9 2020 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 93.6 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 50.4 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 64.9 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 103.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38.2 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 62.4 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 45.7 2022 • G Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 33.7 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 10.3 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.1 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.8 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.5 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 26.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 7.1 2014 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 0.9 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 1.5 2018 • •
- 132. 120 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 53.0 60.5 2 Cabo Verde A D S S S S S • D • S • D D • S S CABO VERDE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Cabo Verde + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 67.3 NA 28% 95
- 133. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 121 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CABO VERDE SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.2 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 73.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 100.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2011 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 3.4 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 42.4 2015 • • Palma ratio 2.1 2015 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 46.4 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 14.7 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.4 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 65.7 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 0.4 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.7 2006 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 14.4 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 12.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 7.0 2020 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.3 2018 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 91.4 2010 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 75.0 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.0 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.6 2020 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.5 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 79.5 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.8 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 6.6 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.6 2022 • S Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 15.8 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.0 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 40.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 11.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 47.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.5 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.2 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.5 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.1 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 40.0 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.3 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 71.2 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.0 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.3 2021 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 90.4 2021 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.4 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 91.8 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.2 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 44.4 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 89.9 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 83.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 59.7 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 16.5 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.1 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 83.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.3 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 60.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 11.8 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 134. 122 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 51.5 65.0 2 Cambodia • D D S D S A D D • D D D D D D D CAMBODIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Cambodia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 66.4 30.481 10.0 5% 101
- 135. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 123 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CAMBODIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 91.8 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 60.7 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 109.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2015 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.8 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 42.3 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 21.1 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 77.1 2022 • S Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.5 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.2 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.6 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 28.6 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 4.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.9 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2020 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 57.2 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 46.9 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 61.4 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 54.5 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.0 2023 • S Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 1.5 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 2.0 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.8 2011 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 28.7 2018 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 91.7 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 21.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 12.6 2012 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 28.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.35 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.28 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.1 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.3 2021 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 65.0 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 72.2 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.6 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 21.9 2021 • S Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.6 2021 • D Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 48.6 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 4.4 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.7 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.7 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 137.4 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.9 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 335.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 22.6 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 163.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.8 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 48.0 2020 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.7 2022 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 79.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 58.0 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.3 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 60.6 2023 • S Net primary enrollment rate (%) 92.2 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 61.8 2023 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.0 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 62.1 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 70.5 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13.6 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 78.0 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 76.7 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 403.0 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 92.3 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 53.5 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 24.4 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 63.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 33.4 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 0.3 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.3 2018 • •
- 136. 124 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 53.0 58.5 2 Cameroon D D S D D D D S D S D D S S D D D CAMEROON 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Cameroon + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 57.8 7.6 5% 133
- 137. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 125 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CAMEROON SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 75.5 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 41.9 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 24.5 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 26.0 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 42.2 2021 • S Palma ratio 2.1 2021 • S SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 32.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 54.2 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 59.5 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 10.4 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 2.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.4 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.5 2021 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 31.7 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.2 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.5 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 35.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.6 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.84 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.7 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2020 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 61.9 2021 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 61.9 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 26.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 38.9 2014 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 42.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.53 2023 • S Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.29 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.3 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.7 2021 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 58.5 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 56.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 19.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 35.8 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.7 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 28.9 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.3 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 19.8 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 14.9 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 258.2 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 67.2 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 150.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 24.3 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 207.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 10.6 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 105.3 2020 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.0 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 71.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 43.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.9 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 40.6 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.3 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 34.7 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 86.2 2020 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 50.6 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 74.5 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.3 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 33.9 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 69.6 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 43.1 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.6 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 183.8 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 71.0 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 29.4 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 18.9 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 56.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.7 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.4 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 4.8 2018 • •
- 138. 126 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Canada OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 69.6 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S D S S A D D D D S D D S OECD Countries CANADA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Canada + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 79.2 2.1 0% 25
- 139. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 127 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator CANADA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.3 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 11.9 2022 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 26.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 2.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 11.8 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.8 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2020 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.7 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 8.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.6 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.9 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.6 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 91.0 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.8 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 10.8 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 13.0 2022 • A Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 9.4 2022 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.0 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.7 2022 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.9 2016 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 67.0 2022 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 506.4 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.2 2022 • D Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 21.6 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 92.4 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.7 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 30.9 2025 • S Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 16.1 2023 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.2 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.6 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 84.0 2017 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,182.9 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.0 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 83.9 2022 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 23.8 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 70.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.6 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.9 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 84.3 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 74.7 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 9.6 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 94.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 83.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.3 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 80.9 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.7 2023 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 642.8 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.9 2021 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 52.4 2007 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.4 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.7 2019 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2022 • A Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 11.6 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 9.6 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.3 2022 • D Population with rent overburden (%) 19.8 2019 • D Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 83.1 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 91.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 17.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.3 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 9.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 106.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 34.2 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 4.5 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 14.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 6.4 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 17.3 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 48.7 2021 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 39.8 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 86.7 2024 • A Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.3 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 36.4 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.1 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.9 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 23.2 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.97 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 19.8 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.3 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 46.9 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 75.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 78.8 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.78 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 91.6 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.1 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.3 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 51.2 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 93.5 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.1 2025 • •
- 140. 128 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.3 2 Central African Republic INSUFFICIENT DATA D D D • D D D D G • D S D • S • D CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Central African Republic + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 45.2 5.5 12% 166
- 141. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 129 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 49.8 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 7.5 2019 • • Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 5.3 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.6 2023 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2023 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 3.0 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 43.0 2021 • • Palma ratio 2.2 2021 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 68.9 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 31.9 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 31.3 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.2 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.2 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 74.2 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.8 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.94 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • G Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.5 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 44.8 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 24.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 26.9 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.7 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 9.2 2021 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 47.3 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 52.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 59.7 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 79.0 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 23.5 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 39.8 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.4 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 26.6 2010 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 9.3 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 691.7 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30.7 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 92.2 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 540.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 30.8 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 305.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 25.9 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 57.4 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 184.4 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 40.3 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 41.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 32.3 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.5 2019 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 5.8 2011 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.8 2017 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 11.0 2017 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 38.3 2020 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 39.1 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 49.1 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.4 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11.4 2025 • • SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 36.3 2022 • G Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 13.8 2022 • G Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 35.7 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 15.7 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.0 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 2.4 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 49.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 13.8 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.9 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.6 2018 • •
- 142. 130 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 28.5 56.4 3 Chad G D D D D S D D D • D S S • D • S CHAD 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Chad + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 46.0 6.7 14% 165
- 143. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 131 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CHAD SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 41.4 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 13.2 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 5.8 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2016 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.9 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.4 2022 • • Palma ratio 1.6 2022 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 82.0 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 47.5 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 46.5 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 43.7 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 61.4 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.6 2023 • G Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.5 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 25.7 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 21.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 39.0 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 51.9 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.5 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.4 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 53.7 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 32.4 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 66.1 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 35.1 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.9 2022 • S Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.8 2022 • A Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 48.8 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 6.7 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 747.5 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31.4 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 101.1 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 139.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.3 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 23.4 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 227.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.4 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 55.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 138.5 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 47.2 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 63.0 2023 • S Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 29.4 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 16.9 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 73.3 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 19.2 2021 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 36.1 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 26.2 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 37.3 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 67.1 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34.0 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 52.0 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 12.9 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 48.6 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 11.7 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 9.5 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 7.9 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 26.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.9 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 23.7 2022 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.1 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2018 • •
- 144. 132 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Chile Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 86.9 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 3 S D S D S S S S S D D D D D D G S CHILE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Chile + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 78.1 5.9 2% 35
- 145. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 133 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CHILE SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.0 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 16.3 2022 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.8 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.3 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 38.9 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.1 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • S Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 13.3 2016 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 9.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.6 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 7.2 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 18.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.4 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 18.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 10.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.2 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 15.6 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 82.3 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.4 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.8 2022 • A Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 15.2 2021 • A Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 17.6 2020 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 91.8 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.7 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 99.3 2022 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.3 2022 • D Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 33.7 2017 • • PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 434.4 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.5 2022 • A Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 55.7 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 85.4 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.3 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 73.1 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.1 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 13.6 2023 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 9.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 1,319.8 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 98.8 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 95.3 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 24.2 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 67.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 87.1 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.4 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 35.7 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 64.1 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 21.1 2020 • G SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 96.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 94.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 109.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.8 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 35.0 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.9 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2021 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 46.5 2023 • G Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 1.5 2021 • D Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 7.5 2017 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 20.9 2022 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 43.0 2022 • D Palma ratio 2.4 2022 • D Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 16.2 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 30.0 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.9 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 46.2 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 95.2 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 90.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.8 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 5.4 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 45.6 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 25.7 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2023 • A Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2018 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 3.6 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 14.1 2021 • G SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 79.2 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.3 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.6 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 33.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 47.3 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.76 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 27.3 2022 • S SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2022 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.74 2023 • S Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.2 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.4 2011 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 0.0 2012 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2022 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.65 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.51 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.76 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 229.9 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.1 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 59.8 2022 • D Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 86.8 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 85.3 2025 • •
- 146. 134 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 54.0 59.5 2 China A D S • D S S S A S S D G D D S D CHINA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 China + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 74.4 30.481 6.0 6% 49
- 147. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 135 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CHINA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.2 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 77.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 128.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.0 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 87.8 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.7 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.6 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,153.2 2023 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.7 2021 • S Palma ratio 1.5 2021 • S SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) • • • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 31.9 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 94.0 2022 • S Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 56.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 22.0 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.1 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 34.7 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 9.1 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 8.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.0 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 7.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 42.4 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 25.5 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 48.2 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.7 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 10.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 9.6 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 6.3 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2020 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.7 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 43.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 14.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.68 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.0 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.0 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 60 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 59.5 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 55.8 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.5 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.9 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.8 2017 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.9 2017 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 60.6 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 8.3 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.4 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.7 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 16.3 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.2 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 52.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 15.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 95.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.4 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.0 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.1 2020 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2016 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 81.0 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.9 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) • • • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) • • • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 104.9 2012 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2020 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 92.0 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 87.0 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 83.8 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.5 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.6 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.9 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 41.5 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 49.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 405.2 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 87.8 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.7 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 79.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 88.7 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.5 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.32 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 8.5 2018 • •
- 148. 136 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD COUNTRIES Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 71.6 87.3 4 Colombia G D S D S S S D S • G D S G D D S COLOMBIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Colombia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 70.5 5.5 1% 75
- 149. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 137 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator COLOMBIA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 13.0 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 19.8 2025 • G Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) NA NA • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.2 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.7 2016 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.6 2016 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 68.6 2016 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 23.6 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.3 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.2 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 59.4 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6.5 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.0 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 46.0 2023 • G New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.3 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 10.3 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 31.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.2 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.7 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 47.2 2022 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.5 2021 • G Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 79.6 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.0 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 15.1 2021 • G Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.1 2019 • • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 13.0 2013 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 97.6 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 92.7 2022 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 80.5 2023 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.9 2022 • A Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 30.0 2020 • S PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 400.8 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 16.2 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 71.2 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 87.0 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.7 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 68.0 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29.4 2025 • S Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 1.9 2023 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.5 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 94.7 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.6 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 20.2 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 624.4 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 73.9 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 18.4 2022 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 93.6 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 29.7 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 67.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 59.7 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.2 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 62.9 2024 • D Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 24.4 2022 • G SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 83.6 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 77.3 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 85.9 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.9 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 32.6 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2020 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 8.4 2023 • G Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) NA NA • • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 56.4 2022 • D Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.6 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 54.8 2022 • G Palma ratio NA NA • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) NA NA • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 9.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 18.2 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 94.9 2022 • G Population with rent overburden (%) 49.5 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 81.4 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 67.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.6 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.0 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 35.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 8.4 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2023 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.0 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.0 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 4.6 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 21.2 2021 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 67.3 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 51.1 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 26.4 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.9 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 58.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 55.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.74 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 3.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 25.3 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.47 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 22.7 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.8 2015 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 39.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 7.1 2022 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2020 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 49.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.34 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 189.4 2022 • S SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.0 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 24.8 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 54.3 2022 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 87.3 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 78.3 2025 • •
- 150. 138 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 0.0 0.0 2 Comoros INSUFFICIENT DATA D D D G D D D • D • D • D G D • D COMOROS 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Comoros + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 54.7 NA 24% 148
- 151. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 139 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator COMOROS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 67.7 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 35.7 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 82.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.2 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 45.3 2014 • • Palma ratio 2.5 2014 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 48.5 2022 • S Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 9.5 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 76.1 2019 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.5 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 13.7 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 40.9 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 6.6 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 52.3 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 57.4 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 95.1 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 21.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 9.1 2022 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 59.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.3 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.7 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 19.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 36.7 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 16.9 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.1 2012 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 11.2 2012 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 21.5 2012 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 16.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.8 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 178.9 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22.5 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 39.8 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 35.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.2 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 165.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.0 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.8 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 74.4 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.2 2022 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 48.1 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.8 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 37.6 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 79.6 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 50.1 2021 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 82.0 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 27.0 2024 • G Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 71.5 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.7 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 80.2 2019 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 35.9 2019 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.8 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 89.9 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 9.6 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 3.3 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.4 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 45.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 34.3 2022 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.8 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 152. 140 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 52.4 2 Congo, Dem. Rep. INSUFFICIENT DATA D G D S D D D D D • D S D D D G D CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Congo Dem. Rep. + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 48.2 5.1 4% 162
- 153. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 141 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 141 Performance by Indicator CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 51.3 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 30.5 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 28.3 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2015 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.8 2020 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 44.7 2020 • • Palma ratio 2.4 2020 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 78.4 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 33.6 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 67.4 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 16.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 3.7 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.7 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.0 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 32.7 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 52.5 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.5 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 75.0 2021 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 40.1 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 20.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 14.7 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 42.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.35 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.27 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.7 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 14.2 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 52.4 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 53.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 69.9 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 86.6 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 37.0 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 41.8 2017 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.4 2017 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 15.2 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 6.6 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 427.0 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.3 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 73.2 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 316.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 25.1 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 210.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 61.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 109.0 2016 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 85.2 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 52.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 41.7 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.5 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 20.4 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) • • • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 57.4 2020 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 88.1 2022 • S SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 35.6 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 66.3 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.9 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13.0 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 35.1 2022 • G Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 16.2 2022 • G Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 107.9 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 21.5 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 4.3 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.3 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.8 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 59.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 27.4 2022 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.6 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.0 2018 • •
- 154. 142 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 42.3 43.2 2 Congo, Rep. G D D • D S D S D • D S S S S G D CONGO, REPUBLIC OF 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Congo, Rep. + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 52.8 7.7 4% 154
- 155. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 143 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CONGO, REPUBLIC OF SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 39.8 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 38.4 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 57.5 2023 • • Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • G Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2022 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 11.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 48.9 2011 • • Palma ratio 3.1 2011 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 75.3 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 33.5 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 76.3 2021 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 2.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.8 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 6.8 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 5.7 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2022 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 4.5 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.4 2023 • S Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 49.9 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 13.4 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.5 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 72.0 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.7 2023 • S Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.97 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 40.3 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.55 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 95.9 2015 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 23.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 14.1 2015 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.6 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.39 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.8 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 20.1 2021 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 43.2 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 35.8 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 57.5 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 26.8 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 21.2 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.2 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 13.7 2014 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 8.5 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.9 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 241.1 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17.7 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 40.5 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 368.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 1.7 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 21.2 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 170.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.8 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 111.3 2013 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.4 2015 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 65.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 41.0 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.0 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 4.0 2023 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 82.9 2023 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 48.4 2012 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 82.4 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 53.4 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 77.2 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 95.1 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.6 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 74.0 2021 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 20.6 2021 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 7.9 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 273.7 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 50.6 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 39.7 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 14.3 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 54.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 47.1 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 19.4 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 14.3 2018 • •
- 156. 144 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 72.7 88.5 3 Costa Rica S D S S S S S D D D S D D G D D A COSTA RICA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Costa Rica + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 73.4 7.0 0% 60
- 157. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 145 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator COSTA RICA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 2.8 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 21.2 2023 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.0 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.8 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 75.7 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 31.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 124.9 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 24.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 10.5 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 9.9 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.9 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 18.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.5 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 80.8 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 26.3 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 81.1 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.3 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) NA NA • • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) NA NA • • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 6.2 2023 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 97.7 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.3 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 89.5 2022 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2021 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 32.5 2020 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 403.6 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 14.2 2018 • • Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 71.8 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 83.8 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.2 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 62.7 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 49.1 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 4.2 2023 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.8 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.4 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.9 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 7.1 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 1,818.0 2024 • S Population using safely managed water services (%) 80.5 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 25.4 2022 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 96.4 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.7 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 34.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 68.5 2021 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.3 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 54.2 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 61.0 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 20.4 2022 • G SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.4 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 85.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 101.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • D Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2022 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 23.5 2023 • D Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 1.0 2021 • G Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 18.3 2020 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.5 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 46.7 2023 • D Palma ratio 2.7 2023 • D Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 25.8 2023 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 3.5 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 19.4 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 24.7 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.5 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 53.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.8 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.7 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 44.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 16.8 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.4 2023 • A Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2022 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.6 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.5 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 69.2 2021 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.9 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 72.5 2024 • S Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.6 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 25.5 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 67.0 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.2 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.7 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.84 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 9.5 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 17.7 2023 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.71 2023 • S Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.8 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.4 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 58.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 3.8 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 73.1 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.69 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • A Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 291.2 2022 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.2 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 29.2 2022 • A Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 70 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 55.8 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.5 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 82.2 2025 • •
- 158. 146 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 50.9 68.9 2 Côte d'Ivoire S D S S D S D D D A D S G S D D D CÔTE D’IVOIRE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Côte d'Ivoire + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 63.2 13.0 1% 119
- 159. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 147 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CÔTE D’IVOIRE SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.8 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 40.7 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 93.6 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.9 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2016 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 10.2 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.3 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.4 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 48.3 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 19.2 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 66.3 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 49.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.5 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.6 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 8.7 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 20.1 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.9 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.9 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 39.6 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 10.7 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 11.9 2019 • S Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.8 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 73.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.8 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.3 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 32.9 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 95.5 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 45.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 14.7 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.55 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.8 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.2 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.9 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 73.5 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 5.9 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 20.6 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 9.6 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 23.4 2021 • G Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.1 2021 • G Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 28.4 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.6 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.3 2022 • S Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.6 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 359.0 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 67.1 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 119.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.4 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 22.7 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 187.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.6 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 61.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 96.0 2020 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 84.0 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 42.8 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.1 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 17.9 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 86.8 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 80.4 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 66.8 2021 • D SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 52.7 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 56.4 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.3 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13.4 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 72.9 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 37.0 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 802.2 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 70.4 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 42.6 2022 • S CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.6 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 62.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 50.8 2021 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.3 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2018 • •
- 160. 148 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Croatia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 74.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A S S S S S A S S A A G G D D D D CROATIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Croatia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 82.4 4.1 1% 8
- 161. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 149 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CROATIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.7 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 83.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 132.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.0 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 24.5 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.4 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 92.3 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 28.9 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.0 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2009 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 14.4 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 95.7 2007 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 89.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 4.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 8.3 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 6.2 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 48.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 23.9 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 8.7 2023 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.4 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 4.2 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.7 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 84.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 64.7 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 5.9 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 13.6 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 82.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 6.3 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.94 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.4 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 47.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.8 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 64.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.68 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.60 2023 • S SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.1 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 55 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 87.0 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 64.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.4 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 30.6 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • S Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.8 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.9 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.5 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 15.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 31.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.6 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.7 2023 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 80.2 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.9 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.9 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.3 2022 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 101.6 2022 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 64.9 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.3 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 81.6 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 33.1 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.7 2007 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.2 2021 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 80.9 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,422.3 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.0 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 34.1 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 85.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 91.8 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.0 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.71 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 58.4 2018 • •
- 162. 150 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2023 2016 0.0 1 Cuba INSUFFICIENT DATA • D D D D S D S D • D A A S S • A CUBA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Cuba + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 76.5 NA 16% 40
- 163. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 151 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CUBA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 93.0 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 71.3 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 48.6 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 17.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • G Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2022 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 28.1 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 11.0 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 9.3 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 86.6 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 69.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) • • • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.9 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.7 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 23.0 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 5.4 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.1 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 70.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 63.6 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 54.3 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2.7 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 54.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.2 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.68 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.4 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.5 2019 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.8 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 41.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 26.0 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 19.9 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 69.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.1 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.0 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 57.9 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.8 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.4 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 34.8 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 8.3 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 7.9 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.6 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 42.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 47.4 2021 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 82.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.4 2011 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.4 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.6 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.5 2023 • S Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 84.0 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.0 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 60.3 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 55.7 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.7 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.1 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 23.9 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 24.3 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 279.4 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 94.7 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 20.8 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.4 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.4 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 15.6 2018 • •
- 164. 152 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Cyprus OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 46.3 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 D D S A D D S S S A D D G D S D D CYPRUS 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Cyprus + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 73.8 4.3 4% 56
- 165. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 153 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CYPRUS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 91.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 88.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.8 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 44.3 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 5.0 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.7 2022 • S Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 385.6 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.3 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.2 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2004 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 17.3 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.7 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 10.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 15.0 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 32.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 76.0 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 10.2 2023 • S SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 7.8 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 9.5 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 59.3 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 52.1 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.3 2019 • S Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 21.4 2019 • S Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 74.3 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.6 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.92 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 11.6 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.3 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 4.3 2023 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 59.0 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.70 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.3 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.0 2023 • G Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 79 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 17.5 2021 • G Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.0 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.1 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 22.9 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2015 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13.6 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.9 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.5 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.5 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 8.5 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.6 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.4 2021 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 82.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 80.7 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.9 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.5 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.2 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 104.5 2022 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) • • • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.4 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.3 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.8 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.4 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 30.5 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 62.5 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 7,065.7 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.6 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 83.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 93.1 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.4 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.9 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 161.3 2018 • •
- 166. 154 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Czechia OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 69.1 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 3 CZECHIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Czechia A D S S S S S S S S A D S • S D S + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 81.9 5.2 0% 10
- 167. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 155 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator CZECHIA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.2 2022 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.7 2001 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.6 2001 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 26.0 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 57.8 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 75.8 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 2.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.8 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.2 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 33.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.2 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.8 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 7.2 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 87.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 84.2 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.8 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.9 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 35.2 2023 • G Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.2 2022 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.3 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 95.9 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 33.7 2023 • S PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 491.1 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 22.0 2022 • D Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 25.5 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 83.9 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.5 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 13.2 2023 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.1 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 22.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 84.8 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 1,713.5 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 97.9 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 89.7 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 74.5 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 94.9 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.7 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 38.4 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.4 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 8.7 2022 • D SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 86.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 106.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.0 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 41.5 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.0 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 170.4 2023 • G Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.1 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 36.1 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 36.3 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 26.2 2021 • A Palma ratio 0.9 2022 • A Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 7.6 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2004 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 11.0 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.9 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 3.3 2022 • A Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.2 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 93.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 13.3 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 8.6 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 46.1 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 33.0 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 9.2 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 8.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 5.5 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.3 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 54.5 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.8 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 92.3 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.97 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 9.6 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.5 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.8 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 84.0 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 181.6 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.3 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 55 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 50.0 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 91.0 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 61.8 2025 • •
- 168. 156 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Denmark OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 59.6 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S S A S S D S D S D S S S DENMARK OECD Countries 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Denmark + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 85.3 3.7 0% 3
- 169. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 157 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator DENMARK SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.4 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.5 2019 • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 13.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.2 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 66.5 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 10.4 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.6 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 10.7 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 13.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.9 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 1.2 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.4 2022 • S Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 82.0 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.5 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.0 2022 • A Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 23.4 2023 • G Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 11.7 2023 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.3 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.2 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 99.7 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 49.0 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 490.6 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.2 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 20.4 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 87.4 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.1 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.2 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 43.6 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 5.8 2022 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.6 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 25.3 2022 • G Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 92.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,951.2 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 98.8 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.8 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 39.5 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 74.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 100.0 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.93 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 4.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 118.8 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.2 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 7.9 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.4 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 99.8 2024 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 145.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.1 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 65.5 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 5.4 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.9 2022 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 2,416.7 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 16.2 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 9.8 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 34.4 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 28.3 2021 • D Palma ratio 1.0 2019 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 4.3 2019 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2004 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 7.6 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 23.0 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.9 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 92.8 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 4.6 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 15.3 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 89.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 51.0 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 13.6 2024 • G Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2022 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.6 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 8.8 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.7 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 51.9 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.4 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 54.0 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 35.7 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 29.8 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.2 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 87.2 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.5 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.98 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 45.7 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 30.4 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 90.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 1.3 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 86.9 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • A Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • A Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 71.5 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.3 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.7 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 49 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 49.0 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 95.3 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.3 2025 • •
- 170. 158 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 24.0 41.6 1 Djibouti S D D • D D D D D • S D D D D • D DJIBOUTI 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Djibouti + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 54.3 9.5 19% 149
- 171. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 159 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator DJIBOUTI SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 78.5 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 65.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 34.9 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.9 2022 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 41.6 2017 • • Palma ratio 2.0 2017 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 48.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 34.2 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.1 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 6.9 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 11.5 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 38.1 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.4 2023 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.4 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 4.1 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 56.7 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.9 2000 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 8.3 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 35.8 2018 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 91.7 2006 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 31.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 25.4 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.8 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 41.6 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 62.5 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 11.4 2025 • S Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 24.7 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.9 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 20.9 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.6 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.1 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 161.9 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 50.4 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 218.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.3 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.6 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 178.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 23.3 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.0 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.0 2011 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 87.4 2012 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 72.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 43.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2014 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) • • • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) • • • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) • • • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 53.2 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 55.6 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 40.9 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.2 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 76.2 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 66.9 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.2 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,382.9 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 65.0 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 10.3 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.4 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 63.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 12.3 2011 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 25.7 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 48.3 2018 • •
- 172. 160 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 42.3 1 Dominica INSUFFICIENT DATA • D D D S A D • D • • • S S D D • DOMINICA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Dominica + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 NA NA 39% NA
- 173. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 161 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator DOMINICA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.2 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 83.8 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 83.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2023 • G Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 13.7 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) • • • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 10.3 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.2 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 62.6 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 47.3 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 16.0 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 33.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.69 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 28.4 2022 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 57.1 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) • • • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.55 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.2 2023 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 42.3 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 61.5 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 13.4 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 31.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 35.6 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30.8 2023 • G Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 35.5 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) • • • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) • • • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 11.0 2021 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 49.8 2006 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 56.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 49.2 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.0 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.0 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 75.8 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.6 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.5 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) • • • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 40.6 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.4 2017 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 80.4 2017 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.0 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 39.1 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 86.7 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.7 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 72.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) • • • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.60 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 174. 162 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 1 7, 13, 19, 25, 31 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 62.5 74.1 3 Dominican Republic A S S D A D D D S A D D D D D D D DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Dominican Republic + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 74.1 6.1 1% 52
- 175. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 163 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 97.1 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 84.6 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 72.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 2.4 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.0 2022 • A Palma ratio 1.6 2022 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 11.2 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 12.3 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 83.2 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 37.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.4 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.9 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 44.1 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 13.7 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.1 2024 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.8 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.4 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 48.2 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 2.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2007 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 76.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.7 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.4 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 9.7 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 12.4 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.1 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 92.2 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 36.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 3.8 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 69.9 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.6 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 16.1 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 74.1 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 77.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 2.7 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.6 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.7 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 65.8 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 29.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • S Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.0 2018 • A Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 124.5 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21.7 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 31.4 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 42.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.4 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.4 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 41.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 27.4 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 77.1 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.2 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 77.0 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.8 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 90.5 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.5 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 73.0 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.5 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 84.0 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 109.5 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.2 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36.8 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.8 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.7 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 39.6 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 32.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 632.8 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 98.1 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 92.8 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 74.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.3 2021 • G Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.4 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 22.9 2018 • •
- 176. 164 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 2 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 71.0 79.1 3 Ecuador D D S G A A S D S D S S S S D G D ECUADOR 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Ecuador + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 70.1 2.8 1% 78
- 177. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 165 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ECUADOR SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 94.0 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 77.2 2024 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 63.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 28.8 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2023 • S Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2014 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 3.3 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 44.6 2023 • D Palma ratio 2.4 2023 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 57.8 2006 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 18.8 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 54.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.8 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.0 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.3 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 39.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 5.1 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.4 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.1 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 2.9 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 72.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 71.4 2024 • S Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 29.0 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.8 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.3 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 47.4 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.65 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 45.7 2023 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.42 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 40.2 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 77.3 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 32.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 53.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • S SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.5 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 30.8 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 43 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 79.1 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 77.1 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 4.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 9.9 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 13.9 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 23.0 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.7 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 53.0 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 27.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 55.4 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.1 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 58.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 13.2 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 28.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 23.4 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.4 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 51.6 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.3 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 76.6 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.0 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.7 2022 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.3 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 90.5 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.4 2022 • D SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 81.2 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 68.5 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 43.1 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.7 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.3 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.8 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 29.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 353.9 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 94.5 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.5 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 62.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 64.2 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.1 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.7 2018 • •
- 178. 166 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Middle East and North Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 3 9, 15, 21, 27, 33 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 76.3 80.1 3 Egypt, Arab Rep. S D S S S D S S S • D S S D D D S EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Egypt, Arab Rep. + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 65.6 68.1 5.5 1% 91
- 179. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 167 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 96.2 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 72.7 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 69.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.0 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 42.0 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2023 • S Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.0 2023 • S Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 7.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.9 2019 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2019 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 3.8 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 40.0 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.7 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 24.1 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 5.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.1 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 19.3 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 7.1 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.4 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.6 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.3 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 44.4 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 54.5 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.8 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 49.5 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 14.9 2019 • S Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 26.1 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 5.4 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.3 2017 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.76 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 9.9 2016 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.1 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 30.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 3.6 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 24.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.19 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.40 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.7 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.0 2015 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 80.1 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 64.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.9 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 8.6 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 8.5 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.3 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.5 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 41.6 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 44.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.4 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 17.5 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 9.2 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 26.0 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 106.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 9.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 50.0 2020 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.1 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 70.2 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.8 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 33.1 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.6 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 86.1 2021 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 92.2 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.5 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 106.9 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 21.5 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.7 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.8 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.5 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 141.2 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 32.1 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,146.7 2024 • G SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.9 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.0 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 27.4 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.1 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.37 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.5 2018 • •
- 180. 168 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 4 10, 16, 22, 28 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 66.4 74.9 3 El Salvador D D S D D S S D D D D S D D S D S EL SALVADOR 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 El Salvador + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 68.4 3.5 0% 86
- 181. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 169 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator EL SALVADOR SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.1 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 67.7 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 72.9 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2022 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.4 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.8 2022 • D Palma ratio 1.7 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 16.5 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 29.0 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 95.9 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 42.6 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.6 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.3 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.6 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 19.9 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.4 2024 • S SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.3 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 45.2 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 38.5 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 58.6 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 26.3 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.7 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 28.1 2022 • S SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 7.9 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 4.0 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 30.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 6.9 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 41.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.3 2023 • S For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.9 2023 • A Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 74.9 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 75.8 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 3.2 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 6.9 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.8 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 13.6 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.1 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 54.8 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 30.9 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.7 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 113.5 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 39.1 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.4 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 10.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 84.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 12.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 40.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 21.5 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 50.1 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.1 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 78.0 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.5 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 80.1 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 85.7 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 69.0 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.0 2023 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 81.5 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 88.8 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 60.8 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.7 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.6 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.6 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 12.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.5 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,253.6 2024 • G SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 93.8 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.3 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.1 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 65.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 35.9 2021 • G Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.7 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 24.9 2018 • •
- 182. 170 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 5 11, 17, 23, 29 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 35.1 2 Equatorial Guinea INSUFFICIENT DATA • • D • D A D D D • D A A D S • D EQUATORIAL GUINEA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Equatorial Guinea + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 NA NA 28% NA
- 183. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 171 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator EQUATORIAL GUINEA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 84.4 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 60.4 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1.0 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 1.9 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) • • • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 64.7 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 35.7 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 48.1 2017 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 10.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.6 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 5.0 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 7.4 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.6 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.2 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) • • • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 63.6 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 18.9 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 26.8 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.2 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 7.7 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 53.5 2011 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 13.0 2024 • • Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 48.7 2025 • S Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) • • • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 26.5 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 35.1 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 45.1 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) • • • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.2 2011 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.1 2011 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 17.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) • • • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) • • • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 173.7 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27.2 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 70.6 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 274.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 20.3 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 166.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 11.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 176.0 2010 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 68.3 2011 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 61.0 2023 • S Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 45.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 33.6 2015 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 34.4 2015 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 20.1 2015 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.0 2010 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 38.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.5 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.2 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.0 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 64.7 2017 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 66.3 2017 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 31.1 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,113.3 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 67.0 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 21.9 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 3.9 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.8 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 34.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.7 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 27.0 2018 • •
- 184. 172 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 6 12, 18, 24, 30 Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 2016 2023 77.0 89.3 2 Eritrea INSUFFICIENT DATA D G S D D A D D D • D S A G D • D ERITREA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Eritrea + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 NA NA 22% NA
- 185. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 173 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ERITREA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 46.9 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 20.0 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 31.5 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 1.9 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2023 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 48.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 26.9 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 69.0 2016 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 19.0 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 0.9 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.2 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.2 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 50.8 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 12.6 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 15.6 2012 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) • • • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 13.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 11.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.0 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 54.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 74.9 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 96.5 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) • • • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 52.5 2010 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 14.6 2010 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 4.8 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2007 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.6 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 291.4 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16.4 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 35.4 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 65.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 27.3 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 237.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 76.0 2008 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 34.1 2010 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 44.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 37.8 2022 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 59.6 2022 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 49.3 2022 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 93.3 2018 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 33.8 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 69.6 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.8 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.0 2019 • • SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 51.9 2016 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 11.9 2016 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 11.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 166.0 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 55.4 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 10.5 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.4 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.8 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 90.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.5 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2018 • •
- 186. 174 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Estonia OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 56.3 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 S D S D S S S S S D A D S S S S S ESTONIA 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Estonia OECD Countries + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 80.8 5.5 0% 17
- 187. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 175 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator ESTONIA SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.7 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 1.1 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 16.2 2022 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.2 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.5 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 22.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.2 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 40.7 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 5.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.0 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 8.2 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 15.5 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 13.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.2 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 5.7 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.1 2022 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 79.3 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.4 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 5.7 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 38.6 2023 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 15.9 2022 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.7 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.5 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 97.0 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2021 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 43.5 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 515.6 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.4 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 15.0 2022 • D SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 76.8 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 86.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 28.7 2025 • S Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 21.4 2022 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.1 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 13.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 82.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,109.7 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 97.0 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 90.4 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 38.0 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 74.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.4 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 3.3 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 122.8 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.7 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 11.7 2022 • D SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 93.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 189.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.5 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 41.9 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.1 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.8 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 278.6 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.4 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 28.6 2020 • D Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 40.1 2022 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.8 2021 • S Palma ratio 1.2 2022 • D Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 37.4 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2004 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 6.2 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 11.0 2022 • A Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.1 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 96.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 4.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 25.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 10.8 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 71.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 42.2 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 13.1 2024 • G Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2022 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 7.6 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 7.4 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 53.7 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.7 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 65.1 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 1.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 6.9 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.4 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.9 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 92.9 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.99 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 63.1 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.5 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.94 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 16.8 2023 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 76.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.6 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 89.5 2025 • A Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.69 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.76 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 155.5 2023 • S SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.5 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 70 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 44.2 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 92.8 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 48.4 2025 • •
- 188. 176 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 45.9 61.2 3 Eswatini D D S • S D D G S • D • D • D G S ESWATINI 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Eswatini + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 57.5 12.8 17% 136
- 189. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 177 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ESWATINI SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.4 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 57.6 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 120.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) • • • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2015 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 10.6 2015 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 54.6 2016 • • Palma ratio 4.1 2016 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 17.0 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 18.1 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 94.7 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.3 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 22.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2021 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 24.5 2022 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 65.7 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 27.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 13.6 2022 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 52.9 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.6 2023 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.5 2021 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 61.2 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 56.3 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 29.4 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 45.4 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.4 2022 • S Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 25.5 2014 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.0 2014 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 47.7 2014 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 30.1 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2022 • S Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.9 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 117.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.5 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 45.0 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 350.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 4.2 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 32.3 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 174.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 24.7 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.1 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 87.1 2013 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 93.4 2022 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 55.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.8 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 18.7 2011 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 91.5 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 74.6 2019 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 78.3 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.6 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 73.5 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 64.4 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 77.6 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 6.4 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 82.3 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 48.9 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.0 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 36.7 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 54.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 66.2 2022 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 33.7 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 190. 178 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 51.3 60.7 3 Ethiopia S D S D D D D D D • D S A • D D D ETHIOPIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Ethiopia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 55.4 7.9 1% 145
- 191. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 179 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator ETHIOPIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 61.8 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 16.7 2021 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 32.2 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.1 2016 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 27.9 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2017 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.5 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.0 2015 • • Palma ratio 1.5 2015 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 64.3 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 19.4 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 85.3 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 31.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.3 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 15.1 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.2 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) • • • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.3 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.85 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 8.5 2012 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 2.7 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 37.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 45.0 2015 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 36.9 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.36 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.5 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 4.5 2023 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.7 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 59.4 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 12.4 2025 • S Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 34.5 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 22.2 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 36.8 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.8 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 13.5 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 2.8 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.8 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2013 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 194.9 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27.4 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 46.5 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 146.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 16.8 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 142.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 72.4 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 49.8 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 61.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 35.1 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.9 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 41.4 2021 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 76.2 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 22.2 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 72.8 2017 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 62.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 52.3 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 73.2 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 41.9 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 51.5 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 9.3 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 32.3 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 90.3 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 55.0 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 8.8 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.8 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.0 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 63.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 46.5 2022 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.4 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.37 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 6.5 2018 • •
- 192. 180 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Oceania Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 54.8 60.8 2 Fiji D D D A D D D • S • S • A D D S D FIJI 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Fiji + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.4 72.9 3.4 19% 63
- 193. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 181 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator FIJI SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 96.7 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 79.3 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 86.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 36.3 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.5 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) • • • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.7 2019 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 9.4 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 6.3 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.4 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 19.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.4 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.2 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.5 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 77.4 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 9.0 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.3 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 11.2 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.1 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.69 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.2 2020 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 19.9 2021 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 86.6 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 55.0 2024 • • Children involved in child labor (%) 16.7 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 71.2 2025 • A Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.0 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.0 2021 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.8 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 80.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.5 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 7.0 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.8 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.2 2021 • D Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.6 2021 • A Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 59.2 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 33.8 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 30.2 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14.9 2023 • G Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 29.1 2023 • G Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 66.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.4 2023 • G Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 37.9 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 119.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 31.1 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 58.3 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.8 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.2 2020 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 93.3 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 97.6 2021 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 54.5 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.2 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 50.2 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9.1 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.5 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 93.0 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 36.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 92.0 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 56.1 2022 • S CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.0 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 28.4 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 54.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.3 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 194. 182 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Finland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 68.1 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 3 S D S D S S A D A D S D D D D S D FINLAND 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Finland OECD Countries + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 87.0 2.4 1% 1
- 195. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 183 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator FINLAND SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.3 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.7 2022 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.8 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 52.7 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.5 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7.9 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.4 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 7.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.2 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.9 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.3 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.5 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 85.7 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.7 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.5 2022 • G Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 22.8 2023 • A Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 11.3 2022 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.5 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.4 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 99.7 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 39.2 2023 • G PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 495.1 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.4 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 24.9 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 90.4 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.0 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 91.0 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 45.5 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 16.1 2023 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.4 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 85.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,219.3 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.6 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 90.0 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.4 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 50.2 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.4 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.5 2021 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.82 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.9 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 95.8 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 72.6 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 9.0 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 93.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 159.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.2 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 59.7 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.1 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.0 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 2,596.1 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 16.2 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 9.2 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 32.2 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.7 2021 • D Palma ratio 1.0 2022 • D Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 5.5 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2003 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 4.8 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 24.1 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.3 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 95.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.0 2024 • G Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 11.1 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 51.2 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 38.7 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 4.9 2023 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.7 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 7.4 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 38.6 2021 • D SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.9 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 70.8 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.1 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.2 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.9 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 75.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.99 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 34.9 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.0 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 88.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.5 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 87.2 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.71 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • A Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • A Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 51.6 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.4 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 60 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 51.8 2022 • D Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 95.1 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 61.6 2025 • •
- 196. 184 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) France OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 64.2 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 D D S D A S S S S A S D S S S D S FRANCE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 France + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 83.1 3.5 0% 5
- 197. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 185 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator FRANCE SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.3 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.3 2025 • D Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 8.3 2022 • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 9.7 2022 • A Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.7 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 75.1 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.1 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7.3 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.7 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.3 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 8.3 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 10.2 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.3 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.4 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.6 2023 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 84.8 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.6 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 10.9 2022 • G Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 21.8 2023 • G Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 25.3 2021 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.9 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100.0 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.4 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 51.9 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 478.3 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 21.5 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 28.8 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 91.3 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.2 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 86.8 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36.2 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 5.3 2022 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.6 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 21.4 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 82.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,777.2 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.7 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 89.7 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.5 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 16.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 69.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.2 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.4 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 67.7 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 69.0 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 11.3 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.3 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 86.8 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 109.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.8 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 74.1 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.7 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.2 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,002.4 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 11.5 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 20.7 2019 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 42.6 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.5 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.1 2022 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 6.1 2022 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2021 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 8.6 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 11.3 2022 • D Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.9 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 96.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 9.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 4.6 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 8.6 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 52.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 32.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 5.3 2023 • S Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2022 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.2 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 5.2 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 64.6 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.9 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 50.7 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 21.0 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 26.6 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.9 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.1 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.84 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 14.4 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.3 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.81 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 26.3 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 67.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 4.2 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 76.6 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.70 2023 • A Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • D Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 111.7 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.4 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 65 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 47.9 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 92.8 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 49.9 2025 • •
- 198. 186 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 23.2 46.8 1 Gabon D D S • D S A S S • D S A D S D D GABON 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Gabon + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 65.6 7.0 4% 103
- 199. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 187 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GABON SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 66.9 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 71.9 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 89.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.6 2009 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 51.0 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.0 2017 • • Palma ratio 1.6 2017 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 38.8 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 30.3 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 94.4 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.3 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.7 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 28.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 7.5 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2023 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.2 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.2 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 11.3 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 63.9 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 69.6 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 35.2 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.7 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 61.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 93.6 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 8.0 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.55 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 80.2 2018 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 95.6 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 27.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 11.8 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 70.7 2025 • A Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.0 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.1 2021 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 46.8 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 68.7 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 3.4 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 10.1 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 20.1 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 14.4 2020 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2020 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 26.3 2020 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.0 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 232.7 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16.8 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 33.2 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 505.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.8 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 18.1 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 78.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 100.1 2019 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.2 2021 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 66.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 49.0 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.1 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) • • • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 71.2 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 51.9 2021 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.6 2022 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 41.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 119.8 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.4 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.5 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 86.9 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 49.9 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 35.9 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 630.1 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 93.5 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 90.9 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.7 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 65.9 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 63.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 66.1 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 19.9 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 17.2 2018 • •
- 200. 188 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 48.5 67.9 3 Gambia, The G D S D D S D D S G D S S G S D S THE GAMBIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 The Gambia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 58.4 3.3 6% 130
- 201. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 189 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator THE GAMBIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 84.6 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 45.9 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 70.1 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2018 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.4 2016 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.8 2020 • G Palma ratio 1.7 2020 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 37.1 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 34.6 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 83.6 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.2 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.6 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 6.5 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.4 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.3 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 43.8 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1.4 2014 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2015 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.96 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 55.6 2021 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 59.0 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 38.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 16.9 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 65.5 2025 • A Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.32 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.4 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 45 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 67.9 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 68.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 30.5 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 52.4 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 20.5 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 17.5 2020 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2020 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 22.8 2020 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 14.9 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.9 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.8 2018 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 354.4 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23.7 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 44.1 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 142.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.5 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 21.8 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 220.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.0 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 64.8 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 83.8 2020 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 80.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 46.2 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2024 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 56.5 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 81.2 2023 • S Lower secondary completion rate (%) 54.4 2021 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 74.7 2022 • S SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 45.5 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 65.7 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.8 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.6 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.6 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 47.7 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 196.5 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 65.4 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.7 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.4 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 56.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 33.0 2022 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.4 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.46 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.4 2018 • •
- 202. 190 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 77.0 89.3 3 Georgia S D S D S D S D D S S D D G D D D GEORGIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Georgia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 72.0 73.7 7.3 2% 59
- 203. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 191 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GEORGIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 76.5 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 81.9 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 113.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.3 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 21.2 2025 • S Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2023 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 31.9 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.5 2022 • S Palma ratio 1.3 2022 • S SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 7.1 2022 • S Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 18.4 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 97.3 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 4.2 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.6 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 24.5 2024 • S Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 17.7 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2024 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.2 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 2.5 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 35.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 55.9 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.5 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.7 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.4 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.93 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.5 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.0 2019 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.92 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.9 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.5 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 53.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 1.6 2015 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 50.5 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.8 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 26.5 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 89.3 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 3.0 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 7.4 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.0 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.8 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.6 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 52.6 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 34.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.4 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 19.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.2 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 55.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 22.1 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 93.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.7 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.5 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.9 2022 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2022 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 88.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 68.2 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.4 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 47.6 2007 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.2 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.7 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 52.9 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.0 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 75.7 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.0 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.0 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.3 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.2 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 37.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,035.9 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 92.2 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.8 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 25.2 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 84.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 70.5 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 11.6 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 27.6 2018 • •
- 204. 192 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Germany OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 64.8 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 3 G D S D D S S S S G A D S S D S S GERMANY 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Germany + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 83.7 2.4 0% 4
- 205. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 193 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator GERMANY SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.4 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.4 2025 • D Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 11.6 2020 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.3 2016 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.4 2016 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 20.4 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.1 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77.2 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.9 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.6 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.8 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 11.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.4 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 5.9 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.3 2021 • G Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 88.0 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.8 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 5.9 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 26.0 2023 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 14.6 2021 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.1 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.4 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 92.4 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 38.4 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 482.3 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 18.7 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 29.5 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 87.7 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.3 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 83.9 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.7 2025 • G Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 14.2 2023 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 35.4 2022 • S Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 97.3 2019 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,451.5 2024 • G Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 96.9 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.6 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 71.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 100.0 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.83 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 3.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.5 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.4 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 6.9 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 93.5 2024 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 96.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 4.3 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 79.5 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.2 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.1 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,924.0 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.6 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 12.4 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 27.8 2022 • S SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.4 2020 • D Palma ratio 1.1 2020 • G Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 14.1 2020 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2009 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 8.1 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 9.2 2022 • A Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.7 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 92.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 9.7 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.8 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 12.6 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 35.6 2024 • S Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 49.1 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 9.1 2024 • S Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2022 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 7.2 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 7.4 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.2 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 73.3 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.8 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 53.5 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 25.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 12.4 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.0 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 79.2 2023 • S Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 79.4 2023 • S Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.97 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 19.6 2022 • S SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 24.1 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 75.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 1.9 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 83.9 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.75 2023 • A Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 68.9 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.7 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.7 2024 • A Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 55 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 56.7 2022 • S Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 92.5 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 70.2 2025 • •
- 206. 194 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 59.3 68.2 3 Ghana D D S G D S S S D • D D S D D D D GHANA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Ghana + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 63.1 8.6 0% 120
- 207. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 195 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GHANA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 92.6 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 69.9 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 56.5 2023 • G Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 32.3 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2010 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.9 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 43.5 2016 • • Palma ratio 2.3 2016 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 33.5 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 26.7 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 72.8 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 52.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 2.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.0 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 9.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 3.5 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2023 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.6 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.7 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.6 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 27.9 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 44.1 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.4 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 28.8 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.8 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.3 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.83 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 1.0 2023 • G Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.9 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.8 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • G Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 11.7 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 74.5 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 42.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 20.1 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 67.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.56 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.0 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.6 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 54 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.2 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 72.3 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 16.9 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 28.7 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.2 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 17.4 2022 • D Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.8 2022 • G Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 41.4 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 12.9 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 234.3 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21.2 2023 • S Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 37.1 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 129.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.6 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 22.2 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 194.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 25.9 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.5 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 63.0 2021 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 87.6 2023 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 47.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.3 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 87.1 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 90.1 2021 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 74.1 2019 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 85.9 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 51.7 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 72.9 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 95.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.6 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 88.4 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 28.6 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 6.3 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 263.2 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 85.1 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 31.0 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.8 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.2 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 55.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 68.2 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.9 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.8 2018 • •
- 208. 196 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Greece Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 71.5 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D D S S S S S S G S S S D S GREECE 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Greece + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 79.1 3.8 0% 27
- 209. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 197 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator GREECE SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.2 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.4 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 11.2 2022 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.5 2003 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.5 2003 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 28.0 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.1 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 51.6 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 29.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 4.8 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.2 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 12.0 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 23.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.3 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.9 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 7.4 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2022 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 77.2 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.8 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.8 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 10.5 2023 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 24.9 2019 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.7 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100.0 2022 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 96.1 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.0 2009 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 44.5 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 436.5 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 11.8 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 47.2 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 67.4 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 94.5 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 74.9 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 23.3 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 9.7 2023 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 20.3 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 94.7 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,259.0 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 98.9 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 92.2 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 21.5 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 72.1 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.4 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 94.9 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.60 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.6 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 47.3 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 63.3 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 11.0 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.6 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 85.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 93.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 42.0 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.5 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 118.0 2023 • D Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.4 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 41.7 2020 • D Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 40.7 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.9 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.2 2022 • S Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 10.0 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 15.8 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 25.3 2022 • S Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.2 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 96.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 13.0 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 9.9 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 40.6 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 38.9 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 5.7 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.3 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 5.3 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.1 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 79.7 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 88.2 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 60.4 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 64.1 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 21.1 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.7 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 87.3 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 90.4 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 12.5 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 24.2 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 49.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2023 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 55.4 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.44 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • G Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 101.4 2022 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2024 • G Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 50 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 52.8 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 90.6 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 56.1 2025 • •
- 210. 198 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 47.1 1 Grenada INSUFFICIENT DATA • D D D D A D • A • • • D D D G D GRENADA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Grenada + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 NA NA 34% NA
- 211. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 199 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GRENADA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 74.1 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 56.6 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.5 2023 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.0 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 8.1 2021 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 43.8 2018 • • Palma ratio 2.2 2018 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) • • • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 11.8 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) • • • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 10.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2021 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.7 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.2 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 65.0 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.0 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 34.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 60.3 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) • • • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 56.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) • • • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • S Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.9 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.1 2021 • A Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 47.1 2023 • • Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 70.3 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) • • • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) • • • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) • • • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 30.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • A Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 48.3 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.4 2023 • G Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 18.3 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.9 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.1 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 47.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 6.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.2 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 30.1 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 82.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 70.4 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 75.0 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.2 2021 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 93.4 2021 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) • • • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 75.4 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.7 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) • • • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.3 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.6 2017 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 91.5 2017 • • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 44.5 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 94.2 2022 • S Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 84.8 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.4 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 61.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) • • • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) • • • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • A Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 212. 200 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 58.5 74.3 4 Guatemala D S S D D S D D D • G D G D D D D GUATEMALA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Guatemala + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 59.9 4.4 1% 127
- 213. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 201 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GUATEMALA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 96.3 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 56.1 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 17.0 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2021 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.5 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 48.3 2014 • • Palma ratio 2.9 2014 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 37.6 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 27.4 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 88.8 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 30.9 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.7 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 29.6 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 8.8 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.1 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.3 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 28.8 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 8.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 38.6 2019 • D Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.3 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 33.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.72 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.5 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.8 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 22.0 2022 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.57 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 48.3 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.4 2015 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 25.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 40.3 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.35 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.31 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.6 2023 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.9 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 74.3 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 79.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 7.3 2025 • S Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 17.0 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.6 2022 • S Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 46.0 2021 • D Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.8 2021 • A Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 59.3 2015 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 26.8 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.2 2022 • S Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 365.8 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 93.7 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.0 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 21.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 33.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 14.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.6 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.6 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 65.2 2021 • S Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.6 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 58.7 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.4 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 84.5 2023 • S Net primary enrollment rate (%) 91.6 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) 49.7 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.0 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 71.2 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 83.2 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 50.1 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.0 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.6 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 69.6 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.7 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 23.9 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,034.2 2024 • G SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.1 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 46.2 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.0 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 63.5 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 37.0 2022 • G Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.2 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.41 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2018 • •
- 214. 202 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 40.7 49.7 2 Guinea S S D S D D D D D • D D D G D G D GUINEA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Guinea + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 57.2 8.7 5% 138
- 215. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 203 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GUINEA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 68.1 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 26.5 2023 • D Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 23.1 2023 • D Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • S The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.6 2018 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2018 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 44.0 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 23.1 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 47.3 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.0 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.5 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.1 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 14.7 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 3.2 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.6 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 69.3 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 42.9 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 11.8 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 27.0 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 19.4 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 90.4 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.89 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 1.2 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 2.0 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) • • • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 54.2 2019 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 62.0 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 28.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 24.2 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 52.5 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.40 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.35 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.35 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2.7 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 49.7 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 64.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 8.3 2025 • S Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 28.9 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 10.3 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.1 2022 • S Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.4 2022 • A Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 13.8 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 9.5 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 494.1 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30.3 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 95.0 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 175.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.3 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 23.6 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 238.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 37.4 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 60.7 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 127.6 2020 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 55.3 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 47.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 39.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.9 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 48.0 2021 • S Net primary enrollment rate (%) 80.6 2021 • S Lower secondary completion rate (%) 35.1 2021 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 60.3 2021 • S SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 42.6 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 40.7 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 66.1 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29.6 2025 • S SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 71.5 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 31.3 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.4 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 469.0 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 47.7 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.1 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.0 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.3 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 78.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 30.4 2021 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.2 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.3 2018 • •
- 216. 204 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Sub-Saharan Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 32.3 45.9 1 Guinea-Bissau D D D D D D D • S • D • A D D G D GUINEA-BISSAU 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Guinea-Bissau + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 53.9 53.1 NA 20% 153
- 217. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 205 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GUINEA-BISSAU SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 69.6 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 32.5 2023 • S Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 73.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • S The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2023 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 8.5 2020 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.4 2021 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2021 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 59.0 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 29.2 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 66.5 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 39.8 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 0.6 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.1 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.7 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 56.8 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.3 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1.2 2003 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.3 2003 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.6 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2017 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 55.5 2017 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 46.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 21.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 17.2 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 51.4 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.1 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 11.2 2019 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 45.9 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.7 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 23.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 54.9 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 32.2 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 27.7 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 8.1 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.5 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 505.4 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32.7 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 69.3 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 361.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.5 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 25.3 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 229.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 30.5 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 84.5 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 53.8 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 72.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 37.3 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) • • • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 27.4 2010 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 69.5 2010 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 36.9 2010 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 69.0 2022 • D SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 63.7 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 48.8 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 81.4 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9.8 2025 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 61.8 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 27.8 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.5 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 37.4 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.9 2022 • G CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 3.5 2023 • S Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.4 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 56.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.6 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 218. 206 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Guyana Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 80.9 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 • S S A S A D S S • S • D S S D S GUYANA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Guyana + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 66.3 NA 18% 102
- 219. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 207 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator GUYANA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 81.1 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 81.7 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 31.7 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 49.8 2021 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient • • • • Palma ratio • • • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 17.2 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 84.3 2022 • D Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) • • • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) • • • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) • • • • Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) • • • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2024 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 4.4 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) • • • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 30.8 2024 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) • • • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 78.1 2024 • S Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 34.5 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 46.2 2019 • S Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 18.6 2019 • S Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.4 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) • • • • SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 15.9 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • D Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 46.7 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.1 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 39.0 2024 • S Children involved in child labor (%) 6.4 2020 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 60.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.54 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.41 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.47 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.6 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 58.1 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 70.0 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) * • • • • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) * • • • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.5 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.5 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 40.3 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 28.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 74.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15.6 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 25.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 64.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.7 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 25.4 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 96.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.2 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.2 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 64.9 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.6 2020 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 75.9 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.0 2011 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 78.0 2023 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 82.0 2023 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 83.2 2010 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 97.9 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 57.1 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.0 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 67.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.4 2025 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.9 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 91.0 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.3 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 20.3 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) • • • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 93.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.6 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.3 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 100.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) • • • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 10.7 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) • • • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) • • • •
- 220. 208 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 36.2 39.6 0 Haiti G D D • D S D G D • D S D D S G D HAITI 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Haiti + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 52.5 3.7 7% 156
- 221. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 209 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator HAITI SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 77.2 2025 • G Population using the internet (%) 39.3 2019 • • Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 29.3 2023 • S Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 1.8 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) • • • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.2 2014 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 41.1 2012 • • Palma ratio 2.0 2012 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 51.1 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 13.3 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 15.3 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 13.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 1.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.5 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 16.2 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) • • • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 0.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.5 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 24.6 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 35.3 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 7.7 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) • • • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.9 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 2.6 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 41.2 2023 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.41 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 81.9 2021 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 84.8 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 16.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 35.5 2012 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 51.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.36 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.23 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.34 2023 • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1.6 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 39.6 2023 • D Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 61.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 26.3 2025 • G Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 45.5 2025 • G SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 50.4 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 21.9 2017 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.7 2017 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 19.2 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 10.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.1 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 327.6 2023 • D Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23.3 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 55.1 2023 • S Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 149.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.5 2023 • S Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 31.6 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 206.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 31.3 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 54.8 2015 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 41.6 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 51.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 54.1 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 3.6 2020 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) • • • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) • • • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) • • • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 88.9 2017 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 51.2 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 81.1 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.0 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2.5 2020 • • SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 67.4 2022 • D Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 37.5 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 13.4 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 278.7 2024 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 49.3 2022 • D Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 4.5 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 3.5 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 32.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.2 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 32.6 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 14.9 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2018 • •
- 222. 210 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Latin America and the Caribbean Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 58.2 65.8 3 Honduras HONDURAS 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Honduras + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 70.3 61.7 2.0 0% 125 D G S G D S S D S • D D D D S D D
- 223. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 211 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator HONDURAS SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 92.3 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 58.3 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 49.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) * 0.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2019 • • Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 0.3 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 48.2 2019 • • Palma ratio 3.0 2019 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 31.5 2014 • • Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 32.6 2023 • G Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 95.8 2022 • S Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 21.1 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 3.5 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.9 2024 • A Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.3 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 26.1 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 10.3 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.0 2023 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 1.1 2023 • A GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.1 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2020 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 58.4 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 13.6 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 18.4 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 13.1 2019 • G Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 74.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.74 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.6 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 4.8 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 31.4 2023 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.57 2023 • S Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 50.8 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 97.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 22.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) 15.3 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 38.5 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.34 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.4 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 22.2 2020 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 65.8 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 79.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 9.9 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 21.9 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 20.4 2022 • G Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.7 2019 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.9 2019 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 57.3 2019 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 29.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.9 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 24.7 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 46.8 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.8 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 15.5 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 31.0 2023 • S New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 17.8 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 112.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.5 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.9 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 97.1 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.1 2019 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 73.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 64.3 2021 • G Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.0 2024 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 61.6 2023 • G Net primary enrollment rate (%) 76.0 2023 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) 36.5 2023 • G Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.1 2019 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 79.5 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 88.5 2022 • G Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 52.7 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.3 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.8 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 84.4 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.6 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 19.5 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,253.5 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 94.4 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 50.1 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.9 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 14.4 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 56.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 37.9 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.9 2025 • D Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2018 • •
- 224. 212 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Hungary Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 77.9 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 1 HUNGARY 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Hungary + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 80.4 3.9 1% 21 S D S D S S S S S D S D D • S D D
- 225. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 213 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator HUNGARY SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.5 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.8 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 9.9 2022 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 31.7 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.0 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 63.3 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 11.7 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.8 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.9 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 21.7 2021 • D Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 42.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.0 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 18.9 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 79.5 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.9 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.5 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 36.4 2023 • G Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 24.9 2019 • • SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.9 2023 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.8 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 95.8 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2021 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 29.4 2023 • G PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 477.2 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 25.1 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 29.5 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 79.9 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.4 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.4 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.2 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 14.2 2023 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.0 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 97.9 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 1,006.7 2024 • G Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 87.8 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.3 2021 • G SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 77.5 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.6 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 88.2 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • G Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.4 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 38.4 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.1 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 10.0 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 91.5 2024 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 87.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.1 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 43.9 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.4 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.4 2022 • S Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 122.7 2023 • G Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.6 2022 • A Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 38.3 2020 • A Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 28.6 2022 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.2 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.1 2022 • D Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 10.1 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 11.9 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 35.5 2022 • G Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.1 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 95.7 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 5.0 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 11.0 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 5.9 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 48.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 20.6 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.1 2019 • • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2022 • D SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.9 2023 • S GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 4.3 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.4 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 47.9 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 84.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.7 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.91 2023 • A Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 9.0 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2023 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 21.0 2023 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 41.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 62.8 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.58 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.48 2023 • G Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.38 2023 • G Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 176.6 2023 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.5 2022 • S For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2024 • G Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 70 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 55.2 2022 • G Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 92.2 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 68.5 2025 • •
- 226. 214 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Iceland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 55.1 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S S A S S • A D D S D D A ICELAND 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Iceland + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 80.8 2.5 9% 15
- 227. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 215 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator ICELAND SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 4.9 2017 • • SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 21.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.0 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 34.4 2009 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 8.5 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 8.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.7 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.3 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.4 2020 • G Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 88.9 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.5 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) NA NA • • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 16.4 2019 • • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 5.7 2023 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 97.0 2022 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.5 2022 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 97.7 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 43.4 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 447.3 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 9.3 2022 • D Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 34.1 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.1 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.0 2025 • A Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 10.2 2022 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.8 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.4 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 79.7 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,942.7 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) NA NA • • SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 82.4 2021 • A SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 76.8 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 100.0 2021 • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 6.4 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 194.4 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 85.3 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 5.2 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 92.1 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 99.8 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 124.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.6 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 40.5 2025 • D Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 5.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.6 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 823.3 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 13.1 2021 • • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 4.9 2017 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 40.5 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 26.1 2017 • • Palma ratio 0.9 2017 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 3.1 2017 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 4.8 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) 22.7 2018 • • Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 99.0 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 91.4 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 9.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.0 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 12.9 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 50.9 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 63.5 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 17.9 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.3 2021 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 10.1 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 8.7 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) * 0.0 2023 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 71.0 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.1 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 80.1 2024 • A Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 27.1 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 38.3 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.2 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 35.9 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 39.8 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2022 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 28.3 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 77.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 81.4 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 37.0 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.0 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.3 2024 • D Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 42.5 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 81.7 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 69.5 2025 • •
- 228. 216 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 66.7 73.6 3 India A D S S S S S S D A D D G S D D D INDIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 SDG India + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 67.0 30.481 7.6 1% 99
- 229. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 217 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator INDIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.0 2025 • D Population using the internet (%) 55.9 2022 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 60.2 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.2 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 50.8 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.6 2020 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 45.9 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.8 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.3 2021 • A SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 41.4 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 47.3 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 65.6 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 69.8 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 2.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 20.3 2024 • G Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 0.5 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 22.1 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 1.8 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.2 2023 • G GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.4 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 4.2 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 32.3 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 7.4 2018 • D Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 4.4 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.7 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 6.3 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 8.3 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 0.9 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.8 2022 • S Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 75.8 2022 • G Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 89.1 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 38.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 33.0 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.43 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.39 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.4 2022 • D For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 9.1 2022 • G Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 73.6 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 63.8 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.1 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 5.5 2025 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 13.7 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 35.5 2020 • D Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.7 2020 • D Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 23.6 2020 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 7.3 2022 • D Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.3 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • S Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.9 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 80.5 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17.3 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 27.7 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 195.0 2023 • D New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 23.6 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 139.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.6 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.0 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 11.3 2020 • D Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 89.4 2021 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 63.3 2021 • S Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 4.4 2024 • G SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.4 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2024 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 85.5 2023 • D Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 97.0 2023 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.5 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 72.5 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 42.6 2024 • D Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13.8 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.3 2022 • S Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 78.4 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 66.5 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 19.2 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 128.2 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.2 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 74.5 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.7 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 18.0 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 72.9 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.0 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 77.5 2021 • A Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.2 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.51 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.1 2018 • •
- 230. 218 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. East and South Asia Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 68.9 81.4 4 Indonesia A D S A D S S S S D D D D S D D D INDONESIA 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Indonesia + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 69.5 70.2 30.481 7.6 1% 77
- 231. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 219 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator INDONESIA SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 91.3 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 69.2 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 118.5 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.9 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 30.7 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2023 • D Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2020 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 6.2 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 36.1 2023 • D Palma ratio 1.5 2023 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 19.4 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 20.1 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 29.6 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 39.2 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.9 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.8 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 1.3 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 33.0 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 5.1 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2023 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 2.7 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 0.7 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 3.2 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.7 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 61.9 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 16.7 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.9 2019 • A Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.9 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.9 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 39.0 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.76 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.6 2023 • S Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 1.0 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2022 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 17.5 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 83.4 2023 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 37.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 44.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.52 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • S SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2.7 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.1 2022 • D Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 81.4 2023 • A Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 68.8 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 2.1 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 10.3 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.2 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 30.8 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.2 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 53.9 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 11.2 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.4 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 12.4 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140.5 2023 • S Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.5 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 20.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 387.0 2023 • G New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.1 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 21.9 2021 • S Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 96.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 11.3 2021 • S Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.1 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 36.1 2016 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.7 2023 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 82.0 2023 • D Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 54.8 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.6 2024 • S SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.3 2023 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2023 • A Lower secondary completion rate (%) 98.6 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2020 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.0 2024 • G Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.1 2022 • S Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 64.6 2024 • S Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.9 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.1 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.2 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 29.7 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 29.8 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 429.6 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 89.1 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.9 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.3 2021 • S SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 64.3 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.7 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.8 2021 • S Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.3 2025 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • S Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • D Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 5.9 2018 • •
- 232. 220 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Middle East and North Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 49.7 63.0 1 Iran, Islamic Rep. S D S A D D D D S D D D G S D D D IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Iran, Islamic Rep. + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 65.6 69.6 2.8 1% 83
- 233. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 221 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 83.5 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 79.6 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 166.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.4 2023 • G The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 50.9 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.8 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.7 2021 • S Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 97.4 2023 • G SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.8 2022 • D Palma ratio 1.4 2022 • D SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 44.7 2022 • D Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 38.9 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.6 2022 • A Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 52.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 9.3 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.4 2024 • S Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.4 2024 • D Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 31.2 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 11.5 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2022 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 9.2 2023 • G GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.2 2024 • D CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 2.1 2022 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.2 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 63.0 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 14.4 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 11.1 2019 • S Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 3.9 2019 • A Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.5 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.7 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.86 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 13.0 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2014 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.77 2023 • S Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.1 2014 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.6 2010 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 23.0 2024 • G Children involved in child labor (%) • • • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 16.2 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.62 2023 • G Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.50 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.49 2023 • G SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.6 2023 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.4 2009 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 63.0 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 35.6 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.9 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 2.5 2025 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.8 2017 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.3 2017 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 84.0 2017 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 24.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.2 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.8 2022 • G Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • D Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2019 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15.8 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.4 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 11.8 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 11.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • D Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 13.9 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 58.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.6 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.7 2023 • S Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 23.8 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.0 2023 • A Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 74.3 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.1 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 59.8 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.2 2020 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.7 2020 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.8 2022 • A SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 76.1 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.9 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 20.3 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4.9 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.7 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 90.4 2022 • S Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 81.3 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 21.8 2015 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,742.2 2024 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 95.8 2022 • D CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 2.2 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.8 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 55.2 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 90.0 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 9.0 2025 • S Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.23 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 11.5 2018 • •
- 234. 222 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. Middle East and North Africa Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Statistical Performance Index Oceania Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East and North Africa East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD members 47.3 62.3 66.0 69.1 74.3 77.2 91.8 0 (worst) to 100 (best) By region, 2023 By region, 2023 2016 2023 36.5 57.8 3 Iraq D D S • D S S D S • D S S D G D S IRAQ 5 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Iraq + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 65.6 63.9 9.2 11% 113
- 235. Year Rating Trend Value YearRating Trend Value * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 223 4. Country Profiles Performance by Indicator Performance by Indicator IRAQ SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 83.5 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 81.7 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 52.8 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 2.2 2023 • S The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 31.0 2025 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.0 2021 • D Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 16.6 2023 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.5 2012 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2012 • • SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 49.3 2022 • G Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m³) 49.8 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 88.2 2022 • G Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 8.1 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2020 • • Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 6.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 2.0 2024 • A Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 16.4 2024 • A Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 11.0 2024 • A Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2016 • • SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 3.9 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 1.4 2024 • A CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 11.7 2023 • • SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 50.7 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) • • • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.1 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 5.6 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 8.1 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.79 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) • • • • Imported deforestation (m²/capita) 3.9 2022 • D SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 9.5 2013 • • Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) • • • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 98.8 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 26.0 2024 • D Children involved in child labor (%) 4.5 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) * 0.0 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 30.7 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) • • • • SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) • • • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) • • • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 38.6 2019 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 57.8 2023 • S Index of countries’support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 60.9 2025 • • SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 1.0 2025 • D Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 3.9 2025 • D SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 16.1 2022 • D Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.6 2018 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.0 2018 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) 44.6 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 40.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.1 2022 • A Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.9 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • G Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) • • • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 66.0 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.9 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.6 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 21.0 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) • • • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 22.7 2021 • G Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 90.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 21.5 2021 • G Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.3 2023 • D Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 70.0 2016 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.6 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 58.5 2021 • D Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 5.0 2024 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 17.4 2007 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.3 2007 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 44.8 2007 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 94.0 2017 • • SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 59.3 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 70.6 2022 • D Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 15.0 2024 • G Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 28.9 2025 • D SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.4 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.5 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 59.6 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 60.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,715.0 2024 • S SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.4 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.1 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 62.6 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.5 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 18.6 2021 • D Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 15.3 2025 • G Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) • • • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • A Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 11.7 2018 • •
- 236. 224 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Ireland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 48.7 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S D S S S S S G D S D D S IRELAND 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Ireland + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 78.6 4.2 0% 31
- 237. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 225 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator IRELAND SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.1 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 7.0 2022 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 28.4 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.5 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.7 2022 • A Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 74.6 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 7.0 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 3.8 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.5 2023 • D Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.8 2023 • D Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 13.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.8 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.4 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.4 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2020 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89.0 2023 • G Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 82.7 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.9 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 1.0 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 20.5 2023 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 14.0 2023 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.1 2022 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.9 2022 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.7 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 62.7 2023 • A PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 503.8 2022 • D Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.0 2022 • S Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 19.0 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 89.2 2024 • A Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.7 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.3 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.3 2025 • S Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 11.8 2023 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.0 2022 • G Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 89.3 2022 • G Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.1 2022 • A Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 63.6 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 3,592.5 2024 • G Population using safely managed water services (%) 96.0 2022 • A Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 79.8 2022 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.1 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.7 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 87.4 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.1 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 99.7 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.83 2023 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 5.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 160.7 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 74.5 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 7.0 2022 • A SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 96.5 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 117.6 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.5 2023 • D The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 58.1 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.6 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.0 2022 • G Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,424.3 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.9 2022 • D Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 18.1 2020 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.8 2022 • A SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.1 2021 • A Palma ratio 1.0 2022 • A Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 9.5 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 7.3 2023 • A Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 95.4 2022 • G Population with rent overburden (%) 9.3 2022 • A Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 98.6 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 92.0 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 7.1 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 18.9 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 15.9 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 153.8 2024 • G Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 50.2 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 11.9 2024 • • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2020 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.8 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 9.6 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.0 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 73.1 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.2 2023 • A Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 60.0 2024 • G Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 25.2 2018 • A Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 17.0 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.9 2019 • S Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.4 2023 • A Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.7 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.88 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 56.6 2022 • G SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.7 2023 • D Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.90 2023 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 22.0 2022 • D Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 77.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.6 2022 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 86.9 2025 • D Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.64 2023 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.67 2023 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.95 2023 • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 87.0 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.7 2022 • G For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.6 2024 • A Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) 79 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 47.2 2022 • A Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 117.2 2021 • G Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 89.4 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 74.2 2025 • •
- 238. 226 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) Israel OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 60.7 70.1 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 S D S D D D S S A S S D D D D D S ISRAEL 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Israel + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 74.5 3.2 7% 48
- 239. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 227 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator ISRAEL SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.7 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 1.0 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 16.8 2022 • S SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 22.5 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • D Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.2 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.6 2021 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 2.5 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.7 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 2.8 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 7.6 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.2 2021 • D Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.4 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.7 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 85.5 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 7.2 2024 • D Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.7 2022 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.4 2022 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.9 2023 • A SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.8 2022 • A Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.3 2022 • G Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 98.9 2018 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) * 100.0 2022 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 48.0 2017 • • PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 465.5 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 19.6 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 37.3 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 69.2 2024 • D Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.7 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 91.0 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.2 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 20.8 2022 • G SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2022 • D Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 129.7 2022 • G Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 97.0 2021 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,726.0 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.5 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 96.3 2022 • A SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 0.8 2023 • A Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 6.2 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 72.7 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.8 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 92.9 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 2.5 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 81.4 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 69.3 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 13.0 2022 • D SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 87.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 153.3 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.7 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 54.0 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.7 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 6.0 2022 • A Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 1,706.1 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) NA NA • • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 39.9 2018 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 33.9 2022 • • SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.9 2021 • D Palma ratio 1.3 2022 • S Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 15.3 2022 • S SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2022 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 21.2 2023 • D Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2022 • A Population with rent overburden (%) NA NA • • Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 83.7 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 99.9 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 8.4 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 3.9 2024 • S Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 12.0 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 30.3 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 37.4 2024 • D Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.7 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2022 • G SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 6.5 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 6.6 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.3 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 37.9 2021 • D SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.8 2023 • D Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 35.0 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 46.4 2019 • S Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 22.4 2019 • S Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 17.1 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 22.7 2023 • D Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.73 2023 • D Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • D Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 31.5 2022 • S SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.6 2022 • G Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.7 2016 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 64.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 9.6 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 51.1 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) NA NA • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 165.5 2022 • A SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.3 2022 • A For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2024 • G Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) ** ** ** ** Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0–100 worst) * 0 2024 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0–100 worst) 59.3 2022 • S Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) * 0.0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0–100 best) 87.9 2023 • A Index of countries' support to UN-based multilateralism (worst 0–100 best) 25.6 2025 • •
- 240. 228 Sustainable DevelopmentReport 2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century Average Performance by SDG Overall Performance p Decreasing 5Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable SDG Dashboard and Trends *Progress (in percentage points) is based on a set of 17 headline SDG indicators. Please see the methodology section for details. OECD Countries International Spillover Index Number of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) OECD members Italy Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa World East and South Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 70.1 70.9 89.1 89.6 90.3 94.1 94.5 95.5 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 2 A D S D S D S S S D S D S D S S D ITALY 100 75 50 25 SDG 1 SDG 17 SDG 16 SDG 15 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 8 SDG 7 SDG 6 SDG 5 SDG 4 SDG 3 SDG 2 Italy + Change in score since 2015 (p.p.)* Missing data Regional Average = Country Score / Country Rank 167 78.1 80.3 4.9 1% 22
- 241. Sustainable Development Report2025 Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century 229 4. Country Profiles * Imputed data point, **Not applicable NA = Data not available Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator Year Rating Trend Value Year Rating Trend Value Performance by Indicator ITALY SDG1 – No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (%) 0.7 2025 • A Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (%) 0.9 2025 • A Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 12.2 2022 • A SDG2 – Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2022 • A Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2022 • • Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months (%) * 90.0 2022 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% of adult population) 17.3 2022 • G Human Trophic Level (best 2–3 worst) 2.4 2022 • G Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.8 2022 • D Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0–1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • G Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 58.9 2023 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.3 2022 • • SDG3 – Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6.5 2023 • A Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.6 2023 • A Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2023 • A Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2023 • A New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population, all ages) 0.0 2023 • A Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30 to 70 years (%) 9.1 2021 • A Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.0 2021 • A Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.7 2023 • A Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.9 2021 • A Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.4 2021 • D Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95.0 2023 • A Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0–100 best) 83.8 2021 • A Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0–10 best) 6.4 2024 • A Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.6 2023 • D Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 10.4 2023 • D Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 19.8 2022 • D SDG4 – Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.2 2023 • D Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.9 2023 • D Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 99.2 2023 • A Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2019 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 30.6 2023 • S PISA score (worst 0–600 best) 476.8 2022 • G Variation in mathematics performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.5 2022 • G Underachievers in mathematics (% of 15-year-olds) 29.6 2022 • G SDG5 – Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 76.1 2024 • S Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.4 2022 • A Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 70.4 2024 • A Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 32.8 2025 • D Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 4.1 2023 • A SDG6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2022 • A Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 29.8 2022 • D Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 70.0 2018 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2Oeq/capita) 2,638.8 2024 • D Population using safely managed water services (%) 92.7 2022 • D Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 79.0 2022 • D SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2022 • A Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2022 • A CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO2/TWh) 1.2 2023 • D Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.5 2021 • D SDG8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth index (worst 0–100 best) 75.0 2023 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.3 2022 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 97.3 2021 • A Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0–1 best) 0.59 2023 • D Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per million population) 1.8 2018 • G Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 50.7 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 62.2 2024 • A Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 24) 20.2 2022 • D SDG9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2025 • A Population using the internet (%) 87.0 2023 • A Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 98.4 2023 • A Logistics Performance Index: Infrastructure Score (worst 1–5 best) 3.8 2023 • A The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0–100 best) 61.1 2025 • A Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2023 • A Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.4 2022 • S Total patent applications by applicant’s origin (per million population) 556.8 2023 • A Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 6.3 2022 • S Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 47.4 2013 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 39.0 2022 • D SDG10 – Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.8 2021 • D Palma ratio 1.2 2022 • S Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 12.0 2022 • G SDG11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2003 • A Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) 14.5 2023 • S Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Population with rent overburden (%) 14.3 2022 • S Urban population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.3 2025 • • Population with convenient access to public transport in cities (%) 92.5 2020 • • SDG12 – Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste that is not recollected (kg/capita) 11.2 2022 • • Production-based air pollution (DALYs per 1,000 population) 8.4 2024 • D Air pollution associated with imports (DALYs per 1,000 population) 7.4 2024 • G Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 32.8 2024 • D Nitrogen emissions associated with imports (kg/capita) 33.1 2024 • G Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 3.7 2024 • D Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2021 • A SDG13 – Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCO2/capita) 5.3 2023 • D GHG emissions embodied in imports (tCO2/capita) 4.4 2024 • G CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (tonnes/capita) 0.1 2024 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0–100 best) 70.4 2021 • A SDG14 – Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.3 2023 • S Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0–100 best) 54.5 2024 • D Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 52.3 2018 • G Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 41.2 2019 • G Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.8 2019 • D Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 – Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 76.7 2023 • D Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 85.2 2023 • A Red List Index of species survival (worst 0–1 best) 0.87 2023 • G Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2023 • A Imported deforestation (m2/capita) 12.2 2022 • A SDG16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2022 • A Crime is effectively controlled (worst 0–1 best) 0.80 2023 • A Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 16.4 2022 • A Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0–100 best) 54.0 2024 • A Children involved in child labor (%) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 2.4 2024 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0–100 best) 68.0 2025 • G Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0–1 best) 0.61 2023 • D Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0–1 best) 0.45 2023 • D Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0–1 best) 0.63 2023 • G Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 97.3 2022 • D SDG17 – Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and educa