Unighfchttcbhtgjgtrhyyfghgtfhhytght 1.pptx

By Harsha Gorde
Cloud
Computing &
Virtualization

Enabling Technologies and
System Models for Cloud
Computing
01
A Brief History of Computing …

Evolution of Cloud Computing
• The evolution of cloud computing began
with Mainframe computing, where central
servers handled multiple users via time-
sharing.
• Distributed systems emerged, enabling
resource sharing across networks.
• Cluster computing grouped servers for high
availability and performance.
• Grid computing advanced this by linking
geographically dispersed resources for complex
tasks.
• Virtualization allowed multiple virtual
machines on a single physical machine,
enhancing resource efficiency.
• The advent of Web 2.0 enabled dynamic web
applications and user-generated content.
• Service orientation introduced modular
services accessed over the internet.
• Finally, utility computing provided on-demand
resource provisioning, forming the basis of
modern cloud services, offering scalable,
flexible, and cost-effective solutions Contents

1. Distributed Systems
• Distributed systems form the backbone of cloud
computing. They involve a collection of independent
computers that appear to the user as a single coherent
system. This setup is crucial for cloud computing as it
enables the sharing of resources and data among
multiple computers, enhancing processing speed, and
reliability.
• How It Works : In a distributed system, tasks are
divided across different machines. These machines
communicate and coordinate their actions by passing
messages to one another. This method not only speeds
up computing tasks but also ensures that if one part
fails, the system can still function, avoiding a single
point of failure.
• Real-World Application : A practical example of
distributed systems in cloud computing is in web
services like Google Drive. When you store a file on
Google Drive, it's not just saved on a single server.
Instead, it's distributed across multiple servers,
ensuring data redundancy and quick access from any
location.

2. Mainframe Computing
1. Before cloud computing, there were mainframes –
powerful computers used primarily by large
organizations for critical applications, bulk data
processing, and enterprise resource planning.
Mainframes could process vast amounts of data and
support numerous users simultaneously, making them
indispensable in their time.
2. Impact on Cloud Evolution : Mainframes laid the
groundwork for cloud computing. Their ability to
handle massive data and numerous users parallels the
multi-tenancy of cloud services. Mainframes' robust
architecture and emphasis on reliability and security
have been carried over into cloud computing models,
ensuring dependable and secure data handling.
3. Continuing Relevance : Even today, mainframes have
a role in cloud computing. They often work in tandem
with cloud services, particularly in sectors like banking
and airlines, where large-scale transaction processing
is crucial. This demonstrates the enduring relevance of
mainframe principles in the cloud era.

2. Cluster Computing
4. Cluster Computing : Enhancing Performance and
Reliability Cluster computing involves connecting
multiple computers (nodes) to work together as a
single system. It's designed to improve performance
and provide high availability. In cluster computing,
tasks are distributed across different nodes, which
simultaneously process the data, leading to faster
computations.
5. Contribution to Cloud Computing : Cluster
computing is fundamental to cloud computing. It
provides a way to achieve scalability and high
availability – critical features of cloud services. By
distributing tasks across a cluster, cloud providers can
offer services that are both efficient and resilient to
failures.
6. Practical Usage : An example of cluster computing in
the cloud is in web hosting services. By using clusters,
these services ensure that a website remains
accessible even if one server fails. This is crucial for
maintaining uninterrupted online services and a
consistent user experience.

3. Grid Computing
1. The Power of Resource Sharing : Grid computing is a
form of distributed computing where a network of
loosely connected computers work together to
perform large-scale tasks. Unlike cluster computing,
where nodes perform similar tasks, grid computing
harnesses heterogeneous resources scattered
geographically.
2. Impact on Cloud Development : Grid computing has
significantly influenced cloud computing by
demonstrating the effectiveness of resource pooling. It
showed how combining resources from various
networks can lead to immense computational power, a
concept integral to cloud services' scalability.
3. Real-World Implementation : A practical example is
SETI@home, a project that uses grid computing to
analyze radio signals for signs of extraterrestrial
intelligence. This project pools computing resources
from volunteers worldwide, illustrating the potential of
grid computing, which parallels the resource pooling in
cloud computing.
For Detailed Info Evolution of Cloud Computing

4. Web 2.0
1. Fostering Interactive Cloud Experiences : Web 2.0 refers
to the second generation of the World Wide Web, which
emphasizes user-generated content, usability, and
interoperability for end-users. This era of the web
moved beyond static web pages, introducing more
dynamic and interactive online experiences.
2. Influence on Cloud Computing : Web 2.0 has been
instrumental in the evolution of cloud computing. It
shifted the focus towards web-based applications and
services, paving the way for cloud platforms that offer
interactive, user-centered experiences. This alignment
has made cloud services more accessible and versatile.
3. Practical Impact :A prime example of Web 2.0 in action
is Google Docs. This service allows real-time
collaboration and editing of documents, a feature made
possible through the principles of Web 2.0. It
demonstrates how user interaction and data sharing,
core aspects of Web 2.0, are integral to modern cloud
services.
For Detailed Info Evolution of Cloud Computing

5. Service Oriented Architecture
1. Streamlining Cloud Solutions : Service orientation is a
design paradigm that advocates for the provision of
application components as reusable services. This
approach focuses on breaking down applications into
distinct services that can be accessed over a network,
primarily the internet.
2. Contribution to Cloud Evolution : Service orientation
has been pivotal in shaping cloud computing. It laid
the groundwork for Software as a Service (SaaS),
Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) models. These models allow users to
access software, platforms, and infrastructure over the
cloud, without the need for physical installations.
3. Real-World Usage : Salesforce is an excellent example
of service orientation in cloud computing. As a SaaS
provider, it offers CRM software over the internet,
eliminating the need for clients to install or maintain
the software on their local machines. This showcases
the efficiency and scalability offered by service-
oriented cloud computing.
For Detailed Info

6. Utility Computing
1. Simplifying Access to Computing Resources : Utility
computing is a model where computing resources, like
processing power and storage, are provided to users
on-demand and billed based on usage, similar to
utilities like electricity or water. This approach offers
flexibility and cost-effectiveness, as users pay only for
what they use.
2. Impact on Cloud Computing : Utility computing is a
fundamental concept in cloud computing, offering a
pay-as-you-go model. This has made cloud services
accessible to a wider range of users, from individuals
to large enterprises, by reducing upfront costs and
allowing scalability in line with user demand.
3. Practical Application : A clear example of utility
computing in action is in cloud storage services like
Dropbox or Google Cloud Storage. Users can store
data in the cloud and pay based on their storage
usage. This model demonstrates the cost-effective,
scalable nature of utility computing within the cloud.
For Detailed Info

Advantages and
Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing
02

Advantages of Cloud Computing

1. Resources Pooling : This means that the Cloud provider used a multi-leaner model to
deliver the computing resources to various customers. There are various allocated and
reassigned physical and virtual resources, which rely on customer demand. In general,
the customer has no control or information about the location of the resources provided, but
can choose location on a higher level of abstraction.
2. On-Demand Self-Service : This is one of the main and useful advantages of Cloud Computing as
the user can track server uptimes, capability and network storage on an ongoing basis. The user
can also monitor computing functionalities with this feature.
3. Easy Maintenance : The servers are managed easily and the downtime is small and there are no
downtime except in some cases. Cloud Computing offers an update every time that increasingly
enhances it. The updates are more system friendly and operate with patched bugs faster than
the older ones.
4. Large Network Access : The user may use a device and an Internet connection to
access the cloud data or upload it to the cloud from anywhere. Such capabilities can
be accessed across the network and through the internet.
5. Availability :The cloud capabilities can be changed and expanded according to the
usage. This review helps the consumer to buy additional cloud storage for a very small
price, if necessary.

6. Automatic System : Cloud computing analyzes the data required automatically and
supports a certain service level of measuring capabilities. It is possible to track, manage
and report the usage. It provides both the host and the customer with accountability.
7. Economical :It is a one-off investment since the company (host) is required to buy the
storage, which can be made available to many companies, which save the host from
monthly or annual costs. Only the amount spent on the basic maintenance and some
additional costs are much smaller.
8. Security :Cloud Security is one of cloud computing's best features. It provides a snapshot
of the data stored so that even if one of the servers is damaged, the data cannot get lost.
The information is stored on the storage devices, which no other person can hack or use.
The service of storage is fast and reliable.
9. Pay as you go : Users only have to pay for the service or the space in cloud computing. No
hidden or additional charge to be paid is liable to pay. The service is economical and space
is often allocated free of charge.
10. Measured Service : Cloud Computing resources that the company uses to monitor and
record. This use of resources is analyzed by charge-per-use capabilities. This means that
resource use can be measured and reported by the service provider, either on the virtual
server instances running through the cloud. You will receive a models pay depending on
the manufacturing company's actual consumption.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
1. Security and Privacy of Cloud : The cloud data store must be secure and confidential.
The clients are so dependent on the cloud provider. In other words, the cloud provider
must take security measures necessary to secure customer data. Securities are also the
customer's liability because they must have a good password, don't share the password
with others, and update our password on a regular basis. If the data are outside of the
firewall, certain problems may occur that the cloud provider can eliminate. Hacking and
malware are also one of the biggest problems because they can affect many
customers. Data loss can result; the encrypted file system and several other issues can
be disrupted.
2. Interoperability and Portability : Migration services into and out of the cloud shall be
provided to the Customer. No bond period should be allowed, as the customers can be
hampered. The cloud will be capable of supplying premises facilities. Remote access is
one of the cloud obstacles, removing the ability for the cloud provider to access the
cloud from anywhere.
3. Reliable and Flexible : Reliability and flexibility are indeed a difficult task for cloud
customers, which can eliminate leakage of the data provided to the cloud and provide
customer trustworthiness. To overcome this challenge, third-party services should be
monitored and the performance, robustness, and dependence of companies
supervised.

4. Cost : Cloud computing is affordable, but it can be sometimes expensive to change the
cloud to customer demand. In addition, it can hinder the small business by altering the
cloud as demand can sometimes cost more. Furthermore, it is sometimes costly to transfer
data from the Cloud to the premises.
5. Downtime : Downtime is the most popular cloud computing challenge as a platform free
from downtime is guaranteed by no cloud provider. Internet connection also plays an
important role, as it can be a problem if a company has a nontrustworthy internet
connection, because it faces downtime.
6. Lack of resources : The cloud industry also faces a lack of resources and expertise, with
many businesses hoping to overcome it by hiring new, more experienced employees. These
employees will not only help solve the challenges of the business but will also train existing
employees to benefit the company. Currently, many IT employees work to enhance cloud
computing skills and it is difficult for the chief executive because the employees are little
qualified. It claims that employees with exposure of the latest innovations and associated
technology would be more important in businesses.
7. Dealing with Multi-Cloud Environments : Today not even a single cloud is operating with
full businesses. According to the RightScale report revelation, almost 84 percent of
enterprises adopt a multi-cloud approach and 58 percent have their hybrid cloud
approaches mixed with the public and private clouds. In addition, five different public and
private clouds are used by organizations.

4. Cost : Cloud computing is affordable, but it can be sometimes expensive to change the
cloud to customer demand. In addition, it can hinder the small business by altering the
cloud as demand can sometimes cost more. Furthermore, it is sometimes costly to
transfer data from the Cloud to the premises.
5. Downtime : Downtime is the most popular cloud computing challenge as a platform
free from downtime is guaranteed by no cloud provider. Internet connection also plays
an important role, as it can be a problem if a company has a nontrustworthy internet
connection, because it faces downtime.
6. Lack of resources : The cloud industry also faces a lack of resources and expertise, with
many businesses hoping to overcome it by hiring new, more experienced employees.
These employees will not only help solve the challenges of the business but will also
train existing employees to benefit the company. Currently, many IT employees work to
enhance cloud computing skills and it is difficult for the chief executive because the
employees are little qualified. It claims that employees with exposure of the latest
innovations and associated technology would be more important in businesses.

Applications of Cloud
Computing
03

Applications of Cloud Computing
i. Scientific applications
i. Healthcare: ECG analysis in the cloud
ii. Biology: protein structure prediction
iii. Biology: gene expression data analysis for cancer diagnosis
iv. Geoscience: satellite image processing
ii. Business and consumer applications
1. CRM and ERP
1. Salesforce.com
2. Microsoft dynamics CRM 3 NetSuite
2. Productivity
1. Dropbox and iCloud 2 Google docs
2. Cloud desktops: EyeOS and XIOS/3
3. Social networking 1 Facebook
3. Media applications
1. Animoto
2. Maya rendering with Aneka
3. Video encoding on the cloud: Encoding.com
4. Multiplayer online gaming
Applications of Cloud Computing

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