Unit 1 lo4
- 2. Contents 1. Q magazines impact and effect on the audience 2. Relevant issues on representation 3. Copyright 4. Legal issues 5. Royalties 6. Ethical issues 7. Complaint 8. Q’s complaint procedure 9. Regulatory issues 10. Role of relevant regulatory bodies
- 3. Q magazine’s impact and effect on the audience Looking at Q magazines, they impact the audience through their influential people on their social media. Further to this, due to their target audience they look to produce content with a much higher mature level so they will appeal to it’s majority age range which is from 24 to 35 years old, because of the target audience, the conversations are more for people who already buy the magazine on a regular basis, otherwise people will be buying the magazines and they will be lost with the context of it. There are theories that help to explain the effect that the magazine has on the audience. One of the theories is the ‘hypodermic needle theory’ because once people read an article in a music magazine, they would start to believe the wrong things because they don’t have the right knowledge on the magazine to know what is correct.
- 4. Relevant issues on Representation https://slyneblog.wordpress.com/unit-1-analysing-media-products-and-audiences/ • Stereotype: a person or thing that conforms to a widely held by oversimplified image of the class or type to which they belong. For example, topics on age, gender, race and religion. • Who are their stereotypical audience/readership? • Laura Mulvey ‘male gaze’ • Diana Saco ‘female gaze’ John Berger (1972) had stated that the ‘men act, women appear’. By this he meant that men will stare at women and women know they are being looked at and then from this, women make themselves into objects. For example, if a female artist is looking quite sultry, they are submitting to the idea that they should be looked at and men portray the stereotype of masculinity by buying the magazine with these specific images.
- 5. Ethical & Legal Issues = https://www.ipso.co.uk/ The IPSO(independent press standards organization), has set rules known as the editors code of practice, in which the editor of a magazine, newspaper or any other form of media, has to follow a particular rule set followed by this organization. Initially it was the PCC (Press Complaints Commission) that dealt with these rules and set specific standards that editors would have to follow, and now this has been taken over by the IPSO. They focus on a long list of categories such as Accuracy, Privacy, Harassment, Intrusion into grief or shock, Reporting Suicide, Children, Children in sex cases, Hospitals, Reporting of crime, Clandestine devices and subterfuge, Victims of sexual assault, Discrimination, Financial journalism, Confidential sources, Witness payments in criminal trials and Payment to criminals. These are all the categories that are included in the editor’s Code of Practice. Below are some images going into detail on some of the ethical and legal issues to do with Q. These explain everything that is required; one of the images that I have taken from their website is all about the intellectual property rights, this is explaining how a lot of their material such as logo, trade names and designs are copyrighted which means that if someone was to attempt to mimic this then this would put them in severe legal issues if it was not corrected.
- 6. Role of Relevant Regulatory Bodies About IPSO's complaints process: This information sets out how your complaint will be dealt with once it is received by IPSO as well as our policies on confidentiality, behaviour and supporting individuals with disabilities. Initial assessment: Once your complaint is received, IPSO staff will assess whether it falls within our remit and if it raises a possible breach of the Editors' Code. Referral to the publication: In most circumstances, they will take over the concerns you are holding once the publishers internal complaints procedures has concluded or if the matter has not been resolved within the 28 days. On the other hand, the publication may request that we begin investigating the complaint without waiting for the end of the 28 days. On occasion they may begin to investigate the complaint immediately, without a referral period, If they are to consider if it is essential for us to do. Investigation: • For this, the IPSO will be provided with a copy of the publication’s response to your complaint and given the opportunity to comment. They will look to think about a satisfactory outcome to your complaint if appropriate. In some cases this could be faster and provide a wider range of possible outcomes than the remedial action IPSO can potentially require. Some examples of this are: the publication of a correction, clarification or apology • the publication of a letter or article by a complainant • a private letter of apology • amendments to an online article or removal of material • assurances about future publication or conduct. https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/cop.html
- 7. IPSO continued: Adjudication by the Complaints Committee If your complaint remains unresolved, the Complaints Committee will decide whether there has been a breach of the Editors’ Code. The Complaints Committee will take into account only information which has been seen by both sides to the complaint, and will publish its decision setting out whether the Editors’ Code has been breached, and why, on our website. Outcomes if the complaint committee determines that the editor’s code has been breached, it can require the publication of it s upheld adjudication and/or a correction. The nature, extent and placement of corrections and adjudications will be determined by the Committee. Anonymity All of IPSO's decisions are published on the Rulings section of our website, unless there are special circumstances such as a court order. If you have concerns about publication of a decision, you will be given an opportunity to raise them before the Complaints Committee is asked to consider the complaint. Review If your complaint has been the subject of a decision following investigation and you believe that the procedure by which the Committee considered the complaint was substantially flawed, you may request a review by the Complaints Reviewer. Any request for a review must be made in writing within 14 days of the decision being issued. IPSO's staff will decide whether to refer the complaint to the Complaints Reviewer. Confidentiality Complainants and others should have absolute confidence that their privacy will be respected. In order for IPSO to be able to investigate complaints effectively, it is essential that neither party publishes information which has been provided as part of the investigation, including correspondence, without the consent of the other. Material provided by both parties during an investigation must only be used for the purpose of the complaint. This does not prevent either party from disclosing information about the complaint to third parties in order to seek assistance, so long as they take reasonable steps to ensure that the third parties are aware of and will respect confidentiality. Simultaneous correspondence IPSO is committed to resolving complaints, where possible and appropriate, on terms which are agreeable to both sides. We expect both parties to a complaint to engage with the process in good faith, and to cooperate with our procedures. Multiple complaints In cases where IPSO receives a large volume of complaints about a general point of fact, they will be combined into a single “lead or “summary” complaint, either prior to or following referral. If a lead complainant is selected, other complainants will receive an explanation of this, and will be notified of the outcome at the conclusion of the process. Individuals with disabilities IPSO will make reasonable adjustments to our ordinary procedures in order to accommodate your needs. Please explain the nature of your disability and any adjustment you require. IPSO must ensure that the complaints process is transparent, effective and fair to both parties. Generally speaking, this requires a written record of the nature of the complaint, the response by the publication and the process that has been followed. All complaints are presented to the Committee for consideration in writing Unacceptable behaviour by complainants In some cases, complaints will contact IPSO in distressing circumstances and many need significant support and assistance. The staff should be accessible and courteous to everyone. https://www.ipso.co.uk/complain/our-complaints-process/
- 8. Editor’s code of practice Accuracy Looking at this section, the press are made sure to take care and not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted information or images, including headlines not supported by the text. Also, the press, while free to edit and campaign, they must distinguish the clear difference between comment, conjecture and the facts. Privacy Every person is entitled to respect their privacy and family life etc. further to this, for people taking pictures, it is not acceptable to take a photograph individuals, without their consent, this means that when they are in public or in private places their privacy needs to be respected. Harassment Journalists must not engage in intimidation, harassment or persistent pursuit. It isn’t allowed for journalists to consistently ask questions, calling, following or photographing people once asked to stop. Instruction into grief or shock In cases involving personal grief or shock, enquiries and approaches must be made with sympathy and discretion and publication handled sensitively. These provisions should not restrict the right to report legal proceedings. Reporting suicide When reporting on a subject such as suicide, to prevent simulative acts then care and caution must be taken to avoid excessive detail of the method used, while taking into account the media’s right to report legal proceedings. Children Everyone should be allowed to complete their time at school with intrusion. Without school authorities then they are not allowed to photograph or approach the pupil or pupils. https://www.ipso.co.uk/editors-code-of-practice/ Children in sex cases In any kind of press report of a case involving a sexual offence against a minor – They must not be identified, however the adult is allowed to be identified, a word such as “incest” must not be used where there is a child victim might be identified. Hospitals Journalists must identify themselves and obtain permission from a responsible executive before entering non-public areas of hospitals or similar institutions to pursue enquiries. The restrictions on intruding into privacy are particularly relevant to enquiries about individuals in hospitals or similar institutions. Reporting of crime when reporting a crime, relatives or friends of persons convicted of committing a crime should not have their identity shared if they do not give consent of such things, unless they are relevant in context. The reason for this is because if there is a minor involved in the case who can be a witness or the victim of the said crime, this must not restrict the right to report legal proceedings. Clandestine devices and subterfuge The press must not seek to obtain or publish material acquired by using hidden cameras or clandestine listening devices; or by intercepting private or mobile telephone calls, messages or emails; or by the unauthorised removal of documents or photographs; or by accessing digitally-held information without consent. Victims of sexual assault The press must not identify or publish material likely to lead to the identification of a victim of sexual assault unless there is adequate justification and they are legally free to do so. Discrimination Details of an individual's race, colour, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, physical or mental illness or disability must be avoided unless genuinely relevant to the story.
- 9. Editors code of practice continued Financial journalism Even where the law isn't prohibited, journalists must not use for their own profit financial information they receive in advance of its general publication, or should they pass any kind of information to others that shouldn’t have the information. Confidential sources Journalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources of information Witness payments in criminal trials No payment or offer of payment to a witness – or any person who may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness – should be made in any case once proceedings are active as defined by the Contempt of Court Act 1981. This prohibition lasts until the suspect has been freed unconditionally by police without charge or bail or the proceedings are otherwise discontinued; or has entered a guilty plea to the court; or, in the event of a not guilty plea, the court has announced its verdict. Any payment or offer of payment made to a person later cited to give evidence in proceedings must be disclosed to the prosecution and defence. The witness must be advised of this requirement. Payment to criminals Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, which seek to exploit a particular crime or to glorify or glamorise crime in general, must not be made directly or via agents to convicted or confessed criminals or to their associates. Editors invoking the public interest to justify payment or offers would need to demonstrate that there was good reason to believe the public interest would be served. If, despite payment, no public interest emerged, then the material should not be published.
- 10. Copyright © • Copyright- “Is when there is a legal right which lasts for a certain amount of years so you can’t print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic or musical material that already exists.” • Within my magazine, I will be making sure that I become a member of the BBC so that I will never breach any standards and everything I publish will be protected. • The copyright in a work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created it at the moment it is put into fixed form. No one but the author can claim copyright to the work, unless the author grants rights to others in a written agreement https://www.google.co.uk/search?safe=strict&ei=8Zm0W6OyJ8PLgAa9qoaICw&q=copyrightdefinition&oq=copyrightdefinition&gs_l=psy- ab.3..0i7i30k1l10.64527.67135.0.67335.9.9.0.0.0.0.71.474.9.9.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.9.472...0i7i10i30k1j0i13k1.0.0Xqzf16Qniw
- 11. Royalties Royalties is when a magazine has included content which is copyrighted and if someone else includes this information then they have to pay the original magazine. A company that helps with this is NLA, they are a newspaper licensing company which sell copying licenses to newspapers. Further to this, they ensure that each publisher get their royalties. Q magazine and other magazines owned by Bauer media subscribed to the NLA. http://www.copyrightroyalties.com/disclaimer The google definition of royalties is “a payment made to writers, people who have invented things, owners of property, etc. every time their books, devices, land, etc. are bought or used by others”. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/royalty
- 12. Q’s complaint procedure: For someone who is a subscriber to Q magazine and you are unhappy with what they are providing, then there is a step-by-step on how to follow through with a complaint. On the website of Q magazine there are 3 very clear steps that must be followed for this process. Firstly, look at previous FAQ’s to see if there is anything to help you in that area. The second step is that when you have gone through the FAQ’s then there is a contact line where you are able to speak to a team leader or write to a subscriber service. Lastly, if the first two steps don’t please your satisfactions then you can send a message to Bauer media, this is will then be sent to a senior member of staff and you will get a reply as soon as they can reply to your message. https://www.qthemusic.com/q-cover-archive-the-80s/
- 13. Regulatory Issues IP/Watermark Content that usually has copyright can be referred to as Intellectual Property (IP) and this is protected by the law. IP can be divided into two categories; Industrial Property and Copyright. As well as IP on printed work, you can get a digital watermark which protects any copyrighted content from any magazine online and in any digital format. It is important to have this because it means people will have to pay you to use your information/ ideas. The best way to protect your IP is to acquire a patent. However, this can take several years to get and costs over $7000 in fees. The image below is an example of watermarking, using their logo on every video they produce tells people that watch it will then see that it is their content and if they enjoy it then they will want to see more of it. https://www.ipso.co.uk/editors-code-of-practice/ Definition - What does Digital Watermark mean? “A digital watermark is data embedded into digital intellectual property (IP) to identify its originator or owner. A digital watermark tracks online digital media use and warns against potentially unauthorized access and/or use”. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23373/digital-watermark
- 14. Data Protection Act (1998) The Date Protection Act 1998 is an act put in place by the untied kingdom parliament, this defines the ways in which information about living people may be legally used and handled. Its main purpose is to make sure that certain individuals are protected against misuses or abuse of information about them. People that use data means that they would have to follow the strict rules that come with it, this is known as ‘data protection principles’. These are the things that they must ensure the information is: • Used fairly and lawfully • Used for limited, specifically stated purposes • Used in a way that is adequate, relevant and not excessive • Accurate • Kept for no longer than is absolutely necessary • Handled according to people’s data protection rights • Kept safe and secure • Not transferred outside the European Economic Area without • adequate protection If the information is more sensitive and needs the stricter rules such as: • Ethnic background • Political opinions • Religious beliefs • Health • Sexual health • Criminal records https://www.gov.uk/data-protection Q magazine has to follow this in order to make sure that their content cannot be used by any others. On the other hand, if they didn't’t follow the data protection act