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Unit 7 n 8
- 1. What grammar dowe need for the next exam? 1. PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT. 2. MODAL VERBS (MUST, MAY, CAN) 3. USED TO 4. WILL & GOING TO 5. PASSIVE VOICE 6. RELATIVE CLAUSES (THAT…) 7. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 8. ALLOW TO, LET, MAKE… 9. CONDITIONALS. 10. COMPARATIVES.
- 2. Unit 6. • Vocabularyon body decoration. Feelings. • Reflexive pronouns and each other. • Have/get something done. • Defining and non defining clauses. Figth for your English, young rascals!!
- 3. Unit 6: vocabulary. PIERCING MOUSTACHE RING BEADS BEARD LIPSTICK CHAIN TATTO DREADLOCKS NAILVARNISH HAIR DYE SIDEBURNS Patillas Teñido de pelo Esmalte de uñas Rastas Tatuaje Cadena anillo Pintalabios Barba Abalorios, collares Bigote Piercing. MATCH THE WORDS Beard = /bierd/ (barba) Bear = /beer/ (oso) Beer = /biar/ (cerve)
- 4. EACH OTHER /REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Clara and Natalia are looking each other when they talk in the lessons. RECIPROCAL ACTION Clara is looking at Natalia and the opposite Clara and Natalia are looking at themselves in the mirrors. OBJECT = SUBJECT Clara is looking at herself, and Natalia is doing the same.
- 5. Ex.5: reflexive pronouns(pag.49) 1. Emily has bought ………… some nail varnish. 2. They had both grown beard and didn’t recognise ……………. 3. I talk to …………. a lot. Some people think I am crazy. 4. My flatmates don’t like ………. They never talk. 5. We taught ………….. how to play the guitar. 6. We are great friends. We phone each other all the time.
- 6. Ex.5: reflexive pronouns. 1.Emily has bought herself some nail varnish. 2. They had both grown beard and didn’t recognise each other 3. I talk to myself a lot. Some people think I am crazy. 4. My flatmates don’t like each other. They never talk. 5. We taught ourselves how to play the guitar. 6. We are great friends. We phone each other all the time.
- 7. Grammar: RELATIVE PRONOUNS(p.53) RELATIVE PRONOUN USED TO TALK ABOUT… WHO / THAT PEOPLE WHICH / THAT THINGS WHOSE POSSESSION/RELATIONSHIP WHERE PLACES Mr. Rivas likes people who/that love English music. This is the house which/that I was talking about. This is the pencil whose owner is from this classroom. That town, where Marta used to live when she was younger, was really beautiful.
- 8. Grammar: DEFINING andNON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES • DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE… Natalia doesn’t like people that talk all the time about themselves. NON DEFINING CLAUSES… Natalia, who is a wonderful girl, doesn’t like too much egocentric people. Which is the difference between both sentences?
- 9. • DEFINING RELATIVECLAUSE… Natalia doesn’t like people that talk all the time about themselves. THE RELATIVE CLAUSE GIVES ESSENTIAL INFORMATION (you can’t eliminate this part of the sentence without changing the meaning) NON DEFINING CLAUSES… Natalia, who is a wonderful girl, doesn’t like too much egocentric people. THE RELATIVE CLAUSE GIVES EXTRA INFORMATION. ( you can suppress this part of the sentence, without changing the meaning). TIP
- 10. Defining or nondefining? Mr. Mariño, who read The Lord of the Rings several times, will visit New Zealand. This nail varnish, which Clara brought yesterday, is not good for your hands. The house where you live is enormous. This house, which is very ugly, is the place where the crime took place. The man who has long sideburns is the one you are looking for.
- 11. Defining or nondefining? Mr. Mariño, who read The Lord of the Rings several times, will visit New Zealand. (ND) This nail varnish, which Clara brought yesterday, is not good for your hands. (ND) The house where you live is enormous. (D) This house, which is very ugly, is the place where the crime took place. (ND) The man who has long sideburns is the one you are looking for. (D)
- 12. Exercise 7. Usewhere, who, which or whose… (pag.53) 1. These are the people… 2. Do you know the house… 3. There is a goth in my class… 4. Can we watch the DVD… 5. Is there a shop in town… 6. That is the actor… 7. Surfing is something… 8. That is the boy… a… you got yesterday? b… I often hang out with. c… eyeliner is blood red. d… brother is my class. e… I can buy a necklace? f… is in the film I saw. g… I really enjoy. h… Dani lives.
- 13. Exercise 7. Usewhere, who, which or whose to link the sentences… 1. These are the people… who I often hang out with. 2. Do you know the house…where Dani lives? 3. There is a goth in my class…whose eyeliner is blood re 4. Can we watch the DVD… that/which you got yesterday 5. Is there a shop in town…where I can buy a necklace? 6. That is the actor… who is in the new film I saw. 7. Surfing is something… which/that I really enjoy. 8. That is the boy… whose brother is is in my class.
- 14. Exercise 8 pag.53.Combine sentences using non-defining clauses. 1. I bought these beads in Greece. I went there last year. I bought these beads in Greece, where I went last year. 2. Eyeliner is often worn by goths. I hate it. 3. He wears beads in his hair. They are made of painted wood. 4. That ring is gold. It was a present from Mick. 5. There is a great skateboard park in town. They sometimes have competitions there. 6. Ryan likes heavy metal music. He’s got tattoos. 7. Kelly’s chain was a present from her mum. It is very expensive. WARNING! YOU CAN’T USE “THAT” IN NON DEFINING CLAUSES!
- 15. Exercise 8. Combinesentences using non-defining clauses. 1. I bought these beads in Greece. I went there last year. I bought these beads in Greece, where I went last year. 2. Eyeliner, which I hate, is often worn by goths. 3. He wears beads, which are made of painted wood, in his hair. 4. That ring, which is a present from Mick, is gold. 5. There is a great skateboard park, where they sometimes have competitions, in town. 6. Ryan, who has got tattoos, likes heavy metal music. 7. Kelly’s chain, which is very expensive, was a present
- 16. Exercise 9. Completethe sentences with who, who’s or whose (pag.53) 1. I am not sure… pen this is. 2. Rick, … plays in a band, has had his hair dyed. 3. Is there anyone here… can speak Dutch? 4. Elena, … sitting next to Tom, is very good at Art. 5. That is the boy … skateboard was stolen last week. 6. I don’t know the guy … singing.
- 17. Exercise 9. Completethe sentences with who, who’s or whose. 1. I am not sure whose pen this is. 2. Rick, who plays in a band, has had his hair dyed. 3. Is there anyone her who can speak Dutch? 4. Elena, who is sitting next to Tom, is very good at Art. 5. That is the boy whose skateboard was stolen last week. 6. I don’t know the guy who is singing.
- 18. Unit 7 &8 • Grammar: conditionals. • Grammar: Relative clauses. • Comparatives & superlatives. • Adjectives and adverbs. • Vocabulary on politics and government. May the force be with you, Young padawans… (and your books to study)
- 19. Grammar: LET, MAKE,ALLOW TO • We could let young people design a new flag. • We should make young people design a new flag. • Young people are allowed to design the new flag. LET AND MAKE: Without TO TO BE ALLOW + TO
- 20. Ex.7: make andlet + pronoun. (p.59) 1. He is very strict. He won’t let them go home early (the students) 2. The police … obey the law (people) 3. At school, they … eat cabbage (Anna and me) 4. Can you … play, please? She likes that game (Hattie) 5. Mum doesn’t …. Watch football if there is a good film on TV (you and me) 6. I am going to… tidy up (the boys)
- 21. Ex. 6. page59. Find the word which is unnecessary. 1. I am sorry, but you aren’t not allowed to go into that government building. 2. Can you let me to talk to the minister, please? 3. They do make boys do military service here. 4. Student aren’t to allowed to vote. 5. We must make every citizen to participate. 6. They didn’t let the woman she cross the border.
- 22. Grammar: 1st conditional(probable) • If Marina studies, she will pass the exam. PRESENT FUTURE Unless Marina studies, she won’t pass the exam. As soon as Marina starts to study, she will pass the exam. When they pay their taxes, they will receive a receipt.
- 23. Ex.6: conditionals (pag.61) 1.I … a public holiday as soon as I …. Ruler (create, become) 2. When she … the election, she … the country. (win/change) 3. Our nation … on the map unless you… people… us (be / recognise) 4. You … travel unless you … a new passport (be able / get) 5. If I… the Aerican empire, I … lots of holidays (join / have)
- 24. Ex. 7 Rewritethe sentences (p.61) 1. She will fail her exam if she doesn’t write that essay (not pass / unless) 2. I will ask her out, but she hasn’t split up with Ian yet. (when /finish with) 3. I will go to the cinema with unless I am really tired tonight. (if / not go) 4. I will revise and call you (as soon as / finish) 5. If you don’t give me a present I will be upset. (unless / get)
- 25. Ex. 7 Rewritethe sentences 1. She will fail her exam if she doesn’t write that essay Unless she writes the essay, she won’t pass the exam 2. I will ask her out, but she hasn’t split up with Ian yet. When she finish with Ian, I will ask her out. 3. I will go to the cinema with unless I am really tired tonight. If I am really tired tonigith, I won’t go to the cinema 4. I will revise and call you (as soon as / finish) As soon as I finish, I will call you. 5. If you don’t give me a present I will be upset. (unless / get) Unless you give me a present I will get upset.
- 26. EX.1. Which topicsdo they mention in the listening?
- 27. Ex.2,pag 62.: Copyand complete the sentences 1.The first thing Sophie would do is to … 2. She wants to get more money to spend… 3. Nurses don’t earn very much, but… 4. If you taxed the footbllers more, they would… 5. If classrooms were more comfortable, people would… 6. If petrol was more expensive, people wouldn’t… 7. If Ross was a politician, Sophie…
- 28. Compare: • If Pablostudies, he will pass the exam. He is very smart. (1st) • If Pablo studied, he would pass the exam. But I am afraid he won’t study. He is so lazy! (2nd) • If Pablo had studied, he would have passed the exam. But he didn’t, because he is lazy. (3rd) • I wish Pablo studied a bit more! (2nd: wishes)
- 29. Grammar: 2nd conditional(improbable) • If I was/were rich, I wouldn’t live here. PAST SIMPLE CONDICIONAL (si yo fuera rico, no viviría aquí) If I were Alfonso, I would play more matches. If you had time, we would help Andrea. Unfortunately, I am afraid we are in a rush.
- 30. 2nd conditional (deseos) IFONLY + PAST I WISH + PAST • If only they studied a bit more, they would pass the exam. (si estudiasen un poco más, pasarían el examen) • I wish I could stay longer with Ariadna. (Ojalá / me encantaría poder estar más tiempo con Ariadna)
- 31. 3rd conditional (imposible) Ifshe hadn’t come, she would have never met that person. But now she is here. PAST PERFECT WOULD HAVE… If they had been less moody, the other people would have felt more relaxed. The train is gone. If Sofia had taken that train, she would have arrived on time.
- 32. Exercise 7 • Iwould prefer this classroom if you were there. • If I was the mayor of this town, … • I would vote for a politician if… • If we banned smoking and alcohol, … • I would vote for a politician if… • If I earned a million pounds a year… rich… If I were famous… a genius… the headmistress of the school…
- 33. Exercise 10: 1stcond vs. 2nd cond If I (see) a lion, I (take) a photo. a)A tourist on a safari b)A tourist in London. a)If I see a lion, I will take a photo (possible: 1st cond.) a)If I saw a lion, I would take a photo (improbable situation: 2nd cond.)
- 34. Ex.12: rewrite sentences 1.I don’t have enough money to buy that Cd (If only) 2. This Maths question is too difficult (I wish) 3. I would love to go out with Kelly (If only) 4. I don’t like this city (I wish) 5. It is the last day of our holiday (if only) 6. Our neighbours have noisy parties every weekend (I wish)
- 35. Ex.12: rewrite sentences 1.I don’t have enough money to buy that Cd If only I had enough money I would buy that CD 2. This Maths question is too difficult (I wish) I wish this Maths question wasn’t too difficult. 3. I would love to go out with Kelly (If only) If only I could go out with Kelly… (I would love that) 4. I don’t like this city (I wish) I wish I liked this city… 5. It is the last day of our holiday (if only) If only it wasn’t the last day of our holiday… 6. Our neighbours have noisy parties every weekend I wish our neighbours hadn’t noisy parties every weekend
- 36. Some vocabulary onpolitics you should know… Currency Government Coalition Election Republic Monarchy Minister (P.M.) Head of state Society (to) vote (to) ban Borders Laws Policies Population Passport Ruler (to) Tax Lower (to) Raise Fund Salary
- 37. UNIT 8 Adverbs vs.adjectives Passionate Honest Optimistic Responsibly Fortunately Moodily Anxiously Generously Succesfully Respectful Pessmistically Polite Which is an adjective and which is an adverb?
- 38. Grammar: Adverbs vs.adjectives Passionate Honest Optimistic Responsibly Fortunately Moodily Anxiously Generously Succesfully Respectful Pessmistically Polite Which is an adjective and which is an adverb? ADJECTIVE polite: politely ADVERB
- 39. Adverbs vs. Adjectives(ex.1,66) ADJECTIVE Passionate Honest Optimistic Polite ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. Respectful ………………….. ADVERBS ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. Responsibly Fortunately Moodily Anxiously Generously Succesfully ………………….. Pessimistically
- 40.
- 41. Grammar: Comparative. One-syllable Adjectives COOL +(…) The coolEST Adjectives ending in Consonant + y MOOD(Y)+IER THE + MOOD(Y)+ IEST Long adjectives MORE + OPTIMISTIC THE MOST OPTIMISTIC Regular adverb Ending in -ly MORE + HONESTLY THE MOST + HONESTLY
- 42. COMPARATIVE + THAN Javieris taller than Pablo. Try to behave more politely than before. LESS + ADJECTIVE Money is less important than health for most of the people. THE LEAST+ ADJECTIVE • Travelling is the least remarkable goal for me in my life.
- 43. Ex. 5 (pag.67) •The person who does the interviw (successful) will get the job. • Those ride children are the (polite) kids I know. • That’s dangerous! You should drive (careful). • Villages are (noisy) than the city. • I can´t hear you. You need to speak (loud) • That isn’t very positive. Try to think (pessimistic)
- 44. • The personwho does the interview more successfully will get the job. • Those rude children are the least polite kids I know. • That’s dangerous! You should drive more carefully. • Villages are less noisy than the city. • I can´t hear you. You need to speak (louder) • That isn’t very positive. Try to think less pessimistically)
- 45. Grammar: 3d conditional,impossible. • If he had stayed, he wouldn’t have met the beggar. Si él se hubiese quedado, no se habría encontrado con el mendigo. • Would any of this have happened to him if he had stayed on his sofa? • If Pablo hadn’t gone out last night, he would have realised that he should stay at home. IF+ PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE
- 46. Ex. 8 (pag.69) 1. Paul (be) upset if he (fail) the exam. Paul would have been upset if he had failed the exam. 2. If you (not tell) me, I (not know) about it. 3. I (not meet) Ian in town if I (Stay) at home. 4. We (be) succesful if we (work) harder? 5. If you (ask) more politely, I (help) you.
- 47. Ex. 8 (pag.69) 1. Paul (be) upset if he (fail) the exam. Paul would have been upset if he had failed the exam. 2. If you (not tell) me, I (not know) about it. If you hadn’t told me, I wouldn’t have known about it. 3. I (not meet) Ian in town if I (Stay) at home. I wouldn’t have met Ian in town, if I had stayed at… 4. We (be) succesful if we (work) harder? We would have been succesful if we had worked harder… 5. If you (ask) more politely, I (help) you. If you had asked more politely, I would have help u.
- 48. Study, my friends… For yourown sake. Ha ha ha…