unit1_practical-applications-of-biotechnology.ppt
- 1. Biotechnology is the use of biological systems, such as microorganisms, whole cells or their molecules, to solve problems or to make useful products.
- 2. Tools of Biotechnology 1. Bioprocessing technology • Using whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products. • Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled organisms). • Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions). • Microbial fermentation • Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.
- 3. 2. Genetic engineering • The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. • Is known more specifically as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. • The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO. • Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical). Tools of Biotechnology
- 4. Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications • Better crops • Improved animal health 2. Medical and health care applications • New tests • New vaccines • New medicines 3. Chemical and environmental applications • Better manufacturing processes • Improved consumer products
- 5. 1a. Agricultural applications: improve crops Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold). Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products. Practical Applications of Biotechnology
- 6. 1b. Agricultural applications: improve animal health Better detection of disease More nutritious feed New and more effective vaccines Improved treatments for diseases Practical Applications of Biotechnology
- 7. 2. Medical and health care applications New diagnostic tests Example: new generation of home pregnancy and strep tests MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, growth deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, hepatitis, genital warts, transplant rejection, leukemia and other cancers Practical Applications of Biotechnology
- 8. 3. Chemical and environmental applications (industrial biotechnology) Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents Use genetically modified microorganisms that break down industrial waste Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products Practical Applications of Biotechnology