unit_2_Phonetics_II.pdf

unit_2_Phonetics_II.pdf

• 2.
  What does stressmean? Stress refers to the relative degree of loudness of a part of a word (syllable), or of a whole word within a sentence or utterance. Sentence stress refers to the word that must be stressed in a sentence or utterance.
• 3.
  We can classifystress into three groups 1. MAJOR STRESS 2. MINOR STRESS 3. SCHWA
• 4.
  RHYTHM It refers tothe way in which syllables are pronounced (speed). It deals with: • The length of words and sentences • The number of stressed words • Pauses • Intonation
• 5.
  Two syllable words Compoundwords receive the stress in the first word and the second word receives minor stress. The major stress on 2 syllable words is more likely to fall on the first syllable if the word is a noun, and on the second if the word is a verb. Airline / / Bookstore / / Haircut / / Noun: Record / / Verb: Record / /
• 6.
  Compound verbs, reflexivepronouns and numbers ending in teen The first word receives minor stress and the second one receives major stress Overlook / / Myself / / Fourteen / /
• 7.
  THE PRONUNCIATION OF FUNCTIONWORDS Function words are those that have little or no meaning by themselves, but which express grammatical relationships. When function words are spoken in isolation, they are stressed; that is, they are pronounced in the strong form. In connected speech, where function words are normally unstressed, they are pronounced in their weak form. In the following list of words, compare the pronunciation of the strong forms to the pronunciation of the weak forms Can will have to he them and You can do it I will be back I have been here before I went to the beach last weekend He was playing the guitar I just helped them Mary and Carlos
• 8.
  CONTENT WORDS Are thosewords that express independent meaning. People Car Dog
• 9.
  Three syllable words Inthis kind of words, the major stress usually falls on the first or the second syllable. Vibration Economic Politic Telephone / / / / / / / /
• 10.
  THE REGULAR PASTTENSE 1.The past tense ED is pronounced /t/ P, k, f, q, s, V,Example: I roped I liked 2. The past tense ED is pronounced /d/ B, g, v, z, m, n, r Example: I robbed You lived 3. ED is pronounced /d/ when it is preceded by a vowel sound Example: They glued They flowed 4. The past tense ED is pronounced /id/ when it is preceded by a T and D sound before the ED Example: We wanted We handed
• 11.
  THE PLURAL We havea single spelling s for the plural form, but two different pronunciations. The plural is pronounced as /s/ (voiceless) in column A and as /z/ (voiced) in column B. A B Ropes robes Cats cads Docks dogs Reefs reeves Read the following lists of plural noun forms aloud:
• 12.
  When suffixes (ment-ness- able...) are added to a word, the new form is stressed on the same syllable. SUFFIXES Comfort Comfortable Aware Awareness Develop Development
• 13.
  Auxiliary verbs, suchas 'will' and 'have' and some forms of the verb 'be', often display both the loss of a reduced vowel. The resulting forms are referred to as contractions. They always involve the loss of the initial consonant of the auxiliary verb. In written form the vowel is also lost. Whether the vowel is lost in spoken form depends on the preceding sound. CONTRACTIONS Contractions with will and have: -They'll arrive soon -They've finished Contractions with would and had -I´d like to see you -he'd never seen it before Contractions with is and has -My cat's been sick -The dog's outside
• 14.
  THANK YOU FOR COMNG!!